What is Fine Arts

Fine art is a generic term for art that occupies a certain space and has a visual image to be appreciated, generally referring to the plastic arts other than architecture. The term "fine art" was first used in Europe in the 17th century, and some people believe that it formally appeared in the middle of the 18th century. In modern Japan, it was translated into Chinese characters, and was introduced to China around the May Fourth Movement, when it began to be commonly used. It is also known as "plastic arts". According to the purpose can be divided into two main categories, namely: pure art and arts and crafts.

Word: art English: art Note: měi shù Japanese: art Korean: ? Russian: beaux-arts Fine art is also called plastic art or visual art. It is the use of certain material materials, through modeling means to create a certain space and aesthetic value of the visual image of art. It can be divided into: popular art, visual art. For example, the Great Salt Lake in the United States, the formation is actually a "standard 6"

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Fine art, is a certain material materials, shaping the visual plane or three-dimensional image, in order to reflect the objective world and to express the feelings of the objective world of a form of art, so the fine arts are also called 'plastic arts'. 'plastic art', 'space art'. In the classification of art, fine art is also called plastic art, visual art, and spatial art. It is an artistic activity in which the artist uses certain material materials, such as color, paper, canvas, clay, stone, wood, metal, etc., to shape visible flat or three-dimensional visual images in order to reflect nature and social life and to express the artist's ideology and feelings. It mainly includes painting, sculpture, crafts, architecture and other types.

Painting

Painting is the most important form of art in the plastic arts. It is an art form that uses artistic language such as line, color and form to create a static visual image in two-dimensional space (i.e. plane) through artistic means such as modeling, coloring and composition to express the author's aesthetic feelings. There are many kinds of paintings, which can be divided into different categories from different perspectives. From the geographical point of view, painting can be divided into Oriental painting and Western painting; from the point of view of tools and materials, painting can be divided into ink painting, oil painting, printmaking, watercolor painting, watercolor painting and so on; from the point of view of the content of the subject matter, painting can be divided into figure painting, landscape painting, still-life painting, animal painting and so on; from the point of view of the form of the work, painting can be divided into murals, yearbook paintings, comics, cartoons, publicity paintings, illustrations and so on. Different categories of painting forms, due to their different historical traditions, have their own unique forms of expression and aesthetic characteristics. Chinese painting, also known as ink painting, is a self-contained and unique system in the world of painting, and is the mainstream of the Oriental painting system. In terms of tools and materials, Chinese painting uses brushes and ink to paint on rice paper and silk, and it emphasizes ink and brushwork, focusing on modeling with ink and brush. In the method of expression, Chinese painting adopts a kind of scattered perspective. In the composition of the picture, Chinese painting emphasizes the interplay of poetry, calligraphy, painting and printing, forming a unique beauty of form and content. Oil painting is the representative of Western painting, which is the most influential painting in the world. In terms of tools and materials, oil painting is painted with oil pigments on cloth, wooden board or thick cardboard. In the method of expression, traditional oil painters use focal perspective to paint. In the composition of the picture, it pays attention to the picture of the scene is full, according to the natural order of the picture, presenting the real realm of nature.

Sculpture

Sculpture is a form of art that uses material that can be carved and molded to create a solid image to express thoughts and feelings. The types of sculpture can be divided from different angles. From the production process, sculpture can be divided into carving and molding. Carving is a complete and solid blank from the excess part of the deletion, chiseling, such as stone, wood, jade carving, etc., plastic is with the bonding of the material connection, composition for the required form, such as clay, ceramic sculpture. From the subject matter, sculpture can be divided into monumental sculpture, architectural decorative sculpture, urban garden sculpture, religious sculpture, mausoleum sculpture, display sculpture. From the form of expression, sculpture can be divided into round sculpture, relief sculpture. Round sculpture is not attached to any background, can be viewed from all sides of the three-dimensional sculpture. Relief sculpture is carved on the plane of the raised artistic image. Expression with the help of volume and structure and so on. The creation and development of sculpture and human production activities are closely linked, and at the same time by each era of religious, philosophical and other social ideology of the direct impact. Such as France's Paleolithic round carving of naked women and female horses, wild boars and other reliefs, China's Shaanxi Hejiawan and Liaoning Lingyuan, Jianping and other places found in the Neolithic 5,000 to 6,000 years ago, stone carvings, bone carvings, portraits and goddesses of colorful heads and so on, reflecting the worship of natural forces and the worship of animals, as well as to understand the person itself, the process of understanding the world. The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin reproduce the might of the imperial army of more than 2000 years ago. Sculpture is the crystallization of the times, thoughts, feelings and aesthetic concepts, and is a record of the visualization of social development.

Art and Craft

Art and Craft refers to the products of daily life which have a strong aesthetic value after artistic treatment. We generally categorize arts and crafts into practical arts and crafts and arts and crafts for display and appreciation. Practical arts and crafts is the main body and foundation of the whole arts and crafts, including clothing, food, chemistry, transportation, with the crafts category, practical value is the main value of such crafts, aesthetic value is as a secondary value exists. This kind of handicrafts including after decorative processing of tea tableware, lamps, wooden furniture, embroidery products, grass and bamboo weaving products and so on. Appreciate the display of handicrafts refers to those to display, ornamental function of handicrafts, such handicrafts to the aesthetic for its primary value, handmade technology is very strong, practical value is not obvious or completely disappeared, such as jade, gold and silver jewelry, ivory carving, cloisonné, lacquer, wall hangings, pottery and so on.

Architectural Art

Architecture is a collective term for buildings and structures. It is the art of human beings to use brick, stone, tile, wood, iron and other material materials to build or construct internal and external spaces in a fixed geographical location for living and activities. Architectural art refers to the law of beauty, the use of architectural art unique artistic language, so that the architectural image of cultural value and aesthetic value, symbolic and formal beauty, reflecting the national and the sense of the times. Taking its functional characteristics as a criterion, architectural art can be divided into monumental buildings, palace and tomb buildings, religious buildings, residential buildings, garden buildings, production buildings and other types. In general, the art of architecture, like arts and crafts, is an art that combines practicality and aesthetics. The essence of the building is human construction for living and activities of the living place, so the practicality is the primary function of the building; only with the development of human practice, the progress of material technology, the building is more and more aesthetic value.

"Introduction to Art" and the cultivation of creative thinking ability of a few reflections

<Introduction to Art> the study of art theory is to strengthen the students' art theory cultivation, improve the level of art theory is an important way. A clear grasp of the importance of & lt; Introduction to art & gt; class is a good job of the course of teaching the prerequisites and safeguards, at the same time & lt; Introduction to art & gt; teaching methods of continuous innovation is the realization of the students to understand the laws of art, the establishment of a correct view of art is an inevitable requirement.

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Chinese painting

Chinese painting by Yuan Zhenxi

Xu Beihong works of horse

Short for "national painting". It refers to the Chinese national painting that has been formed and developed on the soil of Chinese national sketches (3 pictures) for a long time, and has become a unique system in the field of art in the world. It is painted with brushes, ink and Chinese pigments on special rice paper or silk. According to the theme of expression, it can be divided into figures, landscapes, flowers and bamboo, birds, animals, bugs and fish, palaces and other painting materials. According to the means of expression and techniques, can be divided into brushwork, writing, hook, bone, color, ink and other painting methods. According to the style of format, it can be divided into vertical scrolls, horizontal scrolls, album pages, fans and other styles. Chinese painting attaches great importance to ink and brush, using lines, ink and light color, through the hook chapped and dotted, wet and dry and thick and light, to express the structure of the objective object, yin and yang back and forth; and the use of the combination of reality and sparseness and "white" and other techniques to achieve the effect of a clever composition. The spatial treatment of Chinese painting is also relatively free and flexible, i.e., one can use the method of "viewing the small with the big" to paint the mountains; one can also use the method of "viewing the mountains with the horse" to paint the Yangtze River. Chinese paintings and other things to show "both the spirit and form", "vivid", not only advocate "outside the master of creation", Chinese paintings in the picture is also inscribed with poems, stamped, poetry, calligraphy, Seal engraving and calligraphy were integrated into one. Milestones or Watersheds in the History of Chinese Painting The theoretical innovations in traditional Chinese Xuanhua (Chinese painting) after 1989 have played a crucial role in promoting the development of contemporary Chinese art. Its core elements are as follows: Historical Milestone of Xuan Painting and Its Development Xie He Six Methods Xie He; the founder of Xuan Painting Theory, the main theoretical cornerstone of the traditional Chinese theoretical ideology system of Xuan Painting is Xie He's Ancient Painting Pintures - "Xie He's Six Methods", which has been continued until the 1989 "Renewal of Chinese Painting Concepts and New Exploration of Techniques". Xie He (479-502 A.D.) was a painter and painting theorist during the Qi and Liang Dynasties. His deeds cannot be traced. He was good at custom paintings and figure paintings. Author of "Record of Ancient Paintings", the oldest painting treatise in China. Evaluated important painters from the 3rd to 4th centuries. He proposed the "Six Methods" of Chinese painting, which became the principles followed by painters, critics and connoisseurs in later times. In the Record of Ancient Paintings, the purpose of painting is firstly: "To make clear the exhortations and admonishments, to emphasize the rise and fall of the world, and to make the silence of a thousand years discernible through pictures." This is to point out that the educational effect is received through true depiction. The emergence of this theoretical understanding is a progressive phenomenon. He put forward the "six methods" of painting are: one, the chiaroscuro, two, the bone method of brushwork, three, should be object like shape, four, with the type of color, five, the management of the location, six, the transfer of the mold writing (or as "transfer mold writing"). "Vividness" refers to the purpose of expression, i.e., figure painting should be aimed at showing the mental state and character traits of the object. The 1989 "Renewal of Concepts and New Exploration of Techniques in Chinese Painting" is the inheritance and development of traditional Xuan painting theories, and is a new milestone in the history of Chinese painting art. The six elements of Xuanhua (Chinese painting) modeling - Xue's Six Methods 1989 Xue Xuanlin summarized and characterized what is known as the "1989 Xue Xuanlin epochal" important artistic contribution to the history of Chinese painting art. Publication: Chinese Painting Concept Renewal and New Exploration of Techniques (known as the epoch-making milestone in the history of Chinese painting and art, published by Shenyang Publishing House in 1989) Abstract: 1989 is regarded as a milestone in the history of Chinese art following the Wei, Jin and North and South Dynasties, the theory of traditional Chinese painting, i.e., the "Xie's Six Methods" and the "Brush and Ink". The traditional Chinese painting theory of "Xiehe's Six Methods" and "Brush and Ink" characterized the end of the stage. The beginning of the era of comprehensive scientific, systematic and internationalization of Chinese painting art, the publication of the book "Renewal of Chinese Painting Concepts and New Exploration of Techniques", which is known as a milestone in the history of Chinese art, is a great contribution to our national painting (Xuanhua). It provides a theoretical basis for the development and transcendence of our national painting (Xuanhua) art, and for the comprehensive scientificization, systematization and internationalization of Xuanhua (Chinese painting). Definition of the Six Elements of Modeling in Xuanhua Painting (Chinese Painting): 1. Line--Brush and Ink Line and Non-Brush and Ink Line. 2. 2. Modeling - quality in accuracy. 3、Structure--Brush and ink line structure and non-brush and ink line structure as well as light and dark structure. 4. Light and dark - dark line (pen and ink line) subject and bright line (non-pen and ink line) subject as well as the contrast between light and dark modeling. Space - the overlapping of planes and the main body, the objective reality universe space (the first reality universe) and the psychological and imaginary "reality" universe space (the second "reality" universe). 6. Color - heavy ink and light color and heavy color and light ink. Color came out from the single ink pigment of Chinese painting ...... See page 32 of Renewal of Concepts and Techniques of Chinese Painting and page 30 of Xue Xuanlin's Art Theory. Thus, the so-called "writing God with form", "vivid chiaroscuro, bone method of brushstrokes, responding to objects, assigning colors according to the type, and transferring and modeling", which are obscure, vague, and almost metaphysical theoretical patterns and traditional dogmas of Chinese painting, have been changed. It provides the theoretical and practical basis for the comprehensive innovation and development of Chinese painting art. Facts have proved that only by establishing and searching for a new theoretical thought system belonging to the art of our times can we promote and facilitate the all-round development and progress of our national painting art. Our national painting (Xuanhua) art, can really get out of more than two thousand years, beyond the Song Dynasty and the Chinese circle and so on the historical dilemma. Chinese art civilization, a long history, brilliant. Let us respect history, respect for human art civilization has made significant contributions to the great artists. Believe that in the new historical process, the oriental art of painting, will be worthy of history; worthy of the future, and stand with the world, continue to write a new chapter of oriental art civilization.

Western painting

Western painting refers to the distinction between the traditional Chinese painting system, referred to as Western painting. Including oil painting, watercolor, gouache, printmaking, pencil drawing and many other types of painting. Traditional Western painting focuses on realism, using perspective and chiaroscuro to express the volume, texture and spatiality of objects, and requires the expression of the color effect of objects under a certain light source.

Oil Painting

Wang Zhengyi's self-created oil painting of Mao Zedong

Oil painting is the main type of Western painting. It is a type of painting in which pigments are mixed with easy oils (linseed oil, poppy oil, walnut oil, etc.) and produced on linen, cardboard, or wood. The diluents used in painting are the hair-raising turpentine and dry linseed oil. The pigments attached to the picture have strong hardness, rich colors, and can fully express the color changes of the object, very rich sense of reality; when the picture is dry, it can maintain the luster for a long time. Oil painting generally emphasizes resemblance, reproduction and rationality, and uses focal perspective, anatomy and other knowledge to shape the image.

Sculpture

"Plastic arts" of a kind. It is a general term for the artistic images created by the three production methods of carving, engraving, and molding. With a variety of plastic clay, or can be carved or carved wood, stone and other materials, to produce a variety of real volume of the image, the expression of the method with the help of volume and structure. Sculpture is generally divided into two kinds of round, relief. Because of the different uses, also divided into shelf sculpture, monumental sculpture, decorative sculpture, architectural sculpture and so on.

Art and Craft

It is a kind of plastic art to transform and process the material artistically, so that it has practical value and aesthetic value. Both to meet the needs of people's material life, but also to meet the needs of people's spiritual life, is a combination of practical and aesthetic, technical and artistic unity. From the point of view of use can be divided into daily arts and crafts and furnishing arts and crafts; from the history of development in China and art forms can be summarized as folk crafts, special crafts, visual communication, industrial design and environmental design five categories. Shoushan stone carving

Calligraphy

①A traditional Chinese art. ② A method of writing Chinese characters. Chinese calligraphy is based on the rules of modeling Chinese characters, using dots and strokes to form a variety of forms in order to express their meaning. There are various styles of calligraphy, including regular script, cursive script, running script, clerical script, and seal script (big seal script and small seal script). The basic element of the beauty of calligraphy is the dots and strokes, followed by the form composed of the dots and strokes. Therefore, the use of brushwork in calligraphy is of utmost importance, as it is the mastery and application of contradictory relationships such as lifting and pressing, hiding and revealing, twisting and turning, lightness and heaviness, ease and urgency, squareness and roundness, etc., which should be avoided with care and caution. In terms of the chapter, the beauty of calligraphy lies in the momentum between the lines, rhythm, rhyme and its conveyed mood of interest. Various styles of calligraphy are concerned about the structure of the horizontal and straight arrangement, look forward and echo; layout of the appropriate sparse and dense, the beginning and the end of a coherent. Wild Cursive Calligraphy

Drawing

A form of painting that uses monochromatic lines and blocks to represent an object. It is often used as a means of practicing the basic skills of drawing, in order to train the ability to observe and express the form, structure, light and darkness, texture, volume and spatial sense of objective objects. Sketching can also be used as an independent art form for creative work. Painter Wang Shikou's work "Blood Clothes" is one example.

Gouache painting

Painting with powdered pigments mixed with water. Gouache colors are generally opaque and have a strong covering ability, allowing for deep and detailed painting. Properly used, it can combine the artistic effects of both oil painting and watercolor painting.

Mural

Painted on the walls or ceilings of buildings. Divided into rough bottom frescoes, brush bottom frescoes and mounted frescoes. Fresco is one of the oldest forms of painting, Egypt, India, Babylon preserved a lot of ancient frescoes, the Italian Renaissance, fresco creation is very prosperous, produced many famous works. China since the Zhou Dynasty, successive generations of palaces and even tombs are decorated with frescoes system; with the flourishing of religious beliefs, and widely used in temples, grottoes (for example, Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, Ruicheng Yongle Palace, and so far a large number of preserved the remains of the famous Buddhist frescoes and Taoist frescoes.)

Caricature

One of the types of painting, also known as satire. The word high-speed painting comes from the Italian word Caricare, meaning exaggeration, and later evolved to exclusively refer to drawings with satirical and comical meanings, i.e. the word Caricature. By means of exaggeration, distortion, assumption, metaphor, symbol and other techniques, it satirizes, criticizes (or glorifies) people and things in real life with humorous, funny and witty artistic effects.

Sketching

The traditional term for Chinese painting. Paintings depicting flowers, wood, birds, animals and other creatures are called sketching. For example, Huang Chyuan's "Drawing of Rare Birds in Sketching" from the Fifth Dynasty. In the usual modern terminology of painting, any direct depiction of a physical object or scene as an object is collectively referred to as sketching.

Sketching

A painting method that involves rapid and accurate observation, the use of concise lines, and the concise depiction of an object's demeanor, form, movement, and other characteristics. It is an important means of painting to cultivate a keen observation and the ability to quickly grasp the characteristics of the object, and is also an important means of recording life and accumulating creative materials.