What are the three basic stages of the conceptual development of radio and television programs?

The so-called three stages of development mainly refer to the three stages from 1940 to 1978, 1978 to 1997 and 1997 to the present. Due to the different social environment and people's cognition of radio and television at different stages, the modes adopted by radio and television in China are also different. Adapting to these different modes, radio and television play different roles in each stage of its development. We should review the three stages of China's radio and television development, scientifically plan the operation mode of China's radio and television in 2 1 century, and give full play to the role of radio and television industry as an important industrial sector in the information industry cluster.

(1) 1940 to 1978 is the first big stage of the development of China's radio and television industry.

In these 38 years, China's radio and television industry, like China's economic and social development history, has experienced four stages: War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the War of Liberation, the socialist revolution and the exploration of socialist construction. Due to the long-term revolutionary war, people have formed the concept of "taking politics as the core" In the revolutionary war years, people always put politics first in order to win the revolutionary war. It is precisely because of this correct political belief and concept that the people of China, under the extremely difficult economic conditions and under the leadership of the China Production Party, defeated Japanese imperialism, defeated the Kuomintang reactionaries and liberated all China. After the founding of New China, during the period of land reform and three major transformations, we won the socialist revolution with the weapon of "politics". When we entered the period of socialist construction, we didn't know how to build socialism in China, which is very backward in economy and culture, because we had no experience in building socialism. We simply borrowed the experience accumulated in the revolutionary war years and the socialist revolution period to engage in class struggle, which made people panic. They were all defending themselves and had no intention of investing in socialist construction. As political movements broke out one after another, class struggle reached its peak every day, every month and every year, which almost exhausted the "family wealth" accumulated during the economic recovery period and brought our economy to the brink of collapse. In line with this macroeconomic and social situation, China's radio and television industry has adopted a career-oriented "single publicity" operation mode, which can only promote but not serve. People call this kind of "single propaganda" radio and television organization "mouthpiece" and "tool", and the theory that overemphasizes "mouthpiece" and "tool" is called "mouthpiece theory" and "tool theory". Because radio and television undertakes a single propaganda task and is characterized as a public institution, the required funds are completely borne by the state finance. However, due to the limited financial allocation and economic difficulties in China, the development of radio and television in China has been very slow during these 38 years.

(2) The period from1978 to 1997 is the second big stage of the development of radio and television in China.

19 years, with the deepening of reform and opening-up, China's economy continued to develop at a high speed, keeping pace with economic development, and China's radio and television industry experienced an unprecedented high-speed development in history. Its performance is as follows: (1) In terms of scale, 1363 radio stations have been developed; There are 980 wireless TV stations and cable TV stations 1200. At the same time, there are many economic TV stations and more than 500 enterprise TV stations. (2) In terms of economic resources, from a single financial allocation to a combination of allocation and self-financing, many TV stations have basically realized self-financing; (3) The single propaganda function of radio and television has been replaced by propaganda function and industrial function, and all radio and television stations have their own operating income. Nevertheless, the development of radio and television at this stage is restricted by two factors, namely ideological and cognitive factors and institutional factors. From the ideological understanding, it is mainly manifested in denying the economic attributes and industrial functions of radio and television. In some people's eyes, radio and television only have political attributes and propaganda functions, and its theoretical basis is "mouthpiece theory", "tool theory" and radio and television undertakings. Under the guidance of this traditional thought, the radio and television departments are not allowed to carry out business activities, and the system of "separation of production and broadcasting" is not allowed. The radio and television industry group is artificially defined as the "entity" of "enterprise management of public institutions". An institution that can represent the depth and breadth of the development of the radio and television industry has become an empty shell and the "second radio and television bureau". From the perspective of economic system, after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee in 1978, with the shift of the work center of the whole party, China's economic system experienced five changes from planned economy to market economy: planned economy was the main one, supplemented by market regulation; Socialist planned commodity economy; Combination of planned economy and market economy; The state guides the market and the market guides enterprises; Socialist market economy. The "high-speed" transformation of this economic system has an important impact on the development of radio and television, and it is difficult to develop according to the industrialization model. From the perspective of political system, due to the cause of radio and television, the competent department does not regard radio and television as an information industry operating entity, but consciously or unconsciously regards it as a first-level administrative institution. The supervisors are all administrative officials at different levels, and administrative cadres are often appointed as "supervisors". The phenomenon that amateurs lead professionals in the field of radio and television is serious. This is the background of the development of China broadcasting industry from 1978 to 1997. It is against this background that why can China's radio and television industry develop at a high speed? The main reasons are as follows: (1) 1983 The Eleventh National Radio and Television Work Conference has determined the correct policy for the development of China's radio and television, and clearly put forward that we should "go by ourselves", "focus on publicity", "take the new reform as a breakthrough", "run programs at four levels and cover four levels" and "diversify and broaden the scope". (2) In policy, radio and television stations are allowed to carry out advertising business, so that they can become "very rich" from "nothing" and have the economic strength to promote and develop themselves. (3) There is a breakthrough in the economic theory of radio and television, which clarifies the economic and political attributes of radio and television and its two major functions, namely, industrial function and propaganda function. (4) People have a new understanding of the position and role of radio and television in socialist construction, and actively seek new radio and television resources. (5) The arrival of China's information society and the emergence of knowledge economy have greatly improved the position of radio and television industry in the whole information industry cluster.

(3) Starting from 1997, it is the third big stage of the development of China's radio and television industry.

Due to the rapid development of radio and television industry, especially the entry of foreign media, policy makers have to proceed from reality and make correct decisions on the future development of China's radio and television industry in order to occupy a favorable position in the international media market competition. In view of this consideration, since 1999, the radio and television industry has started industrialized operation and set up radio and television groups. Although the means of establishing radio and television group is unscientific, the purpose is unclear and the nature is wrong, it should be said that it is an improvement to allow the use of the concepts of industrialized operation and collectivization in policy. As early as 1998, I suggested that "industrialization and collectivization are the general trend of China radio and television development", but at the same time, I also suggested: "Never set up a radio and television group today, and start to rectify it tomorrow". Unfortunately, there are only a few radio and television groups in the whole country, but there are many problems exposed, which have reached the point of "rectification". This phenomenon illustrates two problems: first, the establishment of radio and television group is the development trend of radio and television industry, and it is not possible to form a group now; Two, the purpose of the establishment of radio and television group is not to fully develop and utilize radio and television resources, but to arrange the remaining personnel or show the achievements of the competent leaders through the establishment of the group. Because of this, the phenomenon of "May 8" and "May 9" appeared in the process of organizing a group, and even the slogan of "organizing a group for me within a time limit" was put forward. In view of this phenomenon, since the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2003, the radio and television system has carried out comprehensive research activities. On the basis of carefully studying the successful experiences and lessons of the past, the problem of "transformation" of radio and television has been put forward, and the slogan of "industrialization year" has been put forward this year.