Insurance investment channels

1. deposit. Deposit refers to the depositor's temporary transfer or deposit of funds or money in banks or other financial institutions, or temporary transfer of the right to use to banks or other financial institutions while retaining ownership. It is the most basic and important financial behavior or activity and the most important source of credit funds for banks.

2. bonds. Bonds are creditor's rights and debt certificates issued by the government, financial institutions, industrial and commercial enterprises and other institutions to investors when they directly borrow money from the society to raise funds, and promise to pay interest at a certain interest rate and repay the principal according to the agreed conditions. The essence of a bond is a certificate of debt, which has legal effect. There is a creditor-debtor relationship between the bond purchaser and the issuer, the issuer is the debtor and the investor (or bondholder) is the creditor. Bond is a kind of valuable securities, which is a debt certificate issued by various economic entities to bond investors to raise funds, and promises to pay interest regularly and repay the principal at a certain interest rate. Because the interest of bonds is usually predetermined, bonds are also called fixed-interest securities.

3. stocks. Stock is a stock issued by a joint stock limited company to investors when raising capital. Represents the ownership of the joint-stock company by its holders (that is, shareholders). This kind of ownership is a comprehensive right, such as attending the shareholders' meeting, voting, and participating in major decisions of the company. Receive dividends or share dividends, etc. Every stock in the same category represents the equal ownership of the company. The share of ownership of the company owned by each shareholder depends on the proportion of shares held by each shareholder to the total share capital of the company. Generally, stocks can be traded and transferred with compensation, and shareholders can recover their investment through stock transfer, but they cannot ask the company to return their investment. The relationship between shareholders and the company is not a creditor-debtor relationship. Shareholders are the owners of the company, and they shall bear limited responsibilities, risks and profits to the extent of their capital contribution.

4. Mortgage loan. Mortgage loan refers to the loan that the borrower obtains from the bank with certain collateral as guarantee. It is a loan form of capitalist banks, and the collateral usually includes securities, China bonds, various stocks, real estate, and bills of lading, warehouse receipts or other documents that prove the ownership of goods. When the loan expires, the borrower must return it in full, otherwise the bank has the right to dispose of the collateral as compensation. Traditionally, a large part of the loan portfolio of savings institutions is mortgage real estate loans, which are generally called mortgage loans. The term of mortgage loan is usually 15 ~ 30 years, which is much longer than the average term of savings institution debt. In this way, profits will face interest rate risk. When interest rates rise, savings institutions need to pay higher interest rates to depositors, and the yield of their long-term investments is relatively fixed. This problem may be the reason why savings and loan institutions closed down in the 1980s. When interest rates rose in the 1970s, the financial situation of many banks and savings institutions went from bad to worse, which made them more willing to take higher risks and get higher returns. However, depositors seldom pay attention to the huge risks faced by the loan portfolio, because deposits are guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) or the closed Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation (FSLIC).

On the one hand, mortgage loan can convert commodities, bills and securities into cash in advance, which plays a certain role in accelerating capital turnover and stimulating capitalist expansion and reproduction. But on the other hand, this kind of loan is easy to cause false social demand, which is credit expansion and encourages speculation, thus deepening the contradiction between production and consumption under capitalist conditions.

5. Life insurance loans. Life insurance declaration has cash value. According to the insurance contract, the insured can apply for a loan from the insurance company with his own policy mortgage, but he has to bear the interest. This loan belongs to the nature of insurance investment.

6. Real estate investment. Real estate refers to the insurance funds used to buy land, houses and other real estate. This project has poor liquidity and can only be limited to a certain proportion.

7. Investment in infrastructure projects. Its characteristics are large investment, long-term stable income, simple management, often supported by the government, and good public image, which can better meet the characteristics of long use cycle of insurance funds and stable return requirements. At present, China's insurance funds allow indirect investment in national key infrastructure projects such as transportation, communication, energy, municipal administration and environmental protection. The specific way is that the insurance company (as the principal) entrusts its insurance funds to the trustee, and the trustee will set up an investment plan to invest in infrastructure projects in its own name according to the wishes of the principal, and manage or dispose of it for the benefit of the beneficiary or for a specific purpose.

8. Cooperation and contact with financial institutions. (1) Short-term loan financing business. Lending refers to on-site and organized competitive financing through financing intermediaries. This kind of standardized lending business has low risk and strong liquidity, and it can obtain a profit of 1 ~ 3 percentage points higher than that of bank deposits or national debt in the same period. (two) the use of entrusted funds. Select some non-bank financial institutions with strong strength and good reputation, such as trust companies and investment fund companies, establish long-term cooperative relations with them and entrust them to use funds.

9. Invest in enterprises that provide insurance services. For example, an auto repair shop that provides repair services for insurance cars; Insurance accident compensation notarization or consulting company.

10. Overseas investment. Overseas investment of insurance funds is limited to the following investment forms or types:

Commercial paper, negotiable certificates of deposit, repurchase and money market products, such as reverse repurchase agreements.

Fixed-income products such as bank deposits, structured deposits and convertible bonds.

Equity products such as stocks, equity funds and equity.

"Insurance Law of People's Republic of China (PRC)" and other investment forms or varieties stipulated by the State Council.