What are the characteristics of China's ideology and culture in Ming and Qing Dynasties?

In these hundreds of years, although the germination of capitalist mode of production has branded the economic and political life of society, the "ultra-stable" feudal system based on the tenacious combination of small agriculture and cottage industry has not yet entered the stage of complete disintegration. However, the centralized politics of feudal absolutism reached its peak in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Due to the implementation of the imperial examination system, the imperial court can expand its ruling base by absorbing people from all walks of life to participate in the political power, so as to maintain the stability of the feudal political power. It is not necessary to form an alliance with the citizens, and the kingship has no intention of promoting the large-scale development of the commodity economy, and often plays a role of hindrance. This is very different from the historical role of the unified feudal monarchy in western European countries at the end of the Middle Ages.

in western Europe, kingship must win the support of urban citizens in order to crack down on the separatist forces of feudal princes. To this end, kingship has taken some measures to promote the establishment of a unified market, which is objectively conducive to the emergence and development of capitalism. In short, although new social factors were sprouting in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, as far as the whole was concerned, they were still running slowly along the old road of the feudal empire since Qin and Han Dynasties.

Extended information

In the early Qing Dynasty, during more than 1 years of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong III, the separatist regime of San Francisco was flattened, Taiwan Province was unified, the rule of Tibet was strengthened, the rebellion of reactionary nobles in Junggar and Xinjiang was put down, and the Russian aggression against Heilongjiang was defeated. China's unified multi-ethnic country was further consolidated and developed, and it became the largest feudal country in eastern Asia.

In this vast territory, there are more than 5 nationalities, including Han, Manchu, Mongolian, Hui, Tibetan, Uygur, Zhuang, Korean and Gaoshan. Although all ethnic groups have different degrees of cultural development, they all have a long history and have contributed to the prosperity of the Chinese nation and the motherland.

the struggle of the peasant class in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties forced the rulers of the Qing dynasty to adjust their ruling policies. In the early Qing Dynasty, through the hard work of working people, agriculture and handicraft production gradually recovered and developed. By the Qianlong period, the germination of capitalism had increased compared with that of the Ming Dynasty, but its development was still very slow, because the decadent feudal system bound the development of the germination of capitalism.

in the middle and late Qing dynasty, politics became increasingly corrupt, land was highly concentrated, and prices kept rising. So during Jiaqing period, the Bailian Rebellion broke out in Sichuan, Chushan and Shaanxi. The uprising dealt a heavy blow to the rule of the Qing dynasty, and the Qing dynasty never recovered.

Baidu Encyclopedia-China Ancient History

Baidu Encyclopedia-Ming Dynasty

Baidu Encyclopedia-Qing Dynasty