What are the common good bonsai tree species?

1. Huashan pine

Also known as five-needle pine. Pine family, pine genus. Evergreen tree, tree height 35 meters. Crown broadly conical, branchlets glabrous, young bark gray-green, the old is cracked into a square fixed on the tree, needles 5 in a bundle, 8 to 15 cm long, the leaves are fine and soft, the edge of the serrulate. Native to North China, Northwest, Southwest mountains, altitude 1000 ~ 3000 meters at a pure forest, Shaanxi Huashan extremely habitual. Prefer light, but seedlings, young trees need a certain amount of shelter, with the age of the tree, the light requirements enhanced. Prefer warm, cool, humid climate, do not tolerate high temperature and dry. Can tolerate -31 ℃ low temperature. Prefer fertile, moist neutral or slightly acidic soil, do not tolerate salinity, in hot and dry areas, the requirement of sufficient water in the soil to grow well, strong resistance to sulfur dioxide. Huashan pine tree shape is upright, beautiful posture, is a famous bonsai species. Ground planted rapid growth, tall and majestic, but also excellent garden species, can be used as a shade tree, garden tree applications, in 1895 to France. Cultivated varieties: Taiwan Fruit Pine (var. mastersiana), similar to Huashan Pine, but the young bark gray-brown, smooth, old bark gray-black, cracked into irregular scale-like peeling. Produced in central Taiwan to the north, in the mild and cool climate, relative humidity and soil deep, well-drained acidic soil zone to form mixed forests. It is also a famous bonsai tree species.

2. Japanese five-needle pine

Evergreen tree, tree height 10 ~ 30 meters. Crown conical, gray-black bark, irregular scale-like exfoliation. 1-year-old branchlets yellow-brown, hairy, winter buds ovate brown. Needle leaves 5 in a bundle, the leaves are shorter, usually 3.5 ~ 5.5 cm, China's Yangtze River Basin and Qingdao, widely introduced throughout the cultivation. Temperate tree species, preferring to live in the mountain belly dry place, can tolerate shade, avoid moisture and fear of heat. Introduced into China as a result of long-term grafting, its traits, adaptability has also changed, especially the high growth is limited, the formation of shrubby small trees. The soil requirements are not strict, in addition to alkaline soil can be adapted to, and slightly acidic yellow soil is most suitable. Japanese five-needle pine branches, green leaves, laying cover like a picture, sincere set of pine class gas, bone, color, God's great success, for the garden in the precious species, more than for the focus of the configuration of the embellishment. The most suitable and rock configuration into a landscape, or with peony, azalea, or to Mei as a couple, to the red maple as a companion. In the main courtyard of the building, monumental buildings in front of the plant, strong and simple, lush and interesting. After artistic processing, the cliffs reach out to explore, the stone peak is quite beautiful, for the stump bonsai of the treasures. Cultivated varieties: ① short-leaved five-needle pine (var. brevifolia), the leaf length is only 1/2 of the five-needle pine. ② yellow-leaved five-needle pine (var. variegata), the leaves are all yellow or yellow spots. The leaves are all yellow or with yellow spots. ③ The five-needle pine (var. tortrosa) has spirally curved leaves. ④ White-headed five-needle pine (var. albo-terminata), leaf apex yellow-white.

3. Juniper

Cypress family, genus Juniper. Evergreen trees, trees up to 12 meters high. The crown is narrowly conical, with pendulous branchlets and gray-brown bark. Leaves all spiny, 2-3 centimeters long. Produced in Taiwan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet and other high mountainous areas. It is light-loving and cold-tolerant. Juniper twigs drooping, beautiful body shape, for the excellent bonsai tree, garden cultivation for garden landscape tree ornamental.

4. Lohan Pine

Lohan Pine, Lohan Pine genus. Evergreen trees, trees up to 20 meters high. Bark gray-brown or gray, shallow longitudinal fissure, into thin pieces off. Branches spreading, leaf striped lanceolate, 7 to 12 centimeters long, 7 to 10 millimeters wide, apex pointed, base cuneate. Produced from the Yangtze River basin south to Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, and Guizhou, at elevations below 1000 meters. It is also distributed in Japan. More shade-tolerant, semi-shade species, preferring to be born in warm and moist places. Prefer well-drained and moist sandy loam, can also grow well in the sea. Cold hardiness is strong, but in North China can only be potted. For the famous traditional bonsai tree species, ground planting for garden landscape tree. Pest resistance is strong, but there is leaf spot disease. Varieties are: ① short-leaved Lohan Pine (var. maki), small trees or shrubs, branches upward, short and dense leaves, 2.5 cm long, 3-7 mm wide, apex obtuse rounded. Native to Japan, China's Yangtze River Basin south to South China, Southwest China is cultivated. ② short small-leaved Luo Han Pine (var. maki f. condensutus), the leaves are short, Jiangsu, Zhejiang see cultivation. ③ narrow-leaved Luo Han Pine (var. angustifolius), shrubs or small trees, leaf length 5 ~ 9 cm, 3 ~ 6 mm wide, apex tapering or long pointed tip. Produced in Sichuan, Yunnan, Jiangxi and other provinces, the Yangtze River basin and south are cultivated. ④ Column crown Luo Han Pine (var. chingii), shrubs or small trees. Crown cylindrical, small leaves, oblong oblanceolate, 1.5-3.5 cm long, 1-4 mm wide, apex obtuse or rounded, base cuneate. Produced in southern Zhejiang, cultivated as a landscape tree. Luohan Pine is a beautiful tree with fragrant green leaves. Under the green seeds have 10 times larger than the red seed support, like many wearing a red robe is meditating Lohan. The tree is full of purple and red dots, quite interesting. It is an excellent traditional bonsai tree, and also an elegant garden tree with various configurations. Luohan Pine is resistant to pruning and coastal environment. Therefore, it is particularly suitable for use in the coast for landscaping and windbreak high hedge, etc.; and short small-leafed Lohan Pine, small leaves, dense branches, for general hedges with quite beautiful. According to reports, deer do not eat its leaves, so it can also be used for zoo animal house greening. Dwarf and variegated leaf varieties, more suitable for potting ornamental, bonsai tree applications.

5. Miniature yew

Yew family, genus yew. Cultivated species of the Northeast red cedar, plant height of 15 centimeters or less. Produced in Heilongjiang, Songhua River basin south of the Changbai Mountain area, shade, cold resistance, suitable for born in fertile and well-drained brown forest soil, the original forest within the natural regeneration of good, long life, foreign countries have a thousand years old trees. Branches and leaves are luxuriant, not easy to wither and thin, and slow-growing, is an excellent rocky area ground cover and bonsai materials. After pruning can be a longer period of time to maintain a certain shape, so it is also suitable for geometric shape of the whole form of pruning. Another cultivar of the same species, dwarf yew (cv. Nana), is also an excellent bonsai tree.

6. Hammer elm

Elm family, genus Elm. Deciduous or semi-evergreen trees, trees up to 25 meters high. Bark gray, reddish brown or yellowish brown, smooth, old is flaky peeling. Branchlets gray-brown. Leaves leathery, thicker, narrowly elliptic, base cuneate, asymmetric, singly serrate. Flowering in fall, clustered in leaf axils, flowering from August to September. Produced south of the Yangtze River basin, east to Taiwan, south to Guangdong. Light-loving, slightly shade-tolerant, preferring warm and humid climate, neutral to slightly acidic soil and limestone mountains, growing better in the south. Deep-rooted, strong sprouting, soot resistance, strong resistance. Hammer elm crown ovoid, stem ke branches curved, bark mottled, suitable for making pile landscape. Ground planting for the famous street tree species.

7. Melon poplar

Poplar family, Populus genus. Evergreen small trees, often shrubby, trees up to 7 meters high. The bark is light gray-brown, shallow longitudinal fissure, branchlets with 4 ribs. Produced in North China, East China and Central China. Shallow-rooted, more shade-tolerant, preferring to be born in limestone mountains, streamsides, slow-growing, growing well on deep, fertile neutral soil. Resistant to pruning, strong resistance to a variety of toxic gases, and can purify the air. Boxwood branches are flexible, leaves are thick and bright, green and lovely, bonsai tree modeling effect is excellent. Hedge planting usually as a flower path background hedge or boundary hedge. Small trees can be planted as a garden tree application, such as matching with the rocks, especially coordinated.

8. Maple

Maple family, genus Maple. Deciduous trees, trees up to 10 meters high. Smooth bark, branches greenish gray, twigs often brownish red. Leaves alternate, palmately 7-lobed, or 5-9-lobed, nearly equal in length and width; the base is cordate or truncated, the edge of the unevenly sharp teeth. Autumn red leaves like brocade, very beautiful. Produced in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan and other provinces, distributed in the forest edge at an altitude of 200-1200 meters. Like light, like warm and humid climate, deep fertile moist acidic soil or neutral soil. Leaf color, leaf shape are very beautiful, striking, bonsai tree application, distinctive charm. Lone plant or clump planted in the corner of the house, poolside, streamside, rockery, landscape effect is excellent. It is an excellent garden tree with wide application. (1) the main varieties: small chicken claw maple (var. thunbergii), leaves smaller, diameter of about 4 cm, 7-lobed to the base, lobes narrow, edge with sharp serrated, fruit wings short. ② red maple (var. atropurpureum), leaves 7 to 9 parted, year-round purple-red, ornamental value is very high. ③ feather maple (var. dissectum), also known as fine-leafed chicken claw, leaf lobes thin and narrow as feathery, peculiar leaf shape, very beautiful.

9. June snow

Cyperaceae, June snow genus. Evergreen or semi-evergreen dwarf shrubs, multi-branched. The shoots are slightly hairy, and the leaves are opposite or clustered, long elliptic. Flowers solitary or several clusters, white or light pink-purple, with a single petal, heavy two kinds of petals, heavy petals is very white; corolla funnel-shaped, the corolla tube is about twice as long as the calyx, the flowering period of June to July. Produced in the southeastern and central provinces and regions of China. It prefers shade and humidity, and is mostly found under forests, in thickets, and by streams. Prefer warm climate, intolerant of cold. Not strict on soil requirements, but like fertilizer, to light fertilizer is appropriate. This kind of tree shape is slender, dense branches and leaves, small white flowers in summer, dense abnormal, exquisite and elegant, for the production of stump bonsai of excellent species. Can also be used as a border hedge or flower hedge.

10. Begonia

Roseaceae, apple genus. Deciduous small trees, tree height up to 8 meters. Branchlets reddish brown, sparsely pilose when young, old branches purple-brown. Leaves elliptic to long elliptic, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin closely serrulate. Umbel, with 4 to 6 flowers, very red in bud, light pink when open, simple or double. Fruit subglobose, yellow, the base is not concave, fruit flavor bitter. Flowering April to May, fruit ripening in September. Native to China, is a prestigious traditional bonsai species, North China, East China is especially used. Light-loving, cold, drought-resistant, avoiding water and humidity, grow well in the dry areas of the north, but also for the famous garden species. Commonly cultivated varieties: ① heavy pink begonias (var. riversii), broader and larger leaves; flowers, heavy, larger, pink, for the Beijing courtyard common ornamental good. ② heavy white begonia (var. schelle), flowers white, heavy petals. Spring flowers in the fall, beautiful and lovely, for the bonsai tree in the best. As a garden tree application more planted in the garden, decorate the pavilion outline, grass, forest edge is also suitable. The same species: ① Begonia Xifu (M. micromalus), deciduous small trees, for the baccata (M. baccata) and begonia hybrids, hard solid leaves, glossy surface, red fruit, calyx pits, peduncle pits are sunken, sweet and sour leaves. Cultivation is widely adapted. M. halliana, a small tree with a sparse crown and spreading branches. Leaves ovate, petiole and midrib often purplish red. Flowers bright rose-red, pedicels thin and pendulous, purple. Fruit purple. Produced in East China, Southwest China, cold hardiness is not strong. Varieties are heavy pendant begonias (var. parkmanii) and white-flowered pendant begonias (var. spontanaea).

11. Pomegranate

Pomegranate family, genus Pomegranate. Deciduous shrubs or small trees, tree height 5 ~ 7 meters, the crown is often untidy. Branchlets have angular ribs, the end is often spiny. Leaves obovate-long elliptic, glossy, opposite on long branches, clustered on short branches. Flowers vermilion, calyx campanulate, purplish red, thick. Berries subglobose, bronze-yellow or bronze-red, with persistent calyx. Flowering May to June (July), fruiting September to October. Native to Central Asia such as Iran and Afghanistan, introduced in China during the Han Dynasty, and cultivated in the Yellow River basin and areas south of it. Like light, like warm climate, have a certain degree of cold resistance. Prefer fertile, moist and well-drained calcareous soil, with a certain degree of drought barren ability. Strong tiller, easy to divide. Strong resistance to toxic gases. Pomegranate is a famous bonsai tree species with beautiful flowers and fruits. As a garden tree application, suitable for configuration in front of the steps, the court and the wall corner, door, window, pavilion side or hillside, water, seasonal rich, bright landscape. The main varieties are: ① white pomegranate (var. abescens), white flowers, single petal. ② yellow pomegranate (var. flavescens), flowers yellow. ③ Agate pomegranate (var. legrellei), flowers red, with yellow-white stripes, heavy. ④ Heavy white pomegranate (var. multiplex), flowers white, heavy petals. ⑤ Heavy red pomegranate (var. pleniflora), flowers red, heavy petals. (6) seasonal pomegranate (var. nana), the plant is dwarf, branching thin and rising, leaves, flowers are small, heavy or single petal, long flowering period, so it is also known as the "four seasons pomegranate".

12. Old Crow Persimmon

Persimmonaceae, persimmon genus. Deciduous shrubs, tree height 2 ~ 3 meters. Bark brown, with branch spines, young branches pilose. Leaves papery, ovate-rhombic to rhombic-obovate. Flowers solitary in leaf axils, white; calyx 4-lobed, lobes rectangular-orbicular. Fruit ovoid, ca. 2 cm, villous, apex pointed. Orange-yellow, persistent sepals rectangular-lanceolate, apex acuminate. Fl. April, fr. Oct. Produced in Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang. Light-loving, relatively cold-tolerant; soil requirements are not strict, resistant to drought and barrenness. Root system is developed, sprouting, sprouting force, easy to shape. Old crow persimmon branches intertwined, full of fruit, is a good fruit in the fall and winter. Bonsai tree application, wild and interesting. Bonsai tree planting, more in the garden corner, pavilion steps in front of the rocky slopes between the mountains and the edge of the bush, in the trail edge, the end of the bridge, the side of the stream, the pool side of the stone embedded above the embellishments, especially distinctive. The same genus: ① persimmon (D. cathayensis), semi-evergreen shrubs, branches erect, leaves subleathery, narrow, dark green, persistent sepals broader. ② bottle orchid (D. armata), semi-evergreen or evergreen shrubs, 2 to 4 meters high. Leaves oblanceolate or long elliptic, flowers white, fragrant. The fruit is the same as the old crow persimmon, with slightly wider persistent sepals. This species is shade-resistant, can be planted in the understory for ground cover species, but also often used as bonsai trees.