What's the Shenggaodan Pill like?

Since Shennong tasted a hundred herbs, Chinese medicine has been developing in the continuous summary and exploration of the descendants of the Yellow Emperor. In the long-term clinical practice, physicians of past dynasties have created a variety of dosage forms. Decoction, oral preparation, dripping pills, injection and aerosol are suitable for treating acute diseases, because such dosage forms can make the drug effect play a role quickly; Pills, ointments, sustained-release tablets or other long-acting agents are suitable for treating diseases that need to be prolonged or delayed. In addition, an appropriate dosage form can be selected according to the characteristics of the administration site.

The application of traditional Chinese medicine as a dosage form began with the creation of Yi Yin decoction in Shang Dynasty. Up to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Huangdi Neijing, the earliest existing classic of traditional Chinese medicine in China, contained seven dosage forms (such as Banxia Decoction), such as soup, pills, ointment, Dan and medicinal liquor. In the Qin and Han Dynasties, with the continuous development of productive forces, people gradually accumulated some experience in pharmaceutical technology and medical practice. It is mentioned in Shennong's Herbal Classic, the first existing pharmaceutical monograph in China: "Those who have medicinal properties should take pills, those who should be scattered should be decocted in water, and those who are stained with wine should be fried in oil. Those who have it should not be put into soup and wine, and they should not violate it with medicinal properties." Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber written by Zhang Zhongjing at the end of Han Dynasty not only recorded the existing dosage forms of predecessors, but also added more than ten dosage forms such as infusion, suppository, syrup, infusion, ointment and organ preparation, which greatly enriched and developed pharmacy in China. Ge Hong in Jin Dynasty added lead paste, ten extracts, wax pills, concentrated pills, lozenges, strips, moxibustion, urethral suppository and so on. At first, some Chinese patent medicines (such as Yuhuhuang Pills), epidemic prevention drugs (such as San Qian) and veterinary drugs are described in special chapters to meet the needs of various infectious diseases and acute diseases, and the drugs are further developed. The Notes on Materia Medica compiled by Tao Hongjing in the Liang Dynasty, under the item of "Separate Release and Divide Treatment", stipulated the preparation procedures of soup, pills, powder, ointment, wine and other dosage forms, which was the beginning of technical operation procedures. Later, in the Tang Dynasty, Sun Simiao's representative works "Prepare for a Urgent Need, Prepare for a Thousand Daughters", "A Thousand Daughters' Wings" and Wang Xi's "The Secret of Outer Taiwan" not only collected a large number of effective prescriptions before the Tang Dynasty, but also widely collected folk prescriptions and prescriptions, enriching the contents of the preparations.

The Song Dynasty was the heyday of the development of Chinese patent medicines, and the establishment of Huimin pharmacy was the beginning of commercial pharmacies in China. The Prescription of Taiping Huimin Heji Pharmacy is the earliest official pharmaceutical standard in China, which contains 775 prescriptions and 13 dosage forms, most of which are made into Chinese patent medicines for sale. This is the first milestone in the development history of traditional Chinese medicine preparations in China. Compendium of Materia Medica, compiled by Li Shizhen in Ming Dynasty, summarized the rich practical experience of many medical scientists before16th century. Among the collected prescriptions (over 13000), there are more than 30 kinds of dosage forms, almost all of which are available except some modern dosage forms.

According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the dosage forms of traditional Chinese medicine are compatible according to the principles of monarch, minister, assistant and envoy. The combination is an organic combination with pleiotropic, synergistic or resistant effects of drugs. It is beneficial to play the overall comprehensive role of drugs. Commonly used traditional dosage forms are soup, pill, powder, ointment, Dan, wine and other dosage forms.

Decoction: Traditional Chinese medicine decoction is a pharmaceutical dosage form made by decocting drugs in water, removing residues and taking juice. Has the advantages of quick absorption, quick curative effect and wide application. When it is taken, the decoction is decocted to remove residues, and the juice is taken orally, so it is called decoction. Decoction is widely used in clinic, which is suitable for general diseases or acute diseases. Compared with pills, tablets, powders, etc. It has the characteristics of fast absorption, easy curative effect and wide application. There are two methods of decocting medicine: soaking method is to prepare dry medicine or sliced medicine in proportion, put the medicine into a porcelain jar and cover it with boiling water. After a certain period of time, after the liquid medicine is leached, it is clarified and filtered, then white sugar, crystal sugar or honey are added, and it is taken warm. The decoction method is to put the soup in a porcelain jar and add boiling water in a teacup. When the liquid medicine is boiled to half or two thirds, take it out and take it warm.

Powder: the medicine is prepared according to the prescription, ground into fine powder and mixed evenly. Add appropriate amount of sugar to cold medicine and appropriate amount of brown sugar to warm medicine. Then mix evenly. Powder is the most widely used in clinic. Although its absorption and digestion are not as fast as that of decoction, it is convenient to prepare, stable in nature, easy to carry and lasting in curative effect. It is suitable for treating formative diseases and polymeric diseases. There are two kinds of powders: oral and external. When in use, it can be combined with various traditional Chinese medicines such as decoction and pills according to the illness, and applied as appropriate.

Pills: each medicine in the prescription is processed separately. Grinding into fine powder according to the prescription, mixing well, and making into pills with honey, water or batter, medicinal juice, etc. Pills are generally particles the size of soybeans or mung beans, which are ground into fine powder by external use of cinnabar or calcined lime and hung dry. Pill is a commonly used dosage form, with slow absorption, lasting drug effect, small size and convenient administration, carrying and storage. Pills are generally used for chronic diseases. Pills can be absorbed and decomposed slowly, which can reduce the side effects, so some drugs with strong medicinal properties and strong irritation can be used as pills to reduce the toxicity. Drugs such as musk, bezoar, white cloud incense and black cloud incense are expensive and fragrant, so they should not be decocted for a long time, and should be used as pills.

Mixing agent: grind into fine powder according to the prescription, mix evenly, and gradually add appropriate amount of refined honey, cream, brown sugar, rock sugar, etc. , and mixed repeatedly. Sealed and stored in porcelain. This medicine can be divided into two types: warm and cold. The mixture is generally used for people who are old and weak after a long illness.

Medicinal oil: firstly, the medicinal materials are carefully selected, processed, prepared according to the formula, soaked or decocted in water, fresh milk or butter is added to the juice, and then decocted and concentrated to semi-liquid, and the corresponding medicinal powder, honey, sucrose and white sugar can be added and stirred evenly. When the medicine is oily, red and black transparent or yellow and black transparent, it is made into oil, sealed in porcelain and stored for later use. Medicinal oil has nourishing effect and is often used for the elderly.

Ash preparation: it is a kind of medicine which takes metals, minerals and animal medicines as the main raw materials and is calcined into ash. Mongolian medicine believes that cold disease can not be cured for a long time, so ash treatment is the best. Grey preparations can be divided into acute, moderate and slow preparations, which are suitable for cold syndrome, dyspepsia, gastric fire spoilage, swelling and pain, edema and abscess, especially for chronic diseases. The dosage of ash preparation can be selected according to the situation.

Ointment: Ointment can be divided into oral ointment and external ointment. Oral ointment can be divided into extract, extract (dry extract, thick extract) and decoction (paste). External ointment can be divided into hard plaster and ointment.

Medicinal liquor: Generally, the effective components in medicinal materials are extracted with white wine or yellow wine, and the obtained clarified extract is taken orally and externally. Medicinal liquor is mostly used for people who are weak and need nourishment, and is used for adjuvant treatment of rheumatic pain, traumatic sprain and chronic diseases.

Metallographic agent: Metallographic agent, also called gem agent, is made of precious drugs such as gold, silver, pearl, agate, jade, coral and turquoise, or metal mineral drugs such as copper, white tin, iron, mirabilite, Lunatone, chrysolite, silverstone, mercury and sulfur, with animal and plant drugs as the main drugs.

The dosage of epigraphy is small, and its efficacy is long-lasting, but it is highly toxic and slow to absorb, and it is generally not easy to use, except for chronic diseases, ulcers, gangrene and other drugs that are ineffective after repeated use. Once the symptoms disappear, you should stop taking the medicine immediately.

Herbs: Herbs are wild herbs collected according to local geography, climate, surrounding environment and plant distribution. Decocting one or more medicines, or drying the collected medicines in the shade in a cool and ventilated place, making coarse powder, and decocting. This original dosage form used to treat fever and exogenous diseases is called herbal medicine, which is often used in remote areas where there are few doctors and medicines.

Traditional Chinese medicine dosage form is the basic form of clinical treatment of traditional Chinese medicine, and it is also the concrete embodiment of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment and prescription theory. After thousands of years of practice and continuous development, Chinese medicine has formed a complete set of theories. With the development of history, Chinese medicine has accelerated the pace of going abroad and impacting the international market.