Characteristics of Blue and White Porcelain in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties

The origin of blue glaze with cobalt as colorant can be traced back to tri-colored pottery in Tang Dynasty. High temperature cobalt blue glaze porcelain was invented by Jingdezhen in Yuan Dynasty. Cobalt is a blue and white colorant. When it is dissolved in the glaze, it can be sintered into cobalt blue glaze with very stable color. However, bright blue glaze, in addition to pure glaze color, must also be set off by white placenta to show the ideal glaze color like sapphire blue. Jingdezhen potters invented the high-temperature cobalt blue glaze in the Yuan Dynasty, and in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, they also invented the glaze color of rejuvenation, with blue and sky blue, which was gorgeous and thought-provoking. They are introduced as follows:

1, Yuan Dynasty blue glaze

Blue glaze products in Yuan Dynasty were very rare, with only about 12 pieces in the world. There is a blue glazed white dragon plate in the Palace Museum, which is a relic of the Qing Dynasty. There is a white dragon with three claws stuck in the middle of the plate. The dragon pattern is vigorous and dynamic, which is typical of Long Yuan style. Two identical white dragon plates were scattered abroad in the early years, one was kept in Xinwu Art Museum in Japan, and the other was kept in Toyo Ceramic Art Museum in Osaka, Japan. There is also a blue glazed white dragon plum bottle, which is also a three-claw plastic white dragon. There are three original pieces, one for Yangzhou Museum, one for Ji Mei Museum, and the other for the old palace collection, which was originally stored in the Summer Palace, but it was later broken. There is also a blue glazed white dragon jar, which is a remnant and was unearthed in Zhenjiang in the 1990s.

After liberation, a kind of blue glazed cup was unearthed in Hangzhou, and a kind of blue glazed gold colored cup plate was unearthed in Baoding. The color of the cup is as blue as a gem, and gold is very skillful in painting. Brilliant golden light echoes sapphire-like glaze color from a distance, giving people a rich and luxurious feeling. It is an outstanding work representing the firing level of blue glaze in Yuan Dynasty. In addition, a large plate with blue glaze, white flowers, birds and seahorses appeared in West Asia, with a diameter of 40. These pieces of blue glazed porcelain should be exported porcelain made of blue and white in Yuan Dynasty.

Blue glazed porcelain in Yuan Dynasty is rare, all of which are hidden in the National Museum. Imitators are hard to get, so they can only copy according to the catalogue. Modern imitations mainly come from Jingdezhen and are fired in gas kilns and firewood kilns. As long as we grasp the characteristics of glaze in Yuan Dynasty, we can identify the authenticity. For example, although the original Yuan Dynasty looks rough, it feels smooth by hand. The new imitator is either too fine or too rough, and has not imitated the original charm. The genuine blue glaze in Yuan Dynasty has a deep glaze color, while the imitations are mostly blue, which is too frivolous.

2, ⅵ blue glaze

Blue glaze in Ming and Qing Dynasties, commonly known as "Jilan", inherited the tradition of Yuan Dynasty and kept burning. Its main shapes are sacrificial vessels and display porcelain. Ji Lan in Ming Dynasty was most praised by later generations. Its glaze color is as blue as the deep sea, with uniform glaze color and stable color. Later, it was called "Qing Ji", and it was listed as the top three products of Xuande colored glazed porcelain along with white glaze and red glaze. Xuande blue glazed porcelain is mostly monochrome glaze. If you want to send the collection to the first-line auction house (Beijing Hanhai, Beijing Poly, etc. ), please contact 152. 5690.6324. With WeChat, we are committed to the channel construction of selling folk collections and can cooperate sincerely. There are also a few carvings of dark flowers, and some of them are blue glazed white flowers, mostly broken branches and fish algae patterns. There are two types of official kilns: blue and white and dark. They are all "Daming Xuande Year System" with two lines and six characters in regular script. The identification points of Xuandeji blue glaze are as follows:

(1) coexistence of all-blue glaze inside and outside and blue glaze outside white glaze inside.

(2) Few bowls and pots are neat at the edge of Juncus Juncus, and most lines are irregular.

(3) The glaze on the ring foot is in the end, and the tire is exposed due to insufficient head-up.

(4) All four words are imitations.

(5) Most of the shallow engraved patterns are dragon patterns, and few of them have white flowers. The white flowers are piled and shaped, and they are raised three-dimensional patterns, but it seems that they have no three-dimensional effect.

(6) Modeling bowls and plates are common, while bottles and pots are rare.

During the Chenghua, Hongzhi and Hongzhi periods, the glazed porcelain was not passed down from generation to generation, especially during the Chenghua period. Up to now, no complete pieces have been handed down, but there are fragments of Chenghua Qianlan glaze unearthed from the site of Jingdezhen Imperial Factory, which shows that its production has never stopped. Hongzhi and Zheng Deqing's glazed porcelain have little official money, and the identification is mainly to master the glaze and modeling characteristics of the porcelain of the two dynasties.

Jiajing blue glazed porcelain is more popular. On the one hand, the variety of modeling is rich and colorful, on the other hand, the variety of glaze has also made new development. In addition to traditional palace ritual vessels and display porcelain, blue glaze products are also common in daily utensils. The glaze color is not only blue, but also a new "green" glaze. The blue glaze of Jiajing period is blue and purplish. Some glazes have small stripes, some have brown spots, and the glaze near the bottom is black. The blue glaze is light blue, without dazzling floating light, and some utensils are coated with a layer of sauce-colored glaze at the mouth edge and circle foot. Jiajing Huiqing glaze is engraved with many dark lines, all of which are six-character regular script lines, and the shapes are cans, washing, bowls, plates, cups, slag buckets, incense shovels and so on. Some are also lightly engraved with dragons and phoenixes, dragons and dragons, and tangled branches. These cultural relics are mainly kept in the Palace Museum in Taipei and Beijing, and they are all old collections in the palace.

By the Qing Dynasty, the production of blue glazed porcelain had not been interrupted from generation to generation, and it was handed down from generation to generation. Some are engraved with dark patterns, and some are painted with gold. The common shapes are still court ritual vessels and display porcelain. There are many kinds of green glazed porcelain in the official kiln, and the workmanship is very fine. Folk kilns also have some blue glazed porcelain, which are mostly sacrificial vessels for temples. No official, but old.