General Knowledge of Sichuan Opera

1. General Knowledge of Sichuan Opera

Sichuan Opera consists of four major vocal styles, namely Gaoqiang, Kunqiang, Huqin, and Weakqiang, plus a kind of folk lantern opera in the province. These five types, except for the lantern opera, were introduced to Sichuan from the end of the Ming Dynasty to the middle of the Qing Dynasty, successively by foreign opera troupes.

In order to distinguish it from other foreign styles such as Peking Opera and Han Opera, which were popular in Sichuan, this unified form of opera was called "Sichuan Opera", which was later renamed "Sichuan Opera".

Besides "Jing, Liu, Bai and Killing", the repertoire includes "Five Robes", "Four Pillars", "Eighteen Books", "Jianghu" and "Chuanju". There are also the "Four Great Ben Tou" recognized in Sichuan Opera. The music of the five voices of Sichuan opera, Kun, Gao, Hu, Bomb, and Deng, all have their own characteristics.

Sichuan opera uses more than 20 kinds of musical instruments***, commonly used for the small drums, drums, gongs, cymbals, gongs (and hinges), collectively referred to as the "five parties", plus strings, suona for the six parties, commanded by the small drums.

The six major categories of Sichuan Opera are Sheng, Dan, Jing, Mou, Chou, and Miscellaneous.

Due to the different popularity of the various voices in different areas, the artists of the different masters, about the same period in the Qing Dynasty and the Guangxu years, and gradually formed a number of schools. In these schools, in addition to the Dan line Run (Hua Xian) school, ugly line Fu (San Qian) school, Cao (Junchen, Wusheng, Wushu, with "Cao Da Wang" praise) school, such as the outstanding artists called school, the main river (that is, the popular area) is divided into the West Sichuan school, Ziyang River school, the north of the Sichuan school, the east of the Sichuan school and so on the four schools. Sichuan Opera not only has many lines and schools, but also has many wonderful stunts such as lifting, opening the eyes, changing faces, drilling fire rings, hiding knives, etc., and is good at using stunts to create characters, which is breathtaking.

2. General Knowledge of Sichuan Opera

Sichuan Opera is composed of four major voices, namely Gaoqiang, Kunqiang, Huqin, and Weakqiang, plus a kind of folk theater in the province.

These five types, except for the lantern opera, were introduced to Sichuan from the end of the Ming Dynasty to the middle of the Qing Dynasty, successively by foreign opera groups. In order to distinguish it from other foreign styles such as Peking Opera and Han Opera, which were popular in Sichuan, this unified form of opera was called "Sichuan Opera", which was later renamed "Sichuan Opera".

Besides "Jing, Liu, Worship and Killing", the repertoire includes "Five Robes", "Four Pillars", "Eighteen Books", "Jianghu" and "Chuanju". There are also the "Four Great Ben Tou" recognized in Sichuan Opera. The music of the five voices of Sichuan opera, Kun, Gao, Hu, Bomb, and Deng, all have their own characteristics.

Sichuan opera uses more than 20 kinds of musical instruments***, commonly used for the small drums, drums, gongs, cymbals, gongs (and hinges), collectively referred to as the "five parties", plus strings, suona for the six parties, commanded by the small drums. In general, Sichuan Opera is divided into six categories: Sheng, Dan, Jing, Mou, Chou, and Miscellaneous.

Due to the different popularity of the various voices in different areas, the artists of the different masters, about the same period in the Qing Dynasty and the Guangxu years, and gradually formed a number of schools. In these schools, in addition to the Dan line Raccoon (Flower Fairy) school, ugly line Fu (San Qian) school, Cao (Junchen, Wu Sheng, Wu Clown, "Cao Dawang" praise) school, such as the outstanding artists known as the school, the main river (that is, the popular area) is divided into the West Sichuan school, the Ziyang River school, the north of the school, the east of the school and so on the four schools.

Sichuan Opera not only has many trades and schools, but also has many wonderful stunts such as lifting, opening the eyes of the wise, changing faces, drilling fire rings, hiding knives, etc., and is good at using stunts to create characters, which is breathtaking.

3. Knowledge of Sichuan Opera

Sichuan Opera, one of the traditional Chinese opera genres, is popular in east-central Sichuan, Chongqing and parts of Guizhou and Yunnan.

Sichuan opera face painting is an important part of the performing art of Sichuan opera, and it is an artistic treasure created and inherited by successive generations of Sichuan opera artists***. Sichuan Opera consists of five kinds of vocal cadences: kunqu, gaoqiang, huqin, playing theater, and lamp tone.

Sichuan Opera is divided into five lines: Wensheng, Danjiao, Shengjiao, Huafang, and Choujiao, each of which has its own self-contained system of gongfa procedures, and the performances of Wensheng, Choujiao, and Danjiao are the most distinctive ones. They have made many outstanding creations in terms of theatrical expression and performance techniques, which fully reflect the aesthetic characteristics of the Chinese Opera in that they are based on the illusion of the real and the imaginary, and on the writing of the meaning of the remains of the form. On May 20, 2006, Sichuan opera was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

4. Some knowledge of Sichuan Opera

The origin of Sichuan Opera can be traced back to the pre-Qin period and even earlier, and then the two Han Dynasty's Jiaozhi Hundred Operas, which laid the foundation for early Sichuan Opera.

In the famous Warring States period, Song Yu's question to the King of Chu reads, "The people of Lower China are thousands of people in the country who belong to the country and the people who are in harmony with them. The so-called "lower Ba Ren", that is, the Sichuan folk song and dance or singer-dancer pronouns.

According to "Taiping Guangji" and "compilation of barnyard history" and other documents, since the Shu county magistrate Li Bing, there will be "bullfighting" theater. During the Three Kingdoms period, there was the first satirical comedy in Sichuan, "Wrath", which can be called the ancestor of Sichuan opera comedy.

During the Tang and Five Dynasties period, Sichuan opera was at its peak, with the situation of "Shu skill championing the world". During this period of time, the plays that were often performed were Liu Pi Chui Buying, Mai Xiu Liangqi, and Goukou Shen.

And appeared in the history of Chinese opera so far the earliest troupe, that is, the "Youyang Miscellany Chopper" contained in the Gan Manchuan, Bai Jia, Ye Si, Zhang Mei and Zhang Ao five people composed of the troupe. From the "bullfighting" play to the Song miscellaneous plays "wine, color and wealth", over a period of more than a thousand years, they are authentic "Sichuan opera", which can be regarded as a broad sense of Sichuan opera.

And the modern sense of Sichuan opera, it should be said that in the Song and Yuan South opera, Sichuan opera, Yuan miscellaneous plays on the basis of the "Sichuan opera" began in the Ming Dynasty. To the Qing Dynasty, Sichuan opera by the Kunqu, Gaoqiang, Huqin, play and lamp play five different kinds of voice miscellaneous, the late Qing Dynasty, there were five **** and the new situation, so that the face of the Sichuan opera for a new, various types of voice characteristics of the repertoire and retention of the repertoire began to take shape.

Subsequently, the Sichuan opera improvement movement, the establishment of the "Opera Improvement Association", funded the construction of the "Yuelai Tea Garden (now the former site of the Jinjiang Theatre)", "Shu Theatre Department" and other performances. The "Sichuan Opera Association" collected funds to build the "Yuelai Tea Garden" and the "Shu Opera Department". As a result, the Sichuan Opera artists themselves organized the "Three Celebrations" was established in 1912, and now there are a large number of famous actors such as Kang Zilin, Yang Sulan, Xiao Kai Chen, and so on, and the elite of more than 300 people.

The creation of a large number of famous actors such as Zhao Xi's "Love Detective", Huang Ji'an's "three loyal", "Chai Shi Festival", and so on, with a popular repertoire of more than 700 plays. Since the 20th century, although also appeared to Liu Huaisu as the representative of the "Sichuan opera creators" created by the modern theater, but the country is in a dark period, Sichuan opera also began to decline; after the founding of the country, in the party and the new China's support, Sichuan opera began to rejuvenate the art of youth, re-entered its own "golden age! After the founding of the People's Republic of China, under the support of the Party and the new China, Sichuan opera began to rejuvenate its art and re-enter its "golden age".

Sichuan opera is a glorious pearl in the treasure trove of Chinese opera. It has a long history and has preserved many excellent traditional repertoire, rich music and superb performing arts.

It is a national folk art popular among the people of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and other southwestern provinces. In terms of the vocal cadences of the opera, Sichuan Opera is composed of four major vocal cadences, namely, Gaoqiang, Kunqiang, Huqin, and Weak Cavity, as well as a kind of folk light opera in the province.

These five types of opera, in addition to the lantern opera, are from the end of the Ming Dynasty to the middle of the Qing Dynasty, successively by the provincial opera troupe into Sichuan. Sichuan opera, a major feature of Sichuan culture, Chengdu is the hometown of theater.

As early as in the Tang Dynasty, there is a "Shu opera champion of the world". During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, on the basis of the local lantern theater, absorbing and integrating the voices of Suzhou, Gan, Anhui, Ezhou, Shaanxi and Gan, forming the "Sichuan opera" sung in Sichuan with five voices, including Gaoqiang, Huqin, Kunqiang, Lantern Opera and Bomb Opera.

Among them, Sichuan Opera has a rich repertoire of high-cavity songs, which are beautifully sung and have the most local characteristics, and are the main form of singing in Sichuan Opera. Sichuan Opera is the main form of singing. Sichuan Opera is sung by the leader, the chorus, the chorus, the backing singers, the re-singers, and so on, which is meaningful and fascinating.

The language of Sichuan Opera is lively, humorous, full of distinctive local colors, rich flavor of life and a wide range of people. There are hundreds of plays commonly performed on the stage, with singing, acting, reading and playing, humor, instrumental music, "face changing", "fire-breathing", "water-sleeve", and a unique style. In addition, the programmed movements of the play imply an inexhaustible flavor. ...... Sichuan Opera is loved by the world and has traveled far and wide to spread all over the world.

The famous Sichuan opera "The Legend of the White Snake - Jinshan Temple" has been widely circulated at home and abroad. Provinces into the Sichuan Kun cavity, high cavity, huqin cavity (Pihuang), play opera and Sichuan folk lamp play five kinds of vocal art, are alone in Sichuan performances, the Qing Dynasty Qianlong period (1736-1795), due to the five kinds of vocal art often performed on the same stage, gradually over time to form the same style of the ****, the end of the Qing Dynasty collectively referred to as the "Sichuan Opera In the late Qing Dynasty, they were collectively called "Chuan Opera", which was later renamed "Chuan Opera".

Gao, Kun, Hu, and Bomb Light in the process of fusion into a unified Sichuan opera, each has its own situation. The Kun Opera, which originated in Jiangsu, flowed into Sichuan and evolved into the "Sichuan Kun" with local characteristics.

Gaoqiang, the main position in the Sichuan opera. Originating from Jiangxi Yiyang cavity, the late Ming and early Qing dynasties have flowed into Sichuan, Chu, Shu, known as the "Qing opera".

On the basis of maintaining the tradition of "singing with one person and all the people, and there are also tight plate, slow plate", and a lot of nutrition from the Sichuan rice-planting songs, trumpets, sacred songs, and even ringing, enrichment and development of the "gang, playing, singing" closely integrated features, forming a local characteristics of Sichuan Gaoqiang. It is also rich and developed by the combination of "gang, beat and sing", forming the Sichuan High Cavity with local characteristics. The huqin accent, also known as "silk string", originated from the Hui and Han tunes, and absorbed the components of "Hanzhong Erhuang" from Shaanxi, and was successively combined with the Sichuan dialect and the Sichuan Opera gongs and drums through the "Doing and Singing of Huqin" and stage performances. The combination of "singing Huqin" and stage performance with Sichuan dialect and Sichuan opera gongs and drums has brought about many changes in the accent and music, forming a Huqin accent with Sichuan flavor.

Playing theater, that is, chaotic bomb, also known as "cover plate", "Sichuan Bang Bang", because the cover plate Huqin as the main playing instrument and the clapper to beat the section of the name, which originated in Shaanxi Qinqiang with the State Bang Bang. After the Qinqiang into Sichuan, and the northern Sichuan lamp play, high cavity long-term **** place, mutual integration, and the use of the Sichuan language, it gradually formed a unique style of Sichuan Bangkok - play opera.

The above four foreign vocal art in Sichuan in the process of popularization, successively with the Sichuan speech and the masses to appreciate the combination of habits, and gradually evolved into the later Sichuan opera Kun, high, hu, play, lamp five kinds of vocal cavity. Sichuan opera is a major feature of Sichuan culture.

Chengdu, is the hometown of theater. As early as in the Tang Dynasty, there is "Shu theater champion of the world" said.

In the Qing Dynasty, during the Qianlong period, on the basis of the local lantern theater, absorbing and integrating the voices of Suzhou, Gan, Anhui, Hubei, Shaanxi, and Gan, forming the "Sichuan Opera" sung in Sichuan with five voices, including Gaoqiang, Huqin, Kunqiang, Lantern Opera, and Bomb Opera. Among them, Sichuan Opera has a rich repertoire of high-cavity songs with beautiful and touching voices and the most local characteristics, which is the main form of singing in Sichuan Opera.

Sichuan Opera is sung by a group of singers who lead, sing together, sing in chorus, sing along, and sing in repetition, which is meaningful and fascinating. The language of Sichuan opera is lively and humorous, full of distinctive local colors, rich life atmosphere and a wide range of the masses.

Commonly used in dance.

5. Knowledge of Sichuan Opera

Sichuan Opera, one of the traditional Chinese opera genres, is popular in east-central Sichuan, Chongqing and parts of Guizhou and Yunnan.

Sichuan opera face painting is an important part of the performing art of Sichuan opera, and it is an artistic treasure created and inherited by successive generations of Sichuan opera artists***. Sichuan Opera consists of five kinds of vocal cadences: kunqu, gaoqiang, huqin, playing theater, and lamp tone.

Sichuan Opera is divided into five lines: Wensheng, Danjiao, Shengjiao, Huafang, and Choujiao, each of which has its own self-contained system of gongfa procedures, and the performances of Wensheng, Choujiao, and Danjiao are the most distinctive ones. They have made many outstanding creations in terms of theatrical expression and performance techniques, which fully reflect the aesthetic characteristics of the Chinese Opera in that they are based on the illusion of the real and the imaginary, and on the writing of the meaning of the remains of the form. On May 20, 2006, Sichuan opera was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

6. Please help me find the general knowledge of Sichuan Opera

Sichuan Opera is a glorious pearl in the treasure house of Chinese opera.

It has a long history and has preserved a lot of excellent traditional repertoire, as well as rich musical scores and superb performing arts. It is a national folk art popular among the people of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and other southwestern provinces.

In terms of the vocal cavity of the opera, Sichuan Opera is composed of four major vocal cavities such as Gao Cavity, Kun Cavity, Huqin Cavity, and Weak Cavity, plus a kind of folk lantern opera in the province. These five types of opera, except for the lantern opera, were introduced to Sichuan from the end of the Ming Dynasty to the middle of the Qing Dynasty, successively by foreign opera troupes.

The foreign opera troupes originally performed separately, but later, because of Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other provinces in Sichuan, every year in the performance of the province to perform the opera, in order to see the other good theater at the same time, and therefore also invited the other troupes of other voices to perform on the same stage. This same performance, not only to meet the requirements of the audience, and prompted several kinds of voice theater troupe artists have the opportunity to observe each other, learning.

Coupled with the late Qing Dynasty, Chengdu, Chongqing and other large and medium-sized cities, a number of new more formal theater (then called "tea garden", "theater"), high, Kun, Hu, play, light and other types of theater classes, have from the countryside into the big city! Joint operations and performances on the same stage, thus increasing and enhancing the artistic exchanges between the various types of theater classes, they actively teach and learn from each other for the sake of life and the development of their art, boldly absorbing the repertoire of different genres and singing methods, techniques, and experimental performances, and so on. After a certain period of practice, in some theater, several voices will be the first in the language, and then is the performance, music and stage art, etc., and gradually merged in a unified art category, formed a **** the same artistic style.

In order to distinguish it from other foreign styles such as Peking Opera and Han Opera, which are popular in Sichuan, this unified form of opera is called "Sichuan Opera", later renamed "Sichuan Opera". The repertoire of Sichuan opera is very rich, there is a "Tang three thousand, Song eight hundred, can not count the three countries" said.

The repertoire collected by the Sichuan Provincial Sichuan Theater and the Sichuan Opera Art Research Institute is about 2,000 plays. There are about one thousand scripts recorded.

Between 1955 and 1957, the Sichuan Opera circles in Chengdu and Chongqing, the collected plays were appraised and performed, and four hundred traditional plays were performed. In addition to "Jing, Liu, Worship and Killing", there were "Five Robes", "Four Pillars", "Eighteen Books of Jianghu", "Eighteen Pieces" and "Eighteen Pieces" belonging to the high-cavity system. "There are also the "Four Great Heads" recognized in Sichuan Opera.

The music of the five voices of Sichuan Opera, Kun, Gao, Hu, Bomb, and Deng, each has its own characteristics. The gongs and drums of Sichuan opera are an important part of the music of Sichuan opera.

The use of musical instruments *** there are more than 20 kinds, commonly used for the small drums, drums, gongs, cymbals, gongs (and hinges), collectively referred to as the "five parties", plus strings, suona for the six parties, commanded by the small drum. This is a lightweight band that performs in the countryside.

There are about 300 gongs and drums. "Acting like a dragon is like a dragon, acting like a tiger is like a tiger", a phrase describing and demanding the performance of Sichuan opera, has been passed down from generation to generation among Sichuan opera performers.

Sichuan opera performances have a deep tradition of realism, and at the same time use a lot of artistic exaggeration, the performance is real, delicate, beautiful and moving. There are many rich artistic images on the stage of Sichuan Opera, and it is also related to the fine division of its trades and professions.

In general, Sichuan Opera is divided into six categories: Sheng, Dan, Jingshi, Mou, Chou, and Miscellaneous. In the long process of development of Sichuan opera, due to the different popularity of the various voices in different areas, the artists of the different masters, about the same period in the Qing Dynasty and the Guangxu period, and gradually formed a number of genres.

In these schools, in addition to the Dan line Run (Hua Xian) school, ugly line Fu (San Qian) school, Cao (Junchen, Wu Sheng, Wu Clown, with "Cao Dawang" praise) school, such as the outstanding artists known as the school, the main river (that is, the popular area) is divided into the West Sichuan school, Ziyang River school, the north of the school, the east of the school and so on the school of the school of the school of the school of the school of the school of the school of the school of the school of the school of the school of the west. Sichuan opera not only has many lines and schools, but also has many wonderful stunts.

For example, the White Lady and Xiaoqing's "lifting" in "Water Flooding San Francisco", Xiao Fang's hidden knife in "Fighting Red Rock", and Le Yangzi's several face changes in "Ruling Zhongshan".

7. Who knows some of the knowledge of Sichuan opera, introduction

Genre of Sichuan opera due to the popularity of the various voice regions and artists division relationship, and gradually formed a number of genres.

In these schools, in addition to the Dan line Ruan (Hua Xian) school, ugly line Fu (San Qian) school, Cao (Junchen) school and other outstanding artists called school, the main is according to the popularity of the region is divided into four factions: First, the "Western Sichuan school," including the Chengdu as the center of the Wenjiang region of the counties, the huqin is the main, the formation of unique "bei tune" and the "bei tune. "The second is the "Ziyang River School", including Zigong and Neijiang districts and counties, which is characterized by a high cadence and the most rigorous artistic style; the third is the "Northern Sichuan School", including Nanchong and some parts of Mianyang, which is characterized by singing and playing. Third, the "North Sichuan School", including Nanchong and Mianyang, part of the region, mainly singing pop opera, by the influence of Qinqiang school more; Fourth, the "East Sichuan School", including Chongqing as the center of the eastern part of Sichuan, Chongqing for the commercial center of Sichuan, to perform in this foreign theater a lot. Characterized by a variety of theater, vocal diversity.

The repertoire of Sichuan opera repertoire, as early as "Tang three thousand, Song 800, can not be counted in the three countries," said. Among them, the high-cavity part of the heritage is the richest, and the artistic characteristics are also the most significant, the traditional repertoire of "five robes" ("Green Robe", "Yellow Robe", "White Robe", "Red Robe", "Green Robe"), "four pillars" ("Touch the sky column", "Crystal Pillar", "Cannon Branding Pillar", "Pillar"). The "Four Pillars" ("Touching the Sky Pillar", "Crystal Pillar", "Cannon Branding Pillar", "Five Elements Pillar"), as well as the "Eighteen Pillars of the Jianghu Lake", etc., and the "Four Great Pillars" ("Pipa Pieces", "Golden Seal Pieces", "Red Plum Pieces", and "Throwing Notes") recognized by the Chuan Opera industry, and many of which have been lost in other styles of plays.

After 1949, a number of excellent Sichuan opera repertoires appeared after finishing, such as The Tale of the Willow Shade, The Tale of the Jade Hairpin, and The Tale of the Colorful Building. The performing art of Sichuan Opera has a deep foundation of life and forms a set of perfect performing programs. The scripts have high literary value, and the performances are true and delicate, humorous and witty, with a strong sense of life, which are loved by the masses.

Some actors have also created a number of stunts, such as lifting, opening the eyes of wisdom, changing faces, drilling fire rings, hiding knives, etc., good use of stunts to create characters, breathtaking. At the end of the Ming and early Qing dynasties, due to the immigrants from all over the world into Sichuan, as well as the successive establishment of local guilds, resulting in a variety of northern and southern vocal crescendo theater has also been spread all over Sichuan, and in the long-term development of derivation, and the Sichuan dialect and local language, folk customs, folk music, dance, rap and opera, folk songs and ditties, and the fusion, and gradually formed the Sichuan characteristics of the art of the vocal crescendo, which has contributed to the development of the local theater in Sichuan - the Sichuan Opera. --The development of Sichuan Opera.

Artistic characteristics of special techniques - face-changing Sichuan opera performances are rich in life, lively, funny and humorous, in order to better portray the characters, Sichuan opera artists created a face-changing, hiding the knife, drilling the fire circle, open the eyes of the wisdom and many other stunts, performances, hot and lively, novel and interesting, forming a major feature of the Sichuan opera. Face-changing is one of the special techniques of Sichuan opera performance art.

It is a romantic expression of the inner thoughts and feelings of the characters in the play. The methods of face changing are roughly categorized into three - face wiping, face blowing and face pulling.

Wiping the face: the oil paint on a specific part of the face, when the time to use the hand to the face of a wipe, you can become another kind of face. If you want to change all of them, the oil paint is applied on the forehead or eyebrows, and if you only change the lower half of the face, the oil paint can be applied on the face or nose.

Blow face: only suitable for powdered cosmetics, such as gold dust, toner, silver powder, etc., the actor will be placed in the powdered cosmetics in a specific position on the stage in the container or the characters used in the wine cups and other vessels, the actor to do a crouch or other specific dance movements, take the opportunity to put the face close to the vessel, eyes closed, closed, blowing with the mouth, the powder pounced on the face, immediately turned into another color of the face! . Pulling the face: a more complex method of changing face.

It is beforehand the face painted on a sheet of silk, cut, each face is tied a silk thread. And then one by one, a number of sheets of masks stacked together on the face, each mask has a specific silk thread, the silk thread is tied in the clothes of a smooth and unobtrusive place, with the needs of the performance, under the cover of the dance movement, and then one by one quickly pulled down.

This method is skillful, clean and sharp. Mask face, is the actor according to the actual needs of different faces drawn in advance to wood, paper, cloth, silk, rubber and other different materials, that is, the face shell to cast a change.

Such as the Sichuan opera "face" in the water drift, "live to capture the Sanlang" in the Yan Shijiao and other characters of the face is used in this way. Beard, beard changes have the following two: change nothing into something, the actor changes God rapid, even faster than the face change.

To make a kind of black into white. In the Sichuan opera Wen Zhao Guan, Wu Zhuan defected to the state of Wu and fled to Zhao Guan, where his portrait was hung at the entrance in order to catch him.

Wu Zhi went to the hermit Donggao Gong's house to take refuge, because of the inner worry, overnight all white hair. The guards captured Huang Fu Na by mistake, and Wu Wen was able to leave the gate.

The opera consists of five voices: Kunqu, Gaoqiang, Huqin, Playing Opera, and Dengtong. Among them, in addition to the lantern tune system originated from the local, the rest are imported from abroad.

These five voices and the five voices accompanied by gongs and drums, suona songs and music forms such as qin and flute music. The music of Sichuan Opera is a combination of many different styles of music, including the absorption of the nutrients of the major vocal systems of the national opera, and the integration of the local language, sound and music of Sichuan, resulting in a variety of forms, a rich repertoire of songs, a rigorous structure, and a very different style of music of the local opera.

Gaoqiang Gaoqiang is one of the most important voices in Sichuan Opera, which was introduced to Sichuan from overseas in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. After the introduction of Gaoqiang to Sichuan, it was combined with Sichuan dialect, folk songs, labor songs, and hair raps, etc., and gradually formed the vocal music with local characteristics after several processing and refining.

Sichuan Opera High Cavity is a music with a large number of songs and complex forms. Its structure can basically be summarized as follows: starting cavity, column, singing, and sweeping.

Gaoqiang has a large repertoire, a wide range of subjects, and adapts to a variety of word formats. The most important feature of the Gaoqiang is the dry singing without instrumental accompaniment, which is the so-called "one-sing, many-song" form of singing in the form of a song, which is sung by the help of the singers.

The gongs and drums are composed in this way. Some of the songs have more helpers than singers, some of them are basically all helpers, and some of them only have helpers in the first and last two lines, and the specific form is decided by the play.

Sichuan opera retains the excellent tradition of the southern and northern quartets, and it has both high and lyrical singing tunes. Kun Cavity Kun Cavity more literati work, the word white elegant, strict rules and regulations, singing, especially pay attention to the word is round, coupled with the twists and turns of the song, the rhythm of slow, and now has been gradually declining.

Sichuan Kun from Sukun, Sichuan opera artists.

8. What is the most famous skill in Sichuan opera

The most famous skill in Sichuan opera is face changing.

So the Sichuan Opera face painting is an important part of the performing art of Sichuan Opera, which is a treasure passed down from generations of Sichuan Opera artists. Before the staging of Sichuan opera, different characters will be painted with different faces to show the identity, appearance and character traits of the characters.

Historically, actors painted their own faces, and there were no professional face painters. During the process of face painting, under the premise of not violating the basic characteristics of the character, the actor can creatively draw the face that best suits him or her in order to achieve the best performance effect.

Therefore, Sichuan opera face painting is characterized by personalization and diversity. Initially, all the faces were masks made of paper shells, and later developed into faces drawn on straw paper, which were uncovered layer by layer for face-changing performances under the cover of fireworks or folding fans during the performances.

After the founding of New China, with the rapid development of face-changing stunts, the material used to make the face masks has also developed into the satin fabrics used today, making it more convenient for the actors to perform. Usually, the faces of some unknown people, including warriors, ghosts and monsters, are used for face-changing, while the faces of more popular figures, such as Guan Gong, Cao Cao and Bao Gong, are not used for face-changing.

Drawing the face of the face of the brush to be unique and powerful, and the use of strong color contrast to form a dazzling auditorium effect, in the coloring, the moral qualities of the characters in the play and the role of the type is based on, or praise, or to expose the irony, or to whip the criticism, or derogatory or commendatory, in the face of the face can be - - presented. The techniques of face changing can be roughly divided into "wipe the face", "blowing the face", "pulling the face" three.

In addition, there is a kind of "luck" face changing. Wipe the face: in a particular location on the face smeared with makeup oil, the performance of the hand to the face a wipe, the completion of the face, when the oil smeared on the eyebrows is to change the whole face, if only the lower part of the face, the oil will be painted on the face or nose.

Blow face: powdered cosmetics, performance, the actor just close to the container a blow, the powder will be pounced on the face, the actor blowing powder must be closed eyes, closed mouth, closed breath. Luck: as the name suggests, the use of qigong to change face.

Legend has it that the late famous Sichuan opera actor Peng Sihong, when playing Zhuge Liang in The Empty City Plan, was able to use his qigong to change his face from red to white, and then from white to green, in order to show Zhuge Liang's fear of being relieved of his burden. In addition, Sichuan opera face painting has historically been handed down from master to apprentice, with the master passing on the secrets of face painting orally to his apprentice.

The apprentice learns from the master, and the painted face is slowly familiarized and can be changed.

The apprentice learns the secrets of face painting from the master.