Methods of collecting and organizing thesis information

Methods of collecting and organizing thesis information

Nervous and full of college life is coming to an end, before graduating from college are required to go through the final thesis, the thesis is a more formal form of testing the results of students' learning, so how to write a good thesis? The following is my method of collecting and organizing thesis information, welcome to share.

Methods of collecting and organizing thesis data

First, the scope of the thesis data collection

Writing a thesis must be exhaustive possession of information, a thesis of about 5,000 words to write, you may have to collect tens of thousands of words, or even hundreds of thousands of words of information. Hundreds of thousands of words of information, the method of accumulating information . The information is the basis of thesis writing, without information, "the clever woman is difficult to cook without rice", research can not start, the point of view can not be established, thesis is impossible to form. Therefore, the exhaustive possession of information is another extremely important work before thesis writing. Thesis writing before, at least should have the following five aspects of the material:

First, the first-hand information. First-hand information, including the thesis directly related to the written material, digital material (including charts), such as: statistical material, typical cases, experience and so on, but also includes their own personal practice in the sensibility of the material. This is the basic basis for thesis arguments and claims. Without these materials, the thesis will only become an empty talk without practical value. First-hand information should pay attention to early collection, at the same time, pay attention to its authenticity, typicality, novelty and accuracy.

Second, the research results of others. This refers to the latest developments in academic research on the subject at home and abroad. Writing a thesis is not out of thin air, but on the basis of other people's research results, therefore, for others have solved the problem can not be repeated without effort to research, people can use this as a starting point, and can get useful inspiration, reference and guidance. For others have not solved, or solve the problem is not satisfactory, then you can continue to research and explore on the basis of other people's research. Do not just focus on writing, regardless of other people's research, otherwise, the rational understanding of the thesis written will be far below the level of the previous person has reached.

Third, the material of fringe subjects. Today's era is the information age, the human knowledge system - showing a big differentiation and integration of the state of the traditional disciplines of the divide is gradually broken, the emergence of dazzling sub-disciplines and fringe disciplines. Efforts to master the materials of the marginalized disciplines will be of great benefit to the disciplinary research to be carried out, the subject of research. It enables us to broaden our research horizons and analyze in a more diverse way. For example, the study of economics-related topics, it is necessary to use management, sociology 1jl, science, demography and other disciplines of knowledge. The practice of a large number of research work shows that do not understand some of the fringe disciplines, do not master some of the fringe disciplines of the material, knowledge and narrow thinking is very difficult to write a high-quality paper.

Fourth, the celebrities of the relevant discussion, the policy literature and so on. The famous person's thesis is very authoritative, and it is very helpful to elaborate the argument accurately and powerfully. As for the party's relevant guidelines and policies not only reflect the practical experience of socialist modernization, but also reflect the reality of the work of the many problems faced, therefore, the study of all the realities of the problem must be possessed and clear material in this regard, otherwise there will be inconsistent with the party's guidelines and policies of the speech, so that the thesis appears to be a great defect.

Fifth, background materials. Collect and study the background material, which helps to broaden the mind, comprehensive research, improve the quality of the paper. For example, to study Marx's theory of commodity economy, we can not only study his writings, but also should vigorously collect the social, political, economic and other background materials he was in, so as to achieve in-depth research results.

Second, the data collection and categorization of the 'method of collection of information in many ways, commonly used in the following ways:

First, do the card. The use of cards to collect information, easy to categorize, easy to save, easy to find, and can be divided and can be combined, can always be a separate combination. Cards can do it yourself, you can also go to the cultural supplies store to buy. A problem is usually written on a card, the content is too much can also be written on several cards, of course, in the process of collecting information, to do cards, according to the habits of people, do not have to have rigid rules.

Second, take notes. Note that this is any thesis writers are necessary, good memory is not as good as a bad pen, reading books, newspapers and magazines, to engage in research, to bring a pen and paper, write down the content of the required information at any time, or the relevant experience, theoretical perspectives, and so on. When making notes, it is best to leave one-third of the paper area free for writing about the excerpts of the content of the understanding, evaluation and experience.

Third, cut and paste the newspaper. Useful information from newspapers, publications cut, or photocopied with a copier, and then cut and paste. The information that should be cut and pasted classified and pasted in notebooks, loose-leaf paper or cards, the advantage of this method is that it can save the time of sand writing. Whether the information is collected on cards, excerpted, or cut and pasted, it is important to cite the source. If it is a book, it should indicate the author, title, publishing unit, year and month of issue; if it is a newspaper, it should indicate the author, title, edition, name of the newspaper, month and year of issue; if it is a magazine, it should indicate the author, title, name of the magazine, volume (issue) number, page number, etc., so as to be appended to the back of the thesis. The information collected should not be put aside and ignored, but should be carefully read, carefully categorized and studied, thesis writing "method of accumulating information 2".

There are two main methods of categorization:

The first, the subject classification method. According to a certain point of view to organize the information into groups, this "certain point of view", can be synthesized from the point of view, can also be the point of view of their own formulation. For example, in order to study the prerequisites for fostering the construction labor market, the author has formulated his own four points of view: Firstly, the determination of the market economic system has created an objective environment for the emergence of the construction labor market; secondly, the formation of the construction product market has put forward realistic requirements for the fostering of the construction labor market; thirdly, the deepening of urban and rural institutional reforms has provided reliable guarantees for the formation of the labor market; fourthly, the establishment of the construction labor market is a key factor in the construction industry's development. The establishment of the labor market is the intrinsic requirement of the special nature of the construction industry, and classify the information according to these four points of view, so that you can deepen the understanding of the information, and further make the understanding of the organization and systematization.

The second, project classification method. That is, in accordance with certain attributes, the collection of information is categorized into items.

Third, the organization of the collected information on how to organize the collected information?

The process of organizing information is essentially a process of analyzing information, there are several aspects of work is indispensable.

First, analyze the applicability of the information. The basis for the selection of information can only be the author to clarify the central argument. What information can be used, what information can not be used, are based on this central thesis. After the thesis of the central thesis is determined, it is the command of all things, the information must be subordinate to the central thesis of the command. Can not be some of the information can not fully explain the problem to move for far-fetched interpretation, and can not be all the information into the article, making the article bloated and miscellaneous, the center is not prominent, expanding the length of the article. For example, the "urban renewal" and the relationship between gardening and landscaping a few questions, the author collected a large number of information about gardening and landscaping, but did not collect information on the relationship between urban construction and landscaping and landscaping, the information does not apply to the paper into the paper, resulting in the center of the paper has been diluted, reducing the quality of the paper.

The second is to identify the comprehensiveness of the information. If the material is not comprehensive, missing a certain aspect of the material, the thesis statement is often not satisfactory, not comprehensive, there will be bias, loopholes, or due to the lack of evidence is difficult to justify. To "discuss the factory director's system of responsibility and the democratic management of employees" as an example, because the author only collects the two rely on each other, promote each other's information, did not collect both the existence of contradictory information, the results of the article is only half, how to deal with the contradiction between the two this important aspect was omitted, greatly affecting the quality of the paper.

Third, to analyze the authenticity of the information. The information is directly related to the success or failure of the dissertation. Only from the real and reliable information can lead to scientific conclusions, in this regard, we should pay attention to: First, we must respect the objective reality, to avoid preconceived ideas, the choice of information can not be mixed with personal likes and dislikes and prejudice, can not distort the original objectivity of the information; Second, the choice of information should be rooted in the first hand information should be used to have a provenance, the selection of second-hand information must be carefully checked with the original literature in order to obtain the maximum accuracy; Third, the choice of information should be rooted in the first hand information should be used to have a history, the second hand information should be selected with original literature in order to seek Maximum accuracy; Third, the source of information to be identified, to clarify the original author's political attitude, life background, writing intentions, and to objectively analyze and evaluate the information in the social sciences should pay more attention to this point.

Fourth, to analyze whether the information is new. The so-called novelty of the information includes two meanings: on the one hand, it refers to the unprecedented, recent new things, new ideas, new discoveries, new directions. For example, the author of the article "shareholding cooperative economy," the author of the article, selected the newly emerged on the ground of China's rural shareholding cooperative economy in the new trends in the study. On the other hand, it refers to something that has existed for a long time, but people have not yet discovered its value, which is also novel information. For example, in the article "Experiment on the Cycle of Population and Economy", the relationship between population and economy has existed for a long time, and it is an objective fact that there are virtuous and vicious cycles between them, and that these two cycles will bring about two fundamentally different consequences, which were hardly recognized by the people before. It is now a novelty to use information on the two cycles to reveal the consequences of the two cycles and thus to clarify the importance of population control. Therefore, the so-called novelty not only requires the time when the information is produced (not too old), but more importantly, it is necessary to discover what others have not yet utilized from the generally common information. Fifth, to analyze the typicality of the information. The so-called typicality of the information means that this material is sufficiently representative of the rational understanding it confirms. In Engels' On Authority, three examples of spinning mills, railroads, and navigation were chosen as arguments. The first argument is elaborated in the greatest detail, the second in a more general way, and the third with just a light touch. Without more elaboration he makes the point: "On the one hand there is a certain authority, however created, and on the other a certain obedience, both of which, whatever the social organization, are necessary to us under the material conditions on which the production and circulation of products depend." The material is scanty, but it has the force of irrefutable logic. An important reason for this effect lies in the fact that the material is very well chosen and typical.

Methods and techniques for organizing thesis materials:

1.1 Widely collect and read

The problem posed by the thesis should be focused, but the collection of materials should be as wide as possible. Generally speaking, at least the following three aspects of knowledge, material preparation.

1) to reflect the object of the study itself a variety of specific features of the thematic material

Fully familiar with the object, is the correct understanding of the object of the indispensable prerequisite. In addition to a direct understanding of the object itself a variety of specific features (through all the works of the writers concerned, a variety of knowledge about the issue,......), but also to grasp all the social and historical conditions or spiritual and material factors that can affect the generation and development of the object of study change. Only by grasping these materials as comprehensively as possible. Research can be fully embodied in the "living soul" of Marxism - for the specific situation for specific analysis.

2) as a clear direction and ideological guidance of the theoretical preparations

The so-called scientific research, is through correct and rigorous analysis, generalization and abstraction, from the concrete things and phenomena to find out the essentiality and regularity of things. This work, in itself, should be guided by correct theories (professional theory and philosophical thought as a world view and methodology). The history of scientific practice and development also tells us that the conduct of a research work requires not only adequate specialized theories and knowledge, but preferably also a broad knowledge of theories and knowledge of other relevant disciplines. Through the interpenetration of theories and methods of different disciplines, mutual inspiration (for example, using a systematic approach to analyze the aesthetic characteristics and social functions of the artistic image; the introduction of fuzzy mathematical methods into the study of rhetoric), often better to bring new discoveries; new breakthroughs.

3) Others have already expressed their opinions on this issue

This material should be collected as much as possible. Other people have solved the problem, naturally do not have to spend effort to repeat the work; fully absorb the experience of others, or understand the focus of the difficulties encountered by others, the different points of view carefully compared to the study, can be less detour, but also to facilitate the discovery of the problem, as the art of war, as said, only "know yourself and know the enemy," in order to "The first step in the process is to make sure that you have a good idea of what you're doing.

1.2 Carefully organize, analyze

To make the material play a role, but also need to use the scientific point of view and methodology, under a number of analysis, organization of the work, remove the rough to extract the essence, to remove the false and keep the true, so that the material systematization, organization, can really help analysis, problem solving. Organize the material in the following forms:

1) made of literature, data catalog index. You can use the relevant ready-made materials (library, data room catalog cards and newspaper indexes, etc.), according to their own choice of topics to be prepared.

2) clippings, notes, digest cards. The collection and organization of this type of information, must strive to be clear. A detailed indication of the author of each piece of information, title, source, date of publication, the second to have a detailed and reasonable classification.

3) Chronology, chronology or translation chronology. Through the preparation of this type of material, you can strengthen the overall impression of the object of study, and help to deepen the study of a particular topic or aspect on the basis of the overall picture.

2 Methods and Techniques of Thesis Writing

2.1 The Structure of the Thesis

The structure of the thesis, there is no set pattern, from the general point of view, it can be divided into "Introduction", "Body", "Essay", "Essay", "Essay", "Essay", "Essay", "Essay", "Essay", "Essay", "Essay", "Essay" and "Essay". "Body" and "conclusion" three parts. The role of the introduction, mainly to explain the reasons for the selection of the topic, outlining the results of the previous and the remaining difficulties, disputes, this paper is to explore, to solve the problem; the body is the analysis, the process of argumentation; the conclusion is a summary of the results of the whole research statement. Some articles in the introduction before, there are subheadings directory and the full text of the content of the summary.

2.2 The role of the outline

The topic is formulated, the material is roughly ready, before writing the paper, you should carefully formulate an outline of the paper. The outline also has a process of repeated revisions and additions. When this step is done, the paper is largely in place. A well-developed outline helps to establish a holistic view, examining each part as a whole and considering the logical connections between the parts. The length of each part should be commensurate with its position and role in the overall picture, avoiding unnecessary repetition. Both to focus on, but also to take care of the whole.

2.3 To have a correct and varied research, analysis methods

Beginning academic essay writing, people are often prone to the problem of more generalization and less analysis. Either a list of material on the matter, or easy and simplistic conclusion, not good through a hierarchical, well-founded analysis, argumentation, and fully demonstrate the persuasive and profound ideas and perspectives. Here it is necessary to pay attention to the improvement and enhancement of the research method or analysis method. Generally speaking, there are the following kinds:

1) Philosophical method

This refers to how to according to the materialist discursive method for the understanding of the basic philosophical categories (phenomenon and essence, existence and movement, cause and effect ......), to correctly solve the ontology and general methodology of the specific research work (eg. , from recognizing the phenomenon of the object to recognizing the essence of the object).

2) historical approach

This is the approach that emphasizes respect for the historical specificity of the object itself. It requires research workers must be fully familiar with the actual process of the historical development of the objective object, possession of a large amount of information, from which to find out the characteristics of the objective object and its development regularity.

3) the method of logic

This is to require that we must correctly use formal logic and discursive logic revealed about the general laws of people's thinking (concept, judgment, reasoning, analysis and synthesis, concrete and abstract ......), the various phenomena of the objective object of logical analysis, to seek regular links between them, and use the theoretical method to analyze the phenomena of the objective object. The regularity of the connection between them, and embodied in the form of theory.

4) The method of hypothesis

The so-called hypothesis is not a random fantasy and lucky guess, but based on certain empirical facts, based on certain scientific theories, with the help of the researcher's active associations or intuitive feelings, puts forward a prescient, yet to continue to verify the new point of view. Although they can not be called scientific conclusions, but is often the germ of new ideas, new theories.

The correct acquisition of scientific research results is often another country and the use of the above methods in close conjunction.

2.4 The way to cite the material

The material is the flesh and blood of the article. However, improper citation and unclear explanation will also affect the quality of the article. There are several ways to cite materials:

1) complete quote. Record the original sentence or paragraph, can not be arbitrarily deleted or add other content. Before and after the quotation marks. If the citation into a separate paragraph, each line than the other text back two spaces.

2) summarize the quote. Use the author's own language to quote the original meaning of the paraphrase. Before and after without quotation marks, but also without other formats or symbols to highlight.

3) analyze the quote. The content of the quotation is broken up, broken down, and the author of the paper's own analysis of the text of the natural blend together. This prevents too many separate citations from cumbersome or detracting from the unity of style.

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