What is "atheism"? What is "theism"? What is the difference between the two? I would like to see a more detailed answer with the source of the information, indicating the source.

(1) What is "atheism"?

Baidu's basic explanation: Atheism is a theory that denies the existence of gods, ghosts, superstitions, and religious theories. Atheism is a philosophy that believes that gods or souls do not exist. Historical atheism has generally advocated reason and science, against . Against ignorance and blind worship, against . Against materialism, against . The spiritual bondage of traditional religions, eulogizing the dignity of man and the freedom of . The materialists, in general, are at the same time. Generally speaking, materialists are also atheists. By atheism today, people generally mean the complete denial of any supernatural, or the existence of a soul that has nothing to do with the physical body. . soul that has nothing to do with the body.

Online Xinhua Dictionary basic explanation: atheism, the denial of all religious beliefs and the doctrine of the existence of ghosts and gods; anti. The view that there is a god outside the material world and that it dominates all things in the world and the fate of mankind. Its theoretical basis is materialism. Ma. K. Theism reveals. The secret of the emergence and development of religious theism has been revealed, and a scientific explanation has been given of the nature of religion, its roots and the way of its demise. It has given a scientific explanation of the nature, roots and ways of extinction of religion.

(2) What is "theism"?

"Baidu Encyclopedia" basic explanation: ① Western theism (theiSΜ) word from the Greek "theos" that is, "God" means; refers to the discussion of the doctrine of God. The thesis of God. Due to differences in the interpretation and understanding of God, the theiSΜ term is derived from the Greek word "theos" meaning "God"; it refers to the discussion of the doctrine of God. Christianity and Islam. The "theos" in the thinking of the Christians and Muslims is the word "theos". Theos" in the thinking of the Christians and Muslims no longer refers to the gods of the ancient Greek era, but to the "Theos" of the One Creator. The Chinese word "theos", according to the Shuowen Jiezi, means "the one who brings forth all things from heaven", which is quite similar to theism. However, the evolution of later generations has made the meaning of "sky god" and "god" very different: some people think that the "five emperors" and the sun, moon and stars are "sky god"; the "Book of Rites" has a very different meaning from that of "god". "; "Ritual" ritual law chapter that "mountains, forests, rivers and valleys, Yue Ling, can be out of the clouds, for the wind and rain, to see the monster, are said to be God"; "Chu Shi" said that after death for God; "the Department of the word" said "yin and yang unpredictable for God". The word "theism" refers to this meaning.

Online Xinhua Dictionary Basic explanation: the doctrine that there is a supernatural God outside the material world. It is the theoretical basis of all religions and theological doctrines. The theoretical basis of all religious and theological doctrines. Generally in the formation of clans and tribes appeared the idea of God. Primitive societies. The gods of primitive societies were many and varied, and the gods of slave . The gods of primitive societies were many and varied, and slave societies. In the case of slave societies, there was the formation of monotheistic religions.

(3) The Emergence of Atheistic Thought in China

From the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the early Spring and Autumn Period, the slave. The system of slavery underwent a profound crisis .

From the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period, the system of slavery experienced a profound crisis. The system of slavery began to change into feudalism. In this turbulent. Under these historical conditions of turmoil and change, people became more disrespectful to the emperor of heaven, did not believe in ghosts and gods, and valued human resources, thus forming the atheistic thinking from the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the early Spring and Autumn Period. The tide of atheism.

①Disrespect for the Emperor of Heaven. The poem "The Enslaved" is preserved in the Book of Songs. The people did not respect the Emperor of Heaven, and naturally they did not believe in the providence of Heaven.

②Disbelief in ghosts and gods. People piously begged the gods for rain, but the Almighty God did not come down either. The kuibi for sacrifices were exhausted, yet not a single god came to hear the pleas of the people who used them. The superstitious belief in divination and the fear of ghosts and gods were almost the axis of the ideology of Yin and Zhou. But by the end of the Western Week and the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period, this ideology began to break down.

3 emphasis on personnel. During the Western Zhou period, there arose the denial of the sovereignty of the gods, put forward the idea of human-oriented, emphasizing the role of human beings. An important element of atheistic thought is the denial of the role of the gods and the affirmation of the role of human beings. The idea of emphasizing the role of human beings instead of ghosts and gods, the idea of the people's will, and the emphasis on human beings are a blow to theism, which played a positive role in the promotion of the ideological liberation. The idea of "theism" is a blow to theism, and plays a positive role in promoting ideological liberalization.

(4) Outstanding Atheists in China

There were many outstanding atheists in China in various periods. In the pre-Qin period there were such famous atheists as Xunzi and Han Fei.

Philosophically speaking, Xunzi was a simple materialist. In terms of the relationship between heaven and man, Xunzi was against . On the relationship between heaven and man, Xunzi opposed the superstition of heavenly orders, ghosts and gods, and affirmed that "there is a constant in heaven, not for Yao to survive, not for Jie to perish," that is, the laws of nature do not shift by people's consciousness, and advocated that "the heavenly and human beings are divided into two parts," and believed that heaven has "heavenly duties" and man has "heavenly duties". "and people have" human "points", put forward the "system of heaven and use it", "should be made to" the idea of people to win the day. It not only explains the irresistible nature of laws, but also emphasizes the need to give full play to the subjective initiative of human beings. Han Fei developed Xunzi's atheism, and on the basis of denying the existence of ghosts and gods, he further countered. In addition to denying the existence of ghosts and gods, Han Fei further opposed the "establishment of a religion based on the way of the gods".

Wang Chong of the Eastern Han Dynasty criticized the prophecies of the prophecy of heaven and man on the basis of the materialistic view of nature, and criticized the materialistic theory of the form and the spirit on the basis of the materialistic view of nature. On the basis of the materialistic view of nature, Wang Chong criticized the prophetic theology of heaven and man, and on the basis of the materialistic view of form and god, he denied the religious superstitions such as human death as ghost. He established the most systematic and complete atheistic system in ancient China. He established the most systematic and complete atheistic system in ancient China.

Fan Jian of the North and South Dynasties argued in depth and in detail that the materialist theory of the extinction of the gods was the same as that of the gods, and that the materialist theory of the extinction of the gods was the same as that of the gods. He also criticized the Buddhist theory of the indestructibility of God, which was supported by the ruling body of the time.

Zhang Zai of the Song Dynasty, Wang Tingxiang of the Ming Dynasty, and Wang Fuzhi, Xiong Bolong, and Wang Qingren of the Qing Dynasty all criticized religious superstition. Qingren and others all criticized religious superstition, deepening and developing atheistic thought. The modern bourgeoisie . The modern bourgeoisie. The modern bourgeois democrats absorbed the Western enlightenment and natural science, and put the anti . . against religious theism and the traditional theology of providence. The fight against religious theism and traditional theology of providence. The struggle against religious theism and the traditional theology of providence was combined with the struggle against... against feudalism and authoritarianism. Theocratic Democratic Reform. The idea of "reforming heaven" was put forward. The idea that only by breaking the religion can all beings be made equal and the idea of "reforming heaven" was put forward, which demonstrated the fighting tradition of atheism and developed Chinese atheism to a new height.

(5) The emergence of Western atheistic thought

Western atheistic thought emerged from the materialistic philosophy of ancient Greece. Enlightenment thinkers in ancient Greece opposed . . against traditional religion and put forward a materialist worldview and Enlightenment atheism.

(vi) Ma. K. S. scientific atheism

Ma. K. Civism's previous atheism and the atheistic ideas in modern Western philosophy in the fight against . Religion, the elimination of superstition, the liberation of . Atheism and modern Western philosophy have played a positive role in opposing religion, breaking down superstition, liberating the mind, recognizing nature, and understanding life, but due to their historical and class . However, due to their historical and hierarchical limitations and their idealism in the social and historical outlook of society, they have not been able to realize the importance of religion. However, due to their historical and hierarchical limitations and idealism in social and historical outlook, none of them can scientifically explain the nature of religion and the social roots of its emergence and existence, or point out the reasons for overcoming it. They cannot point out the way to overcome religion. Only Ma. K. Marxist atheism scientifically answers these questions. Ma. K. C. and Engels started from Feuerbach's view of man's alienation from the religious world and further explored the social . social basis for the emergence of religion. They found that religion, as an inverted worldview, arose from the fact that there was an inverted world behind it, i.e., a society in which man exploits man and man oppresses . The society of man's exploitation of man and man's oppression of man is the root of religion as an inverted worldview. Society. They pointed out that religious alienation cannot be overcome by mere criticism of religion, but only by the further elimination of the social system that produces religious alienation. They pointed out that mere criticism of religion could not overcome religious alienation, but could only further eliminate the social system. Only by further eliminating the social system and social conditions that produce religious alienation can religious alienation be overcome. Only by further eliminating the social system and social conditions that produce religious alienation is it possible to overcome religious alienation. Thus, Ma. Marx. Marx and Engels moved from a critique of religion to a critique of politics. . to a critique of politics, law, and society. . to the critique of politics, law, and society, and from the rationalist atheism of the Enlightenment to the scientific atheism of dialectical materialism and historical materialism. Lenin Lenin fully inherited and developed Ma. Lenin fully inherited and developed the religious views of Marx and Engels. Marx and Engels' view of religion, and accordingly developed a new conception of religion for Ma. Lenin fully inherited and developed the religious views of Marx and Engels, and accordingly formulated a whole set of principles for the Marxist parties. Lenin comprehensively inherited and developed the views of Marx and Engels on religion, and accordingly formulated for the Marxist party a whole set of lines and policies for dealing with religion. The The Marxist and Engels views on religion were used to formulate a set of lines and policies on religion for Marxist parties. Marxism. The scientific atheism of Marxism is a scientific summary of the best achievements of various atheistic systems throughout history. The scientific atheism of Marxism is a scientific summary of the outstanding achievements of various atheistic systems throughout history.

(7) What is the difference between "atheism" and "theism"?

The differences have been elaborated at some length above. In short, atheism is materialistic and scientifically rational! Theism, on the other hand, is idealistic and superstitious!

(viii) The future is the age of scientific atheism! And ignorant theism will completely die out. . die out!

(Reference from Baidu Encyclopedia)