The creative background of new historiography

1The end of the 9th century and the beginning of the 20th century was a period of great changes in human society. The rise of the second wave of scientific and technological revolution has further deepened the industrial revolution in the world; The modernization of western developed countries tends to be completed, and the independence movements in Asia, Africa and Latin America have come and gone, which has brought about earth-shaking changes in the face of human social life; At the same time, the accumulation and enrichment of scientific knowledge and spirit have greatly improved people's ability to understand nature and society. These changes have brought great impact to the traditional objectivism historiography represented by Comte School and Ranke School, and led to the decline of traditional historiography. /kloc-At the end of 0/9th century, Green in Britain and Lamprecht in Germany began to question the hierarchical school and set off a "cultural history movement" in Europe. At the beginning of the 20th century, Bell of France also put forward the theory of "historical synthesis", while Pierre, the pioneer of yearbook school, shouted loudly to liberate history from "racial prejudice" and "political prejudice", thus finally breaking the situation that objectivism historiography dominated the whole country.

New historiography refers to a historical trend of thought that began to sprout at the beginning of the 20th century and gained unprecedented development in the 1950s and 1960s, aiming at opposing the traditional historiography represented by Frank. In the process of the formation of western new historiography, besides France, the trend of American new historiography also played an important role, and its initiator was Robinson. Robinson studied at the University of Freiburg and received the training of traditional historiography, but at the same time he was deeply influenced by the criticism of traditional historiography by European historians at that time. After returning to China, he taught at the University of Pennsylvania and Columbia University in new york. During Robinson's 25 years of teaching at Columbia University, he gradually formed a new school of historiography with it as the core, and his historical views were embodied in the book New Historiography published by 19 12.