Wu Zetian's historical information

Wu Zetian is the only orthodox female emperor in Chinese history, is also the reign of the oldest (67 years old on the throne), one of the longest life expectancy of the emperor about Wu Zetian's information you know how much? The following is my for you to organize the Wu Zetian historical information profile, I hope to help you.

Wu Zetian historical data profile of the characters

Zhenguan eleven years (637 AD), fourteen-year-old Wu Zetian into the palace to become the Tang Taizong talent (the fifth grade), Tang Taizong initially favored her very much, given the name ? Wu Mei Niang? but soon left her out in the cold. Wu Zetian was a courtesan for twelve years, but her status was never elevated. During Tang Taizong's illness, Wu Zetian developed a relationship with the then Crown Prince Li Zhi. In the 23rd year of the reign of Emperor Zhenguan (649 A.D.), Emperor Taizong of Tang died, and Crown Prince Li Zhi assumed the throne as Emperor Gaozong of Tang. In this year, Wu Zetian, along with some of her concubines who did not have children, entered the temple of Shenye to become a nun. Later, Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty recalled her to the palace and named her Zhaoyi.

In 655 AD, the third year after Wu Zetian's return to the palace, Emperor Gaozong named Wu the Empress, despite the opposition of Changsun Wuji, Chu Suiliang, and other patriarchal ministers. After that, Wu Zetian actively for the high emperor to plan, using the first easy and then difficult strategy, successively deposed Chu Suiliang, Hanwon, Lai Ji, and finally got rid of Changsun Wuji, so that the high emperor basically realized the monarch centralized power. Gaozong's health condition was not good, many political affairs were handed over to the Empress Wu Zetian to deal with. As a result, the Tang Dynasty experienced a period of ? Double hanging sun and moon to shine on the Qiankun? The period of time, Wu Zetian gradually grasp the central power, and formed their own power group.

In 683 AD, Emperor Gaozong died of illness. Soon after, Wu Zetian set up Prince Li Xian as the emperor, is the Tang Zhongzong. Soon after, he abolished him as the King of Luling and installed another son, Li Dan, as Emperor, Tang Ruizong. After pacifying a rebellion led by Xu Jingye, in 690 AD, Wu Zetian abrogated Emperor Ruizong and renamed the country? Tang? and renamed the country Tang? Zhou? He set his capital at Luoyang and became the Sheng Shen Emperor. In 705 A.D., Xu Jinghun and Chancellor Zhang Hanzhi staged a coup d'état, forcing Wu Zetian to abdicate and installing Li Xian, the middle son of the Emperor, to restore power to the Tang Dynasty. In the same year, Wu Zetian died at the age of eighty-two, and his posthumous edict? To go to the emperor's name, called Zetian Da Sheng Empress? and people in front of the mausoleum erected a monument without words, right and wrong for future generations to comment.

Wu Zetian is very resourceful, and involved in literature and history. During the reign, she continued to implement the rule of law, the creation of the Palace Examination, the creation of the martial arts, since the lift, the test officer, personally examining the tributes; repair the "Record of Surnames", the list of Wu for the first class; attach importance to agriculture, resistance to the Tubo's attack. During the reign, the social economy has developed, but due to the major repair of temples, the people's burden has increased. During the reign of Wu Zetian, the rule of Zhenguan was recognized. The reign of Wu Zetian was characterized by the "Rule of Zhenguan". and the reign of Wu Zetian began with the reign of Zhengan. The reign of Wu Zetian was characterized by the reign of Zhengan and the reign of Kaiyuan. Historians say that her reign was characterized by the ? The first time I saw her, I was in the middle of the night, and I was in the middle of the night.

Wu Zetian historical information on the life of the characters

Wu Zetian (February 17, 624 - December 16, 705), also known as Wujian, Wuzhao, the original name is not known (the New Book of the Tang Dynasty is recorded as Children under the age of 2 years, but some modern scholars have proved that it may be Wuhuanyuanhua), commonly known as Wujetian or Wuhu, Guangyuan, Sichuan, Lizhou, the only universally recognized female emperor in Chinese history, was a native of the city of Lizhou in Sichuan Province. She was the only universally recognized female emperor in Chinese history. Empress of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty (655-683), with the honorific title of Empress of Heaven, and Emperor Gaozong Li Zhi of the Tang Dynasty, known as the Two Saints, December 27, 683-October 16, 690, as the empress dowager of Emperor Zhongzong of the Tang Dynasty and Emperor Ruizong of the Tang Dynasty, and later self-established as the Emperor of the Wuzhou Dynasty (October 16, 690-February 22, 705), and, after abdicating in 705, she became the only female Emperor of the Chinese Empire. emperor in Chinese history.

Wu for the second daughter of the Tang founding minister Samurai Kui, mother Yang, ancestry and state Wenshui County (now Shanxi Province, Wenshui County), was born in Lizhou (now Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province), (the original name of the two women, fourteen years old because of the growth of the beautiful, cardamom years, beautiful, brilliant, and into the harem for the Tang Taizong's talent, the Tang Taizong gave the number 媚娘. Emperor Gaozong for Zhaoyi, later named Empress, and on the honorary title for? Queen of Heaven? Gaozong collapse, the reign of Emperor Zhongzong, Wu for the Empress Dowager, the Prosecutor's claim to the system after the name change. Wu thought she was as lofty as the sun and the moon, hanging above the sky. She was honored with the title "Holy Spirit Emperor" after her reign. Emperor of the Holy Spirit? After abdicating, she was honored with the title "Emperor Zetian Daisheng" (Great Sage of Zetian). After his abdication, he was honored with the title "Zetian Daisheng Emperor" (则天大圣皇帝). The Wu family also abolished the honorary titles ? Shengmu Shenhuang, Shengshen Emperor, Jinlun Shengshen Emperor, Yuegu Jinlun Shengshen Emperor, Ci's Yuegu Jinlun Shengshen Emperor, Tianzhu Jinlun Shengshen Emperor, Zetian Daisheng Emperor, and so on. etc.

Wu Zetian, female, Shanxi Wenshui people, born in Sichuan Lizhou (now Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province), the word ? Jiu? (zh?o, meaning the sun and moon in the sky,? Jyu? is the word Wu Zetian invented for himself), so also known as Wu Jiu.

Wu Zetian's birth date and birthplace has been confusing, according to legend, Tang Gaozu Wude seven years on the twenty-third of the first month (according to the modern almanac related software speculation, 624 years on the twenty-third of the first month of the solar calendar for the 17th of February, but also February 21st, February 25th, said, the information is for reference only) was born in Lizhou (also known as Li Zhou, that is, the city of Guangzhou, Sichuan Province); his father, Samurai warrior, the family was well-to-do. At the end of the Sui Emperor Daye, Li Yuan served in Hedong and Taiyuan, because many times in the Wu family to stay, and its acquaintance. After Li Yuan rose against Sui in Taiyuan, the Wu family had subsidized money, food and clothing, so after the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, the Wu family was recognized for their good deeds. After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, the Wu family had subsidized the Wu family with money and clothes. He was appointed to the post of Guanglu Daifu, and then became the minister of the Ministry of Public Works, the minister of the Yellow Gate, the minister of the Sixth Shangshu, the governor of Yangzhou, the governor of Lizhou, and the governor of Jingzhou, etc. In Zhenguanyuan, he was renamed as the Duke of Yingguo.

Character Evaluation of Wu Zetian's Historical Profile

For Wu Zetian, starting from the Tang Dynasty, there have been various evaluations with different perspectives. In the early Tang Dynasty, because all the emperors were her direct descendants, and Confucian orthodoxy has not yet fully dominated, so the evaluation of Wu Zetian at that time was relatively positive and positive. However, with the passage of time, especially the Ziji Tongjian, edited by Sima Guang, severely criticized Wu. During the Southern Song Dynasty, the Cheng-Zhu school of reasoning dominated Chinese thought, and public opinion toward Wu Zetian was determined by the lightness of the woman's opinion. For example, in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Wang Fuzhi, a famous thinker, commented that Wu Zetian was not to be tolerated by ghosts and gods. The ghosts and gods are not allowed, and the people are ********. However, it is undeniable that Empress Wu Zetian was a good ruler of the country, emphasized the importance of recruiting talents, and pioneered the imperial examinations. Palace Examination? System, and know people well, can reuse Dee Renjie, ZhangHanZhi, HuanYanFan, JingHui, YaoChong and other emerging ministers. During Wu Zetian's rule, the country was characterized by stable policies, proper military strategies, cultural revival, and affluence of the people, hence the name of "Zhenguan Legacy". The legacy of Zhenguan was also recognized by her grandchildren. The reputation of Zhenguan, but also for his grandson, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Xuanzong's reign laid the foundation for long-lasting peace and stability, Wu Zetian has made a great contribution to history.

The first contribution Wu Zetian made to history was her fight against the conservative clans. After Wu Zetian was made Empress, she drove Changsun Wuji, Chu Suiliang, and others who opposed her as Empress, one by one, out of the imperial court and banished them to remote areas. This was a warning to Wu Zetian, but the Guanlong group and their dependents had become a conservative force with vested interests at the time. Driving them out of the political arena marked the end of the Guanlong Group's century-long rule from the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and created a favorable condition for social progress and economic development.

The second was the promotion of economic development. Wu Zetian in the advice of twelve things on the proposal? advise agriculture and mulberry, thin servitude? After she came to power, and compiled the "Zhaoren Benyeji" issued to the state and county, as the state and county officials to persuade the reference of agriculture. She also paid attention to local officials and strengthened the supervision of landlord officials. She also adopted a more tolerant policy toward land annexation and fleeing peasants. Therefore, during the reign of Wu Zetian, the society was quite stable, with agriculture, handicrafts and commerce developing greatly, and the number of households increasing from 3.8 million in the third year of Tang Emperor Gaozong's reign (652) to 6.15 million in the first year of Tang Emperor Zhongzong's reign (705), with an average annual growth rate of 0.721%. This is a very high growth rate in the Middle Ages and an objective figure reflecting the economic development of the Wu Zetian period.

The third contribution was to stabilize the border situation. After Wu Zetian's reign, the borders were not peaceful. Western Turkestan seized the four towns of Anxi in the west, and Tubo constantly attacked Tang in the Qinghai area. In the north, the once-submissive Turks rebelled and fought with the Khitan in the northeast as far as central Hebei. On the one hand, Wu Zetian organized a counter-attack, restored the four towns of Anxi and repelled the attacks of the Turks and Khitans, and at the same time set up military towns and permanent armies in the border areas and extended the practice of cantonment of fields in Qinghai at the end of the Gaozong Dynasty to the counties of Gansu, Zhangye, Wuwei, Wuyuan in Inner Mongolia, and Jiamusar in Xinjiang. A moderate cultural policy was adopted to accommodate the development of diverse cultures. On the cantonment work has made great contributions to Lou Shide, Wu Zetian special more to the book commendation. The book especially pointed out that, because of Tuantian, so that the northern town soldiers of food? Several years of salty support?

The fourth contribution is to promote the development of culture. The fourth contribution is to promote the development of culture. The Tang scholar Shen Shimoji said of the imperial examination system: "The Empress Dowager was quite involved in literature and history. The Queen Mother was quite involved in literature and history, and was good at the art of carving insects. Empress Dowager King of the world for more than twenty years, when the Secretary of the hundred Pioneer, all to article up to, followed for a long time, soaked has become the wind? These words of Shen Shiji contains a wealth of content. First, wu zetian emphasize the science and technology, big open Zhike. Once the test system section of candidates, she was personally present at the examination room, presided over the examination. The second is that at that time, both the Jinsi Section and the Zhike Section exams were mainly for the Ciqi, that is, the essay. Good or bad articles were the main criterion for admission. Thirdly, Wu Zetian did not look at the family, did not ask whether the children and grandchildren of senior officials, but to see whether there is political talent. Therefore, special attention was paid to the selection of senior officials from those who came from the imperial examinations. There were more and more senior officials who came from the imperial examinations. This greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of the civil servants to participate in the imperial examinations, and even more stimulated the enthusiasm of the general public to study and learn. This is what Shen Wenji said? Baptist has become the wind? Kaiyuan, Tianbao years? Father taught his son, brother taught his brother? The father taught his son, the brother taught his brother, the father taught his son, the brother taught his brother. Five-foot boy shame not to speak of literature and ink? The social culture of Wu Zetian period. It was the popularization of culture that promoted the overall development of culture. Famous poets and literary figures such as Cui Rong and Li Qiao emerged during this period. Sculpture and painting also reached an unprecedented level.

In addition, Wu Zetian also has a lot of negative comments, the early days of her rule, due to the wind of the great rise of informers, reuse of cool officials Zhou Xing, Lai Junchen, etc., coupled with the later historians are not ashamed of the violation of the traditional rites of passage, as a woman, but also has a lot of male concubines (known as the male favorites?), and the female concubines. male favorites?)

Evaluation of history books

"The Old Tang Dynasty" evaluation: history ministers said: the rule of chaos, the time is also, the survival of the situation, the situation is also. Make Jie, Zhou on, although ten Yao can not rule; make Yao, Shun on, although ten Jie can not be chaotic; so that the cowardly woman to take advantage of the time to get the power, but also enough to sit in the control of the life of the group, wantonly carry out the power of injustice. View Wu's claim to the system of the year, Yingcai received the square, not all pain in the home of the rope, strangled in the dynasty of crisis, but can not report the grace of the late emperor, the son of the guard our king. The Queen Wu's plan to seize the throne is also, Zhen throat absolute swaddling children, minced meat and minced meat broken pepper painted bone, it is also very unethical, but also traitors and jealousy of the constant state of the woman also. However, it is still pan Yan honest opinion, when the gift of the right people. Although the female chicken in the morning, the final can be resurrected Zi Ming辟, flying language defense Yuanzhong's crime, good words to comfort the heart of Renjie, respect the Constitution and inhibit the fortunate ministers, listen to the loyal words and put to death the coolies. There is a purpose,

Praise that: the dragon spittle easy to look, C Temple Chang reserves. The first time I saw this is when I was a kid, and I was a kid. The first time I saw this is when I was in the middle of the night, I was in the middle of the night. The poor demon white head, descends to identify how .

The New Book of Tang commented that: "Confucius made the Spring and Autumn Annals in the past, and the rebellious officials were afraid of it, and they did not depose those who killed the ruler and usurped the state, because it was a great crime to steal and have it, and they did not lose it in fact, and that was the reason why they wrote about their great evils without hiding them. Since Sima Qian and Ban Gu both wrote the Chronicle of Empress Gao, even though Lu was not a usurper of the Han Dynasty, he did not dare to hide the fact that he had stolen the government of his country, was this not what the sages had in mind? Or was it also in line with the method of the Spring and Autumn Annals? In the old history of Tang, the Empress Wu was listed in this chronicle, which is a long way from where she came from. The influence of good and bad fortune on human beings is like the influence of good and bad fortune. Those who are good often get good fortune, but those who are unfortunate enough to suffer from bad fortune do, while those who are evil are not yet less fortunate than those who are lucky enough to be spared from bad fortune. And the small man's concern, so I thought the way of heaven is difficult to know, for good may not be blessed, and for evil may not be a disaster. Empress Wu's evil, less than the big killings, the so-called lucky to be spared. To Zhongzong Wei's, then the disaster does not ensue. However, his mother's mother's difficulties, and the self-traveling,

Evaluation of successive generations

Hong Mai of the Song Dynasty, "Rongzhai Suibi": "Han's Wu Di, Tang's Wu Di": "The Wu Di, the Tang's Wu Di, the Tang's Wu Di". Han's Wu Di, Tang's Wu Hou, can not be said to be unknown?

Zhao Yi of the Qing Dynasty:? The first time I saw a woman, I was in the middle of her life, and I was in the middle of her life.

Zhao Yi commented on Wu Zetian's private life: ? The Lord is rich in the four seas, concubines move a thousand, after both for the Queen, and favored but a few people, but also not enough to blame, so after the first did not think that the taboo, and do not have to be taboo also?

Cen Zhongmian: ? After the Wu arbitrary, good and bad no certainty, the end of the day of his reign, the count has been appointed prime minister seventy-three people?

Guo Moruo: ? The political enlightenment Kaiyuan rule macro Zhenguan, Fangliujiange light was Lizhou?

Song Qingling:? Wu Zetian is an outstanding female politician in the feudal era. But as far as family roles are concerned, it is not difficult to see that Wu Zetian is also a good wife?

Mao Zedong: ? Wu Zetian was indeed a talented ruler of the country, she had both the capacity to tolerate people, and the wisdom to recognize people, as well as the art of employing people. She has promoted a lot of people, but also killed a lot of people. Just promoted and killed a lot?