What are the new energy sources?

1. Nuclear energy is divided into nuclear fission energy and nuclear fusion energy. The former has been used by human beings to generate electricity, while the nuclear fuel in fission reactors is extremely limited, which not only produces powerful radiation and harms human body, but also the disposal of radioactive nuclear waste has always been a headache. In contrast, nuclear fusion radiation is rare, and nuclear fusion fuel is inexhaustible.

Nuclear fusion is a new energy source, but nuclear fission is not.

2. Biomass energy is the energy provided by living plants in nature. These plants use biomass as a medium for storing solar energy. Belonging to renewable energy. According to calculation, the stored energy of biomass is 27 billion kilowatts, which is twice the total energy consumption in the world at present. The earliest energy used in human history is biomass energy. /kloc-before the second half of the 0/9th century, the energy used by human beings was mainly firewood.

At present, the effective ways to utilize biomass energy are: (1) biogas production. Mainly using urban and rural organic waste, straw, water, human and animal manure, through anaerobic digestion to produce combustible gas methane, which is used in life and production. (2) Ethanol production from biomass. In the current world energy structure, the proportion of biomass energy is very small.

3. The utilization of ocean energy refers to the conversion of various ocean energy into electric energy or other available forms of energy through certain methods and equipment. Ocean energy has the advantages of being renewable and pollution-free, and it is a strategic new energy that needs to be developed urgently.

4. Geothermal energy is natural thermal energy extracted from the earth's crust. This energy comes from the lava inside the earth and exists in the form of heat. This energy is the energy that causes volcanic eruptions and earthquakes.

The temperature inside the earth is as high as 7000℃, and at a depth of 80 to 100 km, the temperature will drop to 650 to 1200℃. Heat can be transferred to a place closer to the ground through groundwater and lava flowing to the crust 1 5 km to the ground.

The high-temperature lava heats the nearby groundwater, and the heated water will eventually seep out of the ground. The simplest and most cost-effective way to use geothermal energy is to directly use these heat sources and extract their energy.

5. Solar energy refers to the thermal radiation energy of the sun (see three ways of heat energy transfer: radiation), which is mainly manifested in the often-said solar rays. In modern times, it is generally used to generate electricity or provide energy for water heaters.

Since the birth of life on the earth, people have lived mainly by the thermal radiation energy provided by the sun, and since ancient times, people have also known how to use sunlight to dry things as a method of making food, such as making salt and drying salted fish.

With the decrease of fossil fuels, solar energy has become an important part of human energy utilization and has been continuously developed. There are two ways to use solar energy: photothermal conversion and photoelectric conversion. Solar power generation is a new renewable energy. Solar energy in a broad sense also includes wind energy, chemical energy and water energy on the earth.

6. Kinetic energy generated by wind energy and air flow. A form of solar energy conversion. Due to the uneven heating of all parts of the earth's surface caused by solar radiation, the pressure distribution in the atmosphere is unbalanced. Under the action of horizontal pressure gradient, air moves in the horizontal direction to form wind.

The total reserves of wind energy resources are huge, and the energy that can be developed through technology in one year is about 5.3x1013+03kWh. Wind energy is renewable and clean energy, with large reserves and wide distribution, but its energy density is low (only 1/800 of hydropower) and unstable. Under certain technical conditions, wind energy is an important energy source that can be developed and utilized.

Extended data:

Definition of new energy

1980 The "United Nations Conference on New and Renewable Energy" held by the United Nations defined new energy as: on the basis of new technologies and new materials, developing and utilizing traditional renewable energy in a modern way, replacing fossil energy with inexhaustible renewable energy with limited resources and serious environmental pollution, and focusing on developing solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy, tidal energy, geothermal energy, hydrogen energy and so on.

New energy generally refers to renewable energy developed and utilized on the basis of new technologies, including solar energy, biomass energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, wave energy, ocean current energy, tidal energy, and thermal cycle between the ocean surface and the deep layer. In addition, there are hydrogen energy, biogas, alcohol, methanol and so on. The widely used energy sources such as coal, oil, natural gas and water are called conventional energy sources.

With the limitation of conventional energy and the increasingly prominent environmental problems, more and more countries pay attention to new energy sources with environmental protection and renewable characteristics.

The new energy sources that can form industries in China mainly include hydropower (mainly small hydropower stations), wind energy, biomass energy, solar energy and geothermal energy. , is a clean energy that can be recycled. Developing new energy industry is not only an effective supplementary means to the whole energy supply system, but also an important measure for environmental governance and ecological protection, and the ultimate energy choice to meet the sustainable development needs of human society.

Generally speaking, conventional energy refers to energy that is technically mature and has been used on a large scale, while new energy usually refers to energy that has not been used on a large scale and is being actively developed. Therefore, coal, oil, natural gas and large and medium-sized hydropower are regarded as conventional energy sources, while solar energy, wind energy, modern biomass energy, geothermal energy, ocean energy and hydrogen energy are regarded as new energy sources.

With the progress of technology and the establishment of the concept of sustainable development, the industrial and domestic organic wastes that used to be regarded as garbage have been re-recognized, and have been deeply studied, developed and utilized as a material for the utilization of energy resources. Therefore, the resource utilization of waste can also be regarded as a form of new energy technology.

The energy resources that mankind has just developed and utilized and need further research and development are called new energy sources. Compared with conventional energy, new energy has different contents in different historical periods and scientific and technological levels. In today's society, new energy usually refers to solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, hydrogen energy and so on.

According to the category, it can be divided into: solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy, hydrogen energy, geothermal energy, ocean energy, small hydropower, chemical energy (such as ether-based fuel), nuclear energy and so on.

reference data

Baidu encyclopedia-new energy