Sophie's World or Tseng Kuo-fan's Family Book after reading

The World of Sophie There are two things that the more I think about them, the more magical they become, and the more awe-inspiring they fill my heart: the stars above me and the moral code within me. --Kant When I closed the book "Sophie's World", I was really impressed by the author, Jostein Judd. He has skillfully borrowed Berkeley's philosophy of the Spirit - that the world around us and our lives are all in the mind of God - to control the world of the Sufis. This adds to the mysterious philosophical flavor of this book on the history of Western philosophy. "Who are you?" "Where did the world come from?" These two questions open the door to philosophy. When real people are busy with their daily lives and worrying about the severe employment situation, who stops to think about such a question, a question that is still unanswered and problematic? Albert said to Sophie: If the universe is compared to a rabbit conjured up by a magician, human beings are microscopic worms living in the depths of the rabbit's fur, enjoying their comfort, while philosophers are always trying to climb up the rabbit's fine fur in order to see the magician. This group of philosophers, curious about the world, were also puzzled by themselves. They thought about trying to explain what happens in life. Where do things come from? Thales said that water is the source of everything, Heraclius said that reason is the source of everything, Empedocles said that everything consists of four basic elements. ...... Nowadays, with the advancement of natural sciences, we can easily steal the concept of "elementary particles" from books, but in ancient societies, they only used the concept of "elementary particles". Ancient societies used only the senses and the brain to come up with the idea that "nothing comes from nothingness". What is the relationship between what the eye sees and what the mind thinks (i.e., the relationship between "matter" and "consciousness" as discussed in philosophy)? Plato's "rational world", Aristotle's "no innate concepts", Hegel's "materialism"... these are all philosophers. ... It's all about philosophers exploring the world! Wouldn't it be wonderful to use one's own wisdom and knowledge and to critically inherit the arguments of others? Even if their theories aren't entirely correct, they still give an account of the world. As for the question of where the world came from, we have never been given any definite material, so we can never get a satisfactory answer because our reason no longer plays a role. But philosophers are like that, they know it, and they ask and ask again, and they try their best to answer these difficult questions. Maybe that's what makes them so lovable, so fascinating! We are as tiny as the dust of the stars in this great big universe, and we are as insignificant as the dust of the stars. I do not wonder why there are so many people believe in God, this universe brings us too many secrets, so that we can not understand, so some people choose to put that curiosity in an ethereal object. Looking up at the starry sky, we can not see the boundary of the sky, under the pretext of great scientific equipment, the more we see the infinity of the stars, the more we seem so small; the more we understand it, the more we are in awe of it. Is this the charm of philosophy? Dear human beings, do you feel it? Along with Sophie's experience, a series of philosophical history and philosophical ideas took root in my heart, thus arousing my curiosity and thinking about the mysteries of this world. The whole book is very long, and it took me more than two months to read it. There is a lot of content, and I remember very little about the development of the history of philosophy, but the author's original ideas have left a very deep impression on me. Reading the first few chapters, I thought that the main characters of the book were Sophie and her philosophy teacher Albert, but the further I read, the weirder I found it, and it was only on Sophie's fifteenth birthday that I gradually realized that the real protagonists of the book were Syd and her father, the major, and Sophie and Albert were only the characters of the author of the book, the author of the character of the father of the Syd, the major, who created these two people and their experiences, and wrote a book about them as an example for the writer of this book. The Major creates these two people and their experiences and writes a book about them as a birthday present for his daughter Syd. Strangely enough, under the Major's pen, Sophie and Albert gradually feel the existence of this creator and realize that their destiny is in his hands, so through their own efforts, they finally escape from the Major's control and achieve success. This idea of the creator escaping from the destiny that has been assigned to him is very subtle, and I even feel that my thinking has been twisted a little bit. I have been taught for a long time that philosophy books are very boring and difficult to read, so this is the first time I tried to read a philosophy book, but it surprised me and aroused my thinking and interest. The world of Sufi in the book written by the Major is certainly a history of the development of philosophy, but it inspired me a lot. I think the author's intention is to tell us more intuitively that there are no boundaries between the real and the unreal. Who are we, who are we, are we real, or are we, like Sophie and Albert, just illusions manipulated by a greater individual? It's all a mystery. But no matter what, even if we have too many unanswered questions, the world still exists, the earth still rotates, and time still passes, week after week....... Perhaps this is philosophy! Famous writer Nan Nan Shuo is this evaluation of the book: "Sophie's World" novel part, Sophie's main " body conscious process is quite like a detective story plus a modern version of Alice in Wonderland, philosophy plus detective, plus fantasy, plus the cosmology, which allows people to broaden the mind, which is not precisely the most classical definition of philosophical love wisdom?" Yes, although I can't y understand some of the contents of the book for the first time, and I can't make a profound evaluation like Mr. Nan, I feel that it has awakened my curiosity about the world and my thinking about the ultimate meaning of life, and it is indeed a good book!

Sophie's World

Sophie's World is an elementary philosophy book about a 14-year-old girl, Sophie, who comes home from school one day and discovers a letter from a mysterious philosophy tutor, which opens the way for her to learn philosophy. Along with Sophie's experience, a series of philosophical history and philosophical ideas took root in my heart, which also aroused my curiosity and thinking about the mystery of the world.

The whole book is so long that it took me more than two months to read it. There is a lot of content, and I remember very little about the development of the history of philosophy, but the author's ingenious ideas left a deep impression on me. Read the first few chapters, thought the main characters of the book is Sophie and her philosophy teacher Albert, and the more down, the more bizarre, to Sophie's fifteenth birthday of the philosophical banquet, I gradually realized that the real protagonists of the book is Sid and her father major, and Sophie and Albert is only the author of the book characters Sid father of the major to portray the character of the major created these two people and their experiences, written into a book. The Major created these two people and their experiences and wrote a book about them as a birthday present for his daughter Syd. Strangely enough, under the Major's pen, Sophie and Albert gradually feel the existence of this creator and realize that their destiny is in his hands, so they eventually escape from the Major's control through their own efforts and achieve success. This idea of the creator escaping from the destiny that has been set for him makes me feel very subtle, and I even feel that my thinking has been twisted in a small way.

It was drilled into me a long time ago that philosophical books are very boring and difficult to read, so this was my first attempt at reading a philosophical book, but it surprised me and piqued my thoughts and interest. The world of Sophie in the book of the Major is certainly a history of the development of philosophy, but it gives me a lot of enlightenment, I think, the author of the conception of the good intentions, perhaps to tell us more intuitively, real and unreal in fact, there is no boundary. Who we are, who we are, and whether we are real or, like Sophie and Albert, just illusions manipulated by a greater individual, is all a mystery. But no matter what, even if we have too much confusion, the world still exists, the earth still rotates, time still passes, and the cycle begins and ends ...... Perhaps this is philosophy!

Famous writer Nanfang Shuo is this evaluation of the book: "Sophie's World" of the novel part of Sophie's main self-conscious process is quite like a detective story plus a modern version of Alice in Wonderland, philosophy plus detective, plus fantasy, plus the cosmology, which allows people to be open-minded, which is not precisely the philosophy of the most classical definition of Aizhi" Yes, although the first contact with the philosophical I can not be very y understand Some of the contents of the book, and can not make a profound evaluation like Mr. Nan, but I feel that it awakened my curiosity about the world and the ultimate meaning of life, it is indeed a good book!

After reading The Letters of Zeng Guofan, Liu Zhenming Zeng Guofan is an important historical figure in modern Chinese history, known as the "first minister" of the late Qing Dynasty, and later admired as "the perfect man of the past" and "a model of officialdom". He cleaned up the government, advocated Western learning, and initiated the "Tongzhi Zhongxing", which enabled the Qing Dynasty, which was on the verge of collapsing, to survive for another 60 years. No one can emulate his achievements, and his writings and thoughts also have far-reaching influence and will be treasured by the future generations. Zeng Guofan is a famous figure in modern China, and he is one of the major idols worshipped by officials of the Qing Dynasty as well as many people in modern times. Mao Zedong, as a young man, once said, "I am a fool of the people, but I only admire Zeng Wenzheng. Chiang Kai-shek, on the other hand, was a great admirer of Zeng Guofan, believing that his way of being a human being was "enough to serve as a teacher for us all." Before his death, Chiang Kai-shek repeatedly urged his eldest son, Chiang Ching-kuo, to study Zeng Guofan throughout his life. This shows the great influence of Zeng Guofan. Zeng Guofan's idea of family education is mainly reflected in the letters he wrote to his sons, Ji Ze and Ji Hong, as well as his brothers. Zeng Guofan's letters to his sons Ji Ze and Ji Hong, as well as his brothers and sisters, numbered more than 330,*** the largest number of letters ever preserved in history. The Zeng family has always been extremely strict and organized. Zeng Guofan by the family culture, on the children are also very strict, and earnestly teach. His guiding principle of family education has many merits. His family letters give us the impression that he was a father who was very strict with his children's education. In many of his letters, he asked his children to send him the words and poems that they practiced daily, and then he would instruct them according to their learning situation, pointing out that "it is better to specialize in reading, and it is better to be persistent in the study of words". He was also a loving father. Once when his son was sick for a long time, he asked in his letter whether he was taking medicine and what kind of medicine he was taking. He also suggested that the key to good health is usually to strengthen the exercise, can not rely on medication, "a thousand steps after meals" is a good fitness method. Zeng Guofan is the best son, can make parents relaxed, is the best brother, teaching and care of younger siblings, considerate;, and is the most benevolent father, his descendants in the masters of the talent generation, at home and abroad. Zeng Guofan's tutelage may have given the answer. He said: "All people want their children and grandchildren to be big officials, but I do not want to be a big official, but a gentleman who reads books and understands reason". Comparing with Zeng's family tutelage, it is not difficult for us to find that there is a deviation in our education objectives, for we have over-emphasized the education of "talents" and neglected the education of "virtues". What is a "gentleman" as described by ZENG Guofan? Sima Guang has already made a definite conclusion in the Ziji Tongjian: "Those who have all talents and virtues are called saints; those who have no talents and virtues are called fools; those whose virtues are superior to their talents are called gentlemen; and those whose talents are superior to their virtues are called villains". Fools are not enough to be a social problem, but the small man is a big social problem, "Since ancient times, the country's chaotic ministers, the family's defeated son, the talent is more than enough but not enough to subvert the people more than enough! This is deafening and worthy of our deepest attention. Deafening, worthy of our deep introspection ah. Our students clothes to hand, food to mouth, their "heavy burden" mainly from learning math, learning to write, learning English, learning a variety of special skills ....... Compared with Zeng's tutelage, our moral education has mostly remained at the level of empty talk and slogans. School education should be education for life, teaching children to understand the relationship between people, the relationship between parents and children, the relationship between brothers and sisters, and to know the relationship between people in order to be a good person. It is education that enables children to understand who they are, what obligations they should fulfill and what manners they should perform. The education of the disciples in The Family Writings of Zeng Guofan starts from the behavior of life and focuses on the cultivation of morality. But our education today has neglected all these. Some people jokingly say that we have a "very 6+1" relationship with our children, with six adults revolving around one child. As a result, many children are unable to take care of themselves, do not know the hardships of life, and pursue pleasure and vanity. Many children are also used to being the center of their own lives, and are extremely selfish as everyone is for me and I am for me. Such children do not know how to love their parents and will not do so. "Filial piety" is the foundation of "benevolence", and if they do not know how to love their parents, how can they love others and the motherland? Loss of a sense of responsibility for the family, and will take on what social responsibility? If one does not "cultivate oneself", how can one "unify one's family" and how can one talk about "pacifying the whole world"? His family letters are about ideals of life, spirituality and moral cultivation, and in a modern society where flesh and blood ties are fading and neighbors and relatives are strangers to each other, they do have the value of exhorting the world and are worth reading for everyone. While most families of officials and eunuchs have no more than three generations of prosperity, the Zeng family has been blessed with talents from generation to generation, and a number of famous diplomats, poets, educators, scientists and high-ranking cadres such as Zeng Jize, Zeng Guangjian, Zeng Jonong, Zeng Baosun, and Zeng Xianshi have appeared in the family. Zeng Guofan had a high level of learning, and was praised by Mao Zedong as a man who worked (made a career) and preached (left behind ideas and doctrines). He studied hard all his life, respected the Confucian doctrine, the pragmatism of the world, and became a "master of Confucianism" after Confucius, Mencius, Zhu Xi; he revolutionized the literary theory of Tongcheng school, and his poetry and prose presided over the literary world of the three dynasties of Dao (Guang), Xian (Feng), Tong (Zhi), and it can be said that the "moral article crowns a generation". So although it is in the corrupt, feudal Qing dynasty, Zeng Guofan has his own set, but now we can also learn from his good side, apply to the usual life, work, study, so that they become a depth of people, society, the country, do something to dedicate, even if it is obscure, even if it is not as he as a hundred generations, but also always with a grateful heart to make a modest return to society and family. The family.

As the saying goes, "A man is like a man. Read Zeng Guofan's family letters, as if hearing him speak in his ear, do not see the slightest thick black, cunning, and will not feel that he is a politician. The letter spans nearly thirty years, from Zeng Guofan's first appointment as a scholar in the Hanlin Academy to shortly before his death. In addition to his maturing thoughts, his interests remained the same as when he was a young man studying, and he always regarded himself as a scholar, which determined his view of things around him and became the cornerstone of his life's success. In his letters, he expressed his understanding of education, composition, history, and so on, and there are many lessons for future generations to learn, which, in today's words, means that he had a very good learning method and comprehension ability. Although he was educated in the imperial examinations, he y understood the principles of education, and emphasized a flexible and firm style of writing. In his family letters, he talked less about his official successes and failures, but was always concerned about the misconceptions of his youthful learning, such as characters and astronomy, which almost became his lifelong regret. At the same time, he is official and study, with a broad strategy, always reminding himself: clean and honest officials, humble, hard-working. To his younger brother and son to understand the reasoning, to move the feelings, kung fu through the paper back and forth, not the ordinary official family can not. What I felt most y was his summarization of the methods and effects of studying at each stage of his life as a person who had been there before. His approach was positive and y imbued with the spirit of Confucianism. At first, he thought that his academic training was sufficient, but when he was ready to write a book, he realized that his foundation was not solid, his scope was narrow, and he was far from being able to summarize the experience of his predecessors and then refine it. He emphasized the integration of human behavior and writing, and particularly emphasized the meaning of reading and the edifying effect on people, teaching his son, "Since ancient times, sages, heroes, and literati have had different aspirations, but their open and bright chests have been roughly the same. In poetic terms, there must first be an open and bright understanding, and then there is a peaceful and harmonious interest", "The temperament of a person, due to nature, is difficult to change, but reading can change the temperament", "In Tao's poetic understanding can not be comprehended, try to take his poem and read it over and over again, and if you can get a glimpse of his broad-mindedness, the depth of his sentiments, the depth of his heart, the depth of his soul, the depth of his mind, and the depth of his soul, the depth of his mind, and the depth of his mind. If I can read his poems again and again, if I can see the breadth of his mind and the depth of his hopes, then I will know that he has already attained the level of the sages and the greats". On the imperial examination, he commented that only those who are ugly in writing are lucky, but not those who are good in writing are buried. In response to his younger brothers' failure in the examination, he advised them to look for their own problems, instead of favoritism and cheating, and to go to the examiners and intercede. He summarized the necessity of imitation and accumulation in the initial stage of learning, which is "quicker and more convenient". As for the general learning method, he said, "It is better to be quick in reading new books, familiar with old ones, persistent in practicing characters, and diligent in composing essays. The method of reading the Bible lies in the word "patience", a sentence does not make sense, do not look at the next sentence; the method of reading history "is no better than to put yourself in the place, every time you look at a place, such as I was in the people at that time to entertain and laugh in the midst of it". He exclaimed that when a young man is fifteen or sixteen years old, it is a critical period for growth and reading, and that when he was thirty years old, he only realized the meaning of literature and reasoning, which are knowledge that we should learn from and take seriously. Apart from reading and writing, Zeng Guofan also mentioned the cultivation of one's moral character and the handling of interpersonal relationships. Regardless of the merits and demerits of his suppression of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, from a personal point of view, there are very few people in history who have achieved success and made a name for themselves, but who have been able to leave with a good start and a good finish. In the turbulent political situation of the late Qing Dynasty, he was able to achieve the official rank of first grade and the title of marquis with the background of Han cultivators and scholars, which not only required sufficient ability and vigor, but also needed to understand all aspects of life and society, which can be seen in the Zeng family book. He was in the position of high official can still be simple concepts of education son, "Chen Daiyun in-law uncle's son, Bill is only one year old, to its fatherless and motherless family gradually poor, so the hard work of the study, young people become famous. You are fortunate to rely on the shade of his grandfather, food and clothing, wide and carefree, so the sound of the game anonymous music, no longer to read to establish themselves as a matter". In the oldest son at the age of 23, pointed out that "this year, twenty-three years old, all rely on your own indignation, father, brother and teacher can not help"; to the youngest son pointed out that "growing up rich, but heard flattering words of praise, do not hear the words of the governor of the blame despicable, and therefore the literature is shallow and do not know it. The situation is too smooth, no difficulties and horizontal stimulation time, it is difficult to expect its growth". He was a powerful man in the capital, but he advised his family not to be arrogant and meddle in local politics. To his younger brother, who was also a high-ranking official, he said, "Even if people come to me by trickery and deceit, I will still respond to them by being honest and foolish. For a long time, the people's intention is also eliminated; if the hook and heart, meet and distance, then the retaliation has no end ear"; "There is no money more than the children are not proud of the person. My brother wants to leave a legacy for the ancestors, for the future generations to cherish the remaining blessings, in addition to hard work and thrift two words, there is no other way to do", "At this time, the family is very prosperous, everywhere works. Once you lose your power, you will be embarrassed everywhere. Therefore, it is not as good as the land of the pre, do not see and not hear for the better", "my generation in the self-cultivation of the place to seek strong can be, in the winning place to seek strong is not". From these words can feel his honesty and generosity and perseverance and stability, these are never the so-called thick and black, completely positive understanding and approach, in a sense, and modern society Carnegie, Napoleon Hill and other success stories are the same. An important gain from reading Zeng's letters lies in the fact that they allow readers to talk to him directly, which helps to correct the misguidance of certain concepts in society.