What are the musical instruments that have been handed down from Chinese history?

The Rewafu is a stringed instrument popular among the Uyghur, Tajik and Uzbek peoples. The Rewaf was created in the 14th century AD and has a history of more than 600 years. At that time, there were extensive economic and cultural exchanges between Xinjiang and various ethnic groups at home and abroad, and the Uyghur people, on the basis of their original folk musical instruments, absorbed the strengths of foreign musical instruments and created a number of new musical instruments, of which the Rewaf is the most representative one, and has been passed down to the present day.

The Rewafu is mostly made of wood, and its shape is very unique, the upper part of the body is long and thin, the top is curved, and the bottom is a hemispherical **** sound box.

The zerva comes in different shapes such as 3-string, 5-string, 6-string, 7-string, 8-string, and 9-string, and the melody is usually played on the outermost string, with the rest of the strings serving as ****ing strings.

The Rewafu is loud and clear, with a distinct and unique tone, and very rich in expression. It is often used for solo, ensemble or accompaniment. To play Rewafu, whether sitting or standing, the body should be upright and the shoulders should be kept flat. The player puts the instrument across the chest, the case is placed in the middle of the right elbow, the tiger's mouth of the left hand holds the pole, the fingers press the strings to get the sound, with the right hand in the plectrum plucking the strings, the musical instrument emits a beautiful music.

The form of the Rewaf is very diverse, although the Uyghurs, Tajiks and Uzbeks are all three ethnic groups living in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, but their Rewafs are not only different in type and form, but also different in name. Among the Tajiks, the Rewaf is called "Rebub", and this instrument is mostly made of apricot wood. There are many kinds of Uyghur Rewafu, which are divided into Kashgar Rewafu, new type Rewafu, Doran Rewafu and Shepherd Rewafu. The Kashgar Rewaf is named after its popularity in the Kashgar area, and it is softly pronounced, with a small volume and a delicate tone. Although the appearance of Uzbek Rewaf is similar to that of Kashgar Rewaf, the volume and timbre are different. This kind of Rewafu, the volume is bigger, the tone is bright and thick.

The liuqin belongs to the pipa class of plucked instruments, and is called the liuqin, or "willow-leaf qin," because it is made of willow wood and resembles the shape of a willow leaf. The shape and structure of the liuqin is very similar to that of the pipa. The earliest forms of the liuqin were very simple, and because of its rustic and folkloric appearance, the Chinese people affectionately called it the "Tu Pipa". The "Tu Pipa" has long been passed down in the folklore of China's Shandong, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces, where it is used to accompany local operas.

The liuqin is not only the same as the pipa in appearance and structure, but also plays in the same way as the pipa, except that it is plucked with a plectrum. When playing the liuqin, the player sits upright, places the liuqin diagonally in front of his chest, holds the instrument in his left hand, presses the strings with his fingers, and holds the plectrum between his thumb and forefinger with his right hand, plucking the strings in a very elegant manner.

Today, the liuqin plays a variety of roles in the field of Chinese music performance. In folk bands, the liuqin is the soprano instrument of the plucked instrument group, with a unique acoustic effect, often playing the important main melody in the high register. Because its tone is not easy to be covered by other instruments and fusion, sometimes it also serves as the performance of highly skillful colorful passages. In addition, the liuqin also has the acoustic effect of the mandolin, a Western instrument, and the cooperation with the Western orchestra, a unique flavor.

The guqin is an ancient Chinese plucked instrument. In ancient times, the guqin was called "qin" or "yaoqin", and it has a very long history, as far back as the Zhou Dynasty more than 3,000 years ago, the ancestors of the Chinese nation had already created the guqin.

The guqin is beautifully modeled, with a mellow and clear tone, and a delicate and varied sound. The ancient people were very particular about playing the guqin. Before playing, they had to take a bath and change their clothes, light a pillar of incense, then sit with their legs crossed and put the qin on their laps or on the table to play. When drumming, the left hand plucks the strings, the right hand presses the strings to get the sound, and the performance relies entirely on the qin emblem to mark the sound, and the pitch requirements are very strict.

The ancient Chinese literati were inextricably linked with the guqin music. A large number of ancient documents show that Chinese literati have been the main participants in guqin music, and they have made important contributions to the creation, performance, appreciation and dissemination of guqin.

The production of guqin is very elaborate and is a specialized art. The Tang and Song dynasties were the golden age of guqin production, and many treasures of exquisite craftsmanship and beautiful sound appeared. However, the production of the guqin has been lost for many years, and some of the guqins handed down through the ages are not uniform in the position and size of the various parts because they are mostly homemade by the players . In recent decades, China has resumed the production of the guqin and improved it, making this ancient musical instrument regain its touching luster.

The guqin is rich in expressive power, and emotions of joy, anger, sadness and happiness, as well as depictions of natural scenery, can be vividly expressed on the guqin. The guqin can be used as a soloist, as an ensemble with xiao, and as an accompaniment to ancient songs. Nearly half of the existing qin songs are dedicated to the accompaniment of the qin.

The zheng, also known as the guzheng and qinzheng, is a traditional Chinese stringed instrument, y rooted in Chinese folk music culture, with a long history. The guzheng has a wide range of sound, clear tone and rich expressive power, and has always been loved by the public.

The plucking of the zheng has been passed on in a wide range of folk areas, integrating local folk music and forming local genres with different musical styles and playing techniques. In recent times, Henan, Shandong, Chaozhou, Hakka, Zhejiang and other schools are more famous. The zheng music of Henan is divided into two parts, namely, Xiaoqu and Panchu, with representative pieces such as "The World is the Same", "Girlfriend's Grievance" and "Newly Opened Plate", etc. The zheng music of Shandong originates from Shandong qinqu, Shandong qinshu's cantata and folk tunes, with representative pieces such as "Autumn Moon in the Han Palace", "Passing on the Book of the Wild Goose", and "Fenghuang Song", etc. The zheng music of Teochew is divided into two major groups, namely, set piece and minor piece, with representative pieces such as "Crows Playing in the Water", "The Pink Lotus", and "The Complaints of Zhaogun", etc. The zheng music of Hakka is divided into major keys, and is also divided into major keys; Hakka zheng music is divided into three categories of major tunes, string tunes and minor tunes, and the representative repertoire includes Out of the Water Lotus, Yashan Mourning, and Lavender Winds, etc. Zhejiang zheng music is mainly composed of folk music and minor tunes, and the representative repertoire includes Cloud Celebration, High Mountains and Flowing Water, and Haiqing Taking the Swan.

The Gayaqin is an ancient instrument of the Korean people, popular in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in Jilin Province in northeast China. The Gayeqin looks much like the Han Chinese guzheng, with which it has a deep affinity. According to historical records, around 500 A.D., the king of the ancient Korean state of Gaya made a plucked-stringed musical instrument modeled after the guzheng, and the Korean people called it the Gayaqin.

The Gayaqin has been passed down for 1,500 years. In ancient times, the body of the gagyeon was made of a whole log, and the end of the instrument was in the shape of a ram's horn, which made the sound volume low and lacked expressive power because there was no base plate. After centuries of transmission and improvement, the Korean people absorbed the advantages of similar musical instruments of other ethnic groups and finally created the Gayeqin with distinctive ethnic characteristics and good performance. The modern Gaye gin has increased the volume and the sound color is richer. The Korean people are very particular about the choice of materials for making the instrument, choosing different high-quality wood for each part of the instrument.

After the founding of New China, the Gayaqin has been improved. Musical instrument makers have developed the 18-stringed Gayeqin and 21-stringed Gayeqin. Especially the latter, not only increased the **** sound box, but also the use of nylon strings and nylon wire strings unique to the Korean people as strings. This kind of gayaqin has a bright sound and a beautiful tone.

The Gayeqin not only has a beautiful sound, but also has a very elegant playing posture. When playing the gaya, the player presses the strings with his left hand and picks up the notes with his right hand, and it can play diatonic and chordal music as well as simple polyphonic music. The expression of the Gayeqin is quite rich, and through the player's skillful technique, it can express people's different emotions such as joy, anger, and sadness, and it can also be played in a majestic and exciting grand scene, especially suitable for playing light and lively folk music. In the past, the gagyeon was played mostly by men, but as it became one of the most important national musical instruments of the Joseon people, more and more women are playing it.

The gayeong can be played solo or in a repertoire, and it is mainly used for group playing and singing and in ethnic bands. There is a traditional form of singing in the Joseon ethnic group called "Gayeol playing and singing". During the performance, a dozen or so Korean women in national costume lined up on the stage, the end of the Gayaqin on the ground, the first end of the right knee, the left hand on the strings, the right hand to take the sound, the performer played and sang, singing and the sound of the qin mingled, beautiful and beautiful.

Fire Bushi is an ancient plucked instrument, loved by the Mongolian people. According to different translations, people also call it "good Bis", "and Bis" or "amber word", etc., are "qin All of them mean "qin". At the beginning of the first century B.C., the northern Chinese people created this new type of musical instrument by referring to Chinese instruments such as the guzheng and konghou.

The traditional fire bushi is shaped much like a rice spoon, with a body 90 centimeters long, a curved head and a straight handle. The round *** sound box is covered with python skin and has three to four strings. Because of its longer pole, *** sound box is smaller, the box is covered with leather, the tone has a strong flavor of the northern grasslands. Fire not Si's playing method and other plucked instruments is basically the same, the players hold the instrument, with the left hand by the strings, with the right hand thumb and forefinger plucking the strings. The sound is clear, bright, soft and beautiful, and is often used for solo, ensemble, or as an accompaniment to songs and dances

The Dongbula is an ancient plucked string instrument of the Kazakh people, and in some Kazakh families, even the whole family can play a few songs. In the Kazakh language, Dongbula has a special meaning: "Dong" is the sound of playing the instrument, and "Bula" means to set the strings of the instrument.

Dongbura has a long history, having been practiced in Xinjiang, China, since the third century BC.

The body of the dongbura is made of wood and is shaped like an enlarged spoon. The earliest dongbura was very simple to make. Folk artists cut a block of wood into the shape of a spoon, put on a panel, pull two sheep's intestines as strings, and then put nine notes on the handle of the spoon, and the "dongbura" was made. Dongbura is the accompaniment of the Kazakh folk singers. With it, the Kazakhs are no longer alone when they go out to graze. Returning home in the evening, people play the Dongbula, singing and dancing, and family **** enjoy the joy.

Dongbura can be used for solo, ensemble and accompaniment, and is very expressive. The Dongbura is played in the same way as most plucked instruments, by placing the instrument diagonally into the arms, holding the instrument in the left hand, pressing the strings with the index finger and thumb, and plucking the strings with the middle finger and thumb of the right hand. Using the different playing techniques of the Dongbula, the instrument is able to visualize the murmuring spring water in the grassland, the clear birdsong, the roaring sheep and the hoofbeats of the steeds, etc. The instrument is also able to express the sound of the sheep and the horses.

Ruan is a Chinese plucked instrument, which has been called "Qin pipa" in ancient times. Around the second or third century B.C., during the Qin Dynasty, a small drum with a handle and strings was made into a plucked instrument called a "stringed rattle" (tao). Later, with reference to zheng and zhu, people created a more advanced instrument than the "string drum", called the "Qin pipa", which was the predecessor of the "ruan".

In the third century A.D., there was a musician named Ruan Xian, who was very good at playing the Qin pipa, which had a rounded sound box, and because of his great skill and popularity among the common people, people gradually used his name, Ruan Xian, to refer to this instrument. Because he was so skillful in playing the lute and was loved by the people, people gradually used his name "Ruan Xian" to refer to this instrument. However, Ruan Xian short for Ruan is from a thousand years ago in the Song Dynasty to start.

The shape of the ruan is very simple, consisting of three parts: the head, the shaft and the body. The headstock is usually decorated with traditional Chinese bone carvings such as dragons or ruyi, and is fitted with four stringed shafts on either side. The body of the ruan is a flat circular ****ing box, made of a glued panel, a back plate and a frame plate. Ruan's structural principles, production materials and playing techniques have much in common with the pipa.

In recent years, with China's emphasis on national musical instruments, musicians have also reformed the ruan, developing soprano ruan, alto ruan, tenor ruan and bass ruan.

The soprano ruan is a soprano instrument with a clear and bright sound, and is often used as the main melody in the orchestra.

The alto ruan is a medium-sized musical instrument with a quiet, soft and poetic tone; it often plays melodies and interludes in ensembles with a moving effect. When playing as accompaniment, the rich rhythmic changes can emphasize the characteristics of the piece, and the use of more than two zhongruan divisions in the orchestra to play the harmony will make the middle range of the plucked instrument group fuller.

Da Ruan is five degrees lower than Zhong Ruan, similar to the cello in western instruments, when playing melody in the orchestra, it is often combined with Zhong Ruan for an octave to strengthen the effect of Zhong Ruan, the most suitable for reflecting the lyrical melody, when playing a single note or chord, it can strengthen the rhythm, and accentuate the effect of the piece of music is enthusiastic and unrestrained. Bass Ruan has a deep and low sound, just like the double bass in Western instruments.

Konghou is an ancient Chinese plucked instrument with a long history. According to evidence, it has been passed down for more than two thousand years. Konghou was used in ancient times in addition to the palace orchestra, but also widely circulated in the folk. In China's Sheng Tang (618--907) period, with the rapid development of economy and culture, the art of playing Konghou also reached a fairly high level, which is also in this period, China's ancient Konghou has been introduced to the neighboring countries such as Japan, Korea and so on. In the temple of Tora Daiji in Japan, two remnants of Tang Dynasty Konghou are still preserved. However, this ancient musical instrument has been out of fashion since the late fourteenth century, so that it has slowly disappeared, and people can only see some Konghou's drawings on the former murals and reliefs.

In order to make this instrument disappear for many years to reappear on the stage, from the 1950s onwards, Chinese musicians and instrument makers carried out a great deal of research work, according to the records of the ancient books and preserved ancient mural graphics, they designed and test-produced several types of konghou, but due to the many shortcomings of these konghou, so it did not popularize and spread out. In the early 1980s, a new type of konghou, the geese pillar konghou, was developed. Its structure is more perfect and scientific, and its sound has national characteristics, so it was popularized for music practice.

The ancient Chinese konghou was a horizontal and vertical vertical konghou. The new geese pillar konghou is developed according to the basic shape of the ancient vertical konghou. The shape of the new geese column Konghou is close to that of the Western harp, but the difference is that it has two rows of strings, each row has 36 strings, and each string is supported by a herringbone-shaped string column on the **** sound box, and the shape of this string column looks very much like the formation of geese flying in the sky, so this kind of Khonghou is known as the geese column Khonghou.

Konghou's tone is soft and clear, with a wide range of sound and rich expressive power, which can be used to play both ancient and modern folk music, as well as harp music. As the left and right rows of strings are homophonic, they are like two harps, which is convenient for playing fast melodies and overtones, and it is also possible for the left and right hands to play melodies and accompaniments simultaneously in the most beautiful mid-range, which is incomparable to other instruments. In addition, the wild goose pillar konghou is unique in playing vibrato, sliding strings, vibrato and other playing techniques.

The pipa, a traditional East Asian plucked-string instrument, has a history of more than 2,000 years, with the earliest known instrument, the pipa, appearing around the time of the Qin Dynasty in China. The name "pipa" comes from the saying "to push the hand as a loquat, to lead the hand as a loquat" (the most basic plucking technique), hence the name "loquat" (pipa). Prior to the Tang Dynasty, pipa was also the generic name given in Chinese to all plucked instruments of the lute family (also known as the lute). The Chinese pipa spread to other parts of East Asia, developing into the current Japanese pipa, Korean pipa, and Vietnamese pipa.

The pipa is known as the "King of Folk Music", the "King of Plucked Instruments", and the "Head of Plucked Instruments". It is a plucked string instrument. North and South Dynasty from India through the Guzi into the mainland. Made of wood. The sound box is half-pear-shaped, with four strings, and the neck and panel are equipped with "phases" and "products" for determining the pitch. When playing, hold it vertically, press the strings with the left hand, and play with the five fingers of the right hand. Pipa can be solo, accompaniment, ensemble of important national musical instruments Pipa by the history of the straight pipa and curved pipa evolved, according to historical records, the straight pipa appeared earlier in China, the Qin, Han period of the "Qin Hanzi", is a straight handle round *** sound box of the straight pipa (*** sound box on both sides of the masked leather), which is from the end of the Qin string rattle development. It was developed from the string rattle of the late Qin Dynasty. "Ruan Xian" or "Ruan" is a lute with a straight wooden round *** sound box, four strings and twelve columns, which is held vertically and played by hand. Jin Dynasty Ruan Xian good at playing this instrument, so called by its name, that is, today's Ruan.

The pipa is traditionally a pentatonic scale. In the Republic of China period, it has begun to increase the code according to the twelve equal temperament, and now the standard pipa has eight phases and thirty pints, the pipa's expressive power and adaptability have been greatly strengthened, and it can not only play traditional music, but also Western and modern works, and it is favorable for cooperation with symphony orchestra. This created the conditions for further development. By the middle and late twentieth century A.D., pipa art had a new development, in the pipa production, the original use of silk strings changed to nylon steel wire strings, and some even use silver strings, increasing the volume of pipa volume and **** sound. In terms of technique, the use of the left thumb and chords has greatly increased the expressive power of the pipa. As a result, a large number of excellent solo works integrating traditional music and modern compositional theories have emerged, as well as repertoire for various instruments and pipa concertos for small orchestra and symphony orchestra. In the 21st century, the pipa has not only been revived in China as it was in the Tang Dynasty, but has also attracted increasing attention from music lovers all over the world. Many traditional pieces and contemporary works are favored by Chinese and foreign audiences. It can be said that the pipa has begun to move towards the international music scene .

About the fourth century A.D., there was a pear-shaped sound box, curved neck, four columns (now called phase or product), four strings, plucked stringed instrument played by the plectrum from India through the western region into the north, because of its head bent backward, in order to distinguish it from the straight neck round Qin pipa that was circulating at that time, and thus the name of the curved item pipa. Sui Shu? Music Zhi": "this curved lute, vertical head of Konghou's disciples, and from the Western region, not the old Chinese instrument". And because it came through the Guzi, also known as Guzi pipa, Hu pipa or Huqin. After the Song Dynasty, it was called pipa.

The Banhu, also known as "Banghu" and "Qinhu", was created on the basis of the huqin with the emergence of the local opera, Bangkang. Compared with other Chinese huqin instruments, the biggest feature of the Banhu is its large volume and clear tone, which is especially good at expressing high-pitched, impassioned, passionate and fiery emotions, but also has the characteristics of grace and delicacy.

The Banhu has a history of more than 300 years in China, and its name is derived from the fact that the barrel of the instrument is made of thin wooden boards glued together.

The structure of the Banhu is mostly the same as that of the Erhu, but there are differences, mainly in the barrel. The front of the barrel is not covered with leather like the erhu, but with paulownia wood, which is the key to the sound of the banhu. The sound of the Banhu is especially clear and loud, rich in local flavor, and in the orchestra it is often the leading string of various accompanying instruments, and serves as the soprano voice in string music.

The horse-head fiddle is a stringed instrument of the Mongolian minority in China, named after the horse's head carved into the upper end of the fiddle's pole. The horse-head fiddle has a long history and was widely played among the Mongolian people as early as the beginning of the thirteenth century. Due to the different regions in which it was played, it has different names, shapes, timbres and playing methods. In the western part of Inner Mongolia, it is called "Molinhu Woods", and in the eastern part, it is called "Chaoer".

The horse-head qin's *** sound box is trapezoidal, with a horse's head carved on the upper end of the pole. This is the basic shape of the horse-head qin and the origin of the name of the horse-head qin. The strings of the horse-head qin are very special, it is synthesized with dozens of long horse tails, and the two ends are knotted with silk strings and tied on the qin. When the strings are rubbed with the bow of the horse's tail, the sound emitted is sweet, thick and particularly melodious, which is extremely unique in both Chinese and foreign stringed instruments.

The "Leiqin", also known as the "Leihu", is a stringed instrument that appeared only in the 1920s of the twentieth century.

The zither is made up of a pole, a barrel, a headstock, a stringed axle and a bow, etc. The pole, the headstock, the stringed axle and the bow are all parts of the zither. The pole, the head and the axle are all made of hardwood. The head of the zither is in the shape of a spade, the surface of the stringed axle is engraved with a pattern, and the top of the axle is embedded with bone ornaments. The barrel of the zither is shorter and made of thin copper plate. Its bow is longer than that of the erhu, and the horse's tail attached to it is wider. In addition, there are two sizes of the zither, the large zither with wire strings and a body length of 110 centimeters, and the small zither with wire strings and a body length of 90 centimeters. The strings are usually set according to the fourth or fifth degree relationship. The strings of the large zither are not very uniform, and are generally determined according to the player's habits, with a range of up to three and a half octaves. The small ringing zither has the same stringing and range as the large ringing zither, except that it is pronounced one octave higher.

Like other stringed instruments, the zither is played in a seated position, with the player placing the barrel of the zither on his left leg, holding the zither in his left hand and pressing the strings, while the right hand holds the bow and plays between the strings. There are many unique features in the finger-pressing method and playing techniques of the zither. For example, the player's control of the bow is characterized by the techniques of gradual strength, gradual weakness, slow weakness and sudden strength, slow strength and sudden weakness, and drastic changes in bowing. The fingering of the zither is close to that of the erhu, but it is mostly played with the index and ring fingers.

The zither is an extremely expressive instrument. It has a wide range, high volume, and a soft, mellow tone. It can be used for solo, ensemble and repertoire, as well as for mimicking human voices, opera singing, and also for expressing the sound effects of various animal chirps as well as orchestral and percussion instruments such as the sheng, pipe, suona, jinghu, erhu, gongs, drums, and so on.

The ox-leg zither is an ancient Chinese folk stringed instrument, mainly popular in the Dong ethnic minority areas of Guizhou, Guangxi and Hunan, China, and is named for its long, slender body, which resembles an ox's leg. The traditional ox-legged zither is made of a single piece of cedar wood, hollowed out in the lower part and covered with a cedar or tungwood top. It has a wide neck and a square headstock at the top, with a hardwood axle on each side to hold two strings made of thin brown rope. The bow of the ox-legged zither is made of fine bamboo with a strand of brown silk tied to it as a bow hair.

The niu leg zither has a unique characteristic compared to other Chinese stringed instruments. Its musical sound is made by rubbing the strings of the brown rope with the bow of the brown wire, so the ox-legged zither has a soft and slightly hoarse sound, a distinctive timbre, and is able to work closely with the human voice, with distinctive national characteristics and a rich local style. The playing posture of the ox-legged zither is basically the same as that of the violin, a Western instrument. The player puts the end of the violin under the left shoulder, presses the strings with the left hand, and plays with the bow with the right hand. However, its range is narrower than that of the violin, and it is played with only one handle, often with the strings set in relation to the fifth degree.

The ox-legged zither is mostly homemade in folklore, so the material used to make the zither and the size of the zither vary. In order to improve the expressive power of the ox-legged zither, the Dong people have constantly reformed the ox-legged zither in their long-term practice. The reformed ox-legged zither not only enlarged the *** sound box, but also opened sound holes on the panel on the side of the stringed horse, supported a round wooden sound post between the panel and the backboard, increased the fingerboard by sound, and replaced the brown string and brown silk bow with silk string, steel wire string and horsetail bow. In addition, some instrument reformers also placed a curved metal frame at the end of the ox-legged zither, so that the instrument could be held under the player's armpits while playing, and the case could be fixed. This not only relieved the burden on the player's left hand, but also enriched and developed the playing technique of the ox-legged zither.

The gaohu is a collective name for the "soprano erhu", which was adapted from the erhu. It is closely related to the Chinese folk music of Guangdong

The construction, production, and materials of the gaohu are basically the same as those of the erhu, with the biggest difference being the thin barrel of the instrument. Because the gaohu was created later, instrument makers had fewer concerns and constraints when remodeling the gaohu. Some instrument makers changed the round barrel of the early gaohu to a flat round shape to increase the volume, while others changed the two-stringed gaohu to a three-stringed gaohu to extend the range of the instrument downward by five degrees.

The erhu is a famous Chinese stringed instrument whose origins can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty of China in the seventh to tenth centuries A.D., when it was mainly popular among the ethnic minorities of northwestern China. For more than a thousand years, the erhu has been used as an accompaniment to opera.

The erhu is a simple instrument, with a thin wooden pole about 80 centimeters long, two strings on the pole, a teacup-shaped barrel under the pole, and a bow made of horsetail. The master plays the erhu in a seated position, holding the instrument in his left hand and the bow in his right. The range of the erhu is up to three octaves. The sound of the erhu has a rich expressive power, and it is close to the sound of the human voice, which makes it a singing instrument, and some people also call it the "Chinese violin". The erhu is good at expressing deep emotions because its tone sounds slightly sad.

Because the erhu is simple, cheap and easy to learn, but also has a beautiful sound, it is loved by the Chinese people, and is a very popular instrument in China.

The throatpipe, also known as the "bamboo pipe", is a double-reeded pneumatic instrument created on the basis of the Chinese folk instrument, the pipe. At the beginning of its existence, it was used by street vendors in Guangdong Province as a means of soliciting business, and it was only in the late 1920s that it began to be used in Cantonese music and Cantonese opera, and later became popular in the Guangdong and Guangxi regions.

The construction of the pipe is very simple, consisting of three parts: the whistle, the body and the bell. Its whistle is made of reeds, with a wider mouthpiece and thicker two-piece counterparts. The body is made of long-stemmed bamboo, ebony, mahogany, mixed woods, plastic tubes or metal tubes, among which the bamboo body has the best sound. There are seven sound holes on the body of the pipe, and the lower end of the pipe is equipped with a bell made of thin copper sheet, which serves to expand the volume of sound and decoration.

The xiao, also known as the hole xiao, is an ancient Chinese pneumatic instrument. As early as thousands of years ago, the xiao was circulated in Chinese folklore. The origin of the xiao begins with the reed pipe. When the reed pipe was first formed thousands of years ago, it was called the xiao. Later, in the process of playing the row of pipes, people discovered that holes of unequal distances on a tube could also produce sounds of different heights, so the xiao gradually evolved from the row of pipes consisting of many tubes to the hole pipe with several holes in a single tube.

The pipe a double reed wind instrument, a very long history. The pipe originated in ancient Persia, which is now Iran. In ancient China, it was called the "wicker bamboos" or "reed pipes". During the Western Han Dynasty, more than two thousand years ago, the pipe became a common musical instrument in the Xinjiang region of China. Later, the pipe was introduced into the Central Plains, and through changes and development, its playing skills were enriched and developed. Now, the pipe is widely popular in Chinese folklore and has become a favorite common musical instrument of the people in the north.

The ocarina is one of the oldest wind instruments in China, with a history of about seven thousand years. Initially, ocarinas were mostly made of stone and bone, but later developed into pottery, and there are various shapes, such as flat round, oval, spherical, fish-shaped and pear-shaped, etc., among which the pear-shaped is the most common.

The ocarina has a mouthpiece at the top, a flat bottom, and sound holes in the side walls. The earliest ocarinas had only one sound hole, and then gradually developed into multiple holes until the end of the third century BC when the six-hole ocarina appeared.

The sheng is an ancient Chinese wind instrument, it is the world's earliest use of free reed instruments, and the development of Western musical instruments has played a positive role in promoting. The sound of the sheng is bright and sweet, with a clear and transparent soprano, a soft and rich alto, a thick and low bass, and a large volume. The sheng is also the only traditional Chinese wind instrument that can produce harmonies. When playing with other instruments, it can play the role of harmonizing the orchestra's tone and enriching the orchestra's sound. In large-scale national orchestras, the sheng is sometimes used as a soprano, alto and bass sheng.

The flute is a popular wind instrument in China, also known as the "bamboo flute" because it is made of natural bamboo.

The flute is made of a bamboo tube, which has a blow hole, a membrane hole, and six tone holes on the inside. The blowhole is the first hole of the flute, from which the airflow is blown in, causing the air inside the tube to vibrate and pronounce the sound. The membrane hole is the second hole of the flute, which is specially used to affix the flute membrane, which is mostly made of reed or bamboo film, and the vibration of the flute membrane by the airflow will emit a clear and mellow sound.

The gourd xiao is a Chinese minority wind instrument, and it is one of the most popular and commonly used instruments by the Dai, Achang, Wa and other minorities living in southwestern China. Like other xiao instruments, the gourd xiao has a relatively small volume, however, its main pipe emits a soft and delicate tone, which, set off by the sustained tones of the two sub-pipes, gives it a subtle and hazy beauty. Because of its vibrato blowing like shaking the silk as ethereal and gentle, therefore, some people also call it "gourd silk".

The yangqin, also known as the yangqin, is a stringed instrument commonly used in China. Its tone is clear and bright, and its expressive power is extremely rich, so it can be played solo, in ensemble, or accompanied by qin books, raps and operas, and it occupies an important position in folk instrumental ensembles and national bands.

The yangqin is mainly made of wood, and the body of the instrument is its ****ing box, which is in the shape of a butterfly, so it is also called the "butterfly piano". When playing, the instrument is placed on a wooden frame, and the left and right hands each hold a small, flexible bamboo whip, respectively, to strike the strings to pronounce the sound.

The musical instrument is the oldest national musical instrument in China, which is simple in shape and beautifully made. The history of the musical instrument is very long, in the ancient matriarchal clan society, the chime was once called "stone" and "sound ball". At that time, people lived by fishing and hunting, and after working, they struck stones and danced and entertained themselves dressed as various beasts. These stones were gradually evolved into musical percussion instruments.

The chime is an important percussion instrument in ancient China, a kind of bell. Chimes are made up of a number of bells of different sizes hung sequentially on a wooden frame in a group or several groups, with each bell struck at a different pitch. Because of the different ages, the shape of the bell is not the same, but the bell are painted with exquisite patterns.

Chinese bells existed as early as 3,500 years ago, during the Shang Dynasty, but at that time they were mostly made in sets of three. Later, the number of bells per set increased as time progressed. In ancient times, the chimes were mostly used for playing in the court, and rarely circulated in the folklore, where they were played whenever there were campaigns, pilgrimages or rituals.

The gong is a traditional Chinese percussion instrument. The gong occupies a very important position in Chinese national bands and has a wide range of applications; it is not only used in national bands, folk instrumental ensembles, all kinds of operas and tunes, as well as in the accompaniment of songs and dances, but also an indispensable musical instrument in celebratory rallies, dragon boat races, lion dances, harvest celebrations and labor competitions.

The drum is a commonly used percussion instrument in China, the drum appeared relatively early, from the excavated artifacts found so far, it can be determined that the drum has a history of about 3,000 years.

The drum body of the waist drum is thick in the middle and thin at both ends, in the shape of a cylinder, covered with cowhide or mule skin on both sides, and there are two drum rings on one side of the drum body, with a rope tied to the ring for fixing the drum. Waist drums have four sizes, but no fixed pitch, crisp pronunciation, often used in folk Yangge song and dance accompaniment, it is both the dance music accompaniment instruments, but also dancers props. During the performance, the drum is hung diagonally on the side of the waist, and each hand holds a drum whip to beat it.

(Hope to adopt, thank you)