Who knows what structure the Taoist brain has? What is the function?

The brain is the main part of the central nervous system, located in the cranial cavity. The brains of lower vertebrates are relatively simple. The brains of humans and mammals are particularly developed and can be divided into three parts: brain, cerebellum and brain stem.

The brain includes telencephalon, diencephalon, midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. There are many nerve nuclei or nerve cells concentrated in the nerve center, and a large number of ascending and descending nerve fiber bundles pass through, connecting the brain, cerebellum and spinal cord, and connecting all parts of the central nervous system into a whole in form and function. The cavities in all parts of the brain are called ventricles, which are filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

telencephalon

Telencephalon includes left and right hemispheres and basal nucleus buried in cerebral cortex.

cerebrum

The brain is the highest part of the nervous system, consisting of two hemispheres, which are connected by transverse nerve fibers. Each hemisphere includes:

Cerebral cortex (cerebral cortex): It is a layer of gray matter on the surface (the concentrated part of the cell body of nerve cells). There are many concave sulcus (fissures) on the surface of human brain, and there are convex gyrus between sulcus (fissures), which greatly increases the area of cerebral cortex. The human cerebral cortex is the most developed organ of thinking, which dominates all activities of the body and regulates the balance between the body and the surrounding environment. Therefore, the cerebral cortex is the material basis of higher nervous activity.

Medulla: also known as "white matter", located inside the cerebral cortex, is composed of nerve fibers.

basal nuclei

Basal ganglion: In the white matter at the bottom of the hemisphere, nerve cells are concentrated.

thalamencephalon

Thalamus is the largest oval gray matter nucleus in diencephalon, which is located on both sides of the third ventricle. The left and right thalamus are connected by the gray matter mass (called the intermediate mass). Thalamus is the core organ that produces consciousness. There is a very special structure in thalamus-thalamus, which contains meaning and can also release meaning. When the mound releases meaning, consciousness comes into being.

cerebellum

In the back and lower part of the brain, it is divided into the vermis in the middle and the cerebellar hemispheres on both sides. The surface gray matter, namely cerebellar cortex, is divided into many lobules by many transverse sulcus. The cerebellum is composed of white matter and gray nucleus. White matter is called medulla, which contains nerve fibers connected to the brain and spinal cord. The main function of cerebellum is to coordinate the movement of skeletal muscle, maintain and adjust muscle tension and maintain the balance of the body.

brainstem

Brain stem is a part of human brain, including midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. The upper side is connected with diencephalon, the lower side is connected with spinal cord, and the rear side is connected with cerebellum, all of which are located in the posterior cranial fossa. There is a cavity between the back of the brain stem and the cerebellum, which is an extension of the central canal of the spinal cord and is called the fourth ventricle. The brain stem is also composed of gray matter and white matter. The gray matter of the brain stem is similar to the spinal cord only in the lower part of the medulla oblongata, and other parts do not form continuous cell columns, but are assembled into clusters or short columnar nuclei by nerve cells with the same function. There are two kinds of nerve nuclei, one is the brain nucleus connected with the 3rd ~12nd cranial nerve; The other is the nerve nucleus mainly related to the conduction bundle. Such as reticular nucleus. There are many important nerve centers in the brain stem, such as cardiovascular movement center, respiratory center, swallowing center and visual, auditory and balance reflex centers.

cranial nerve

Also known as "brain nerve". Pairs of left and right nerves emanate from the brain. *** 12 pairs, namely olfactory nerve, optic nerve, oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, trigeminal nerve, abducent nerve, facial nerve, auditory nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, accessory nerve and hypoglossal nerve. 12 pairs of cranial nerves connect different parts of the brain and enter and exit the cranial cavity through the foramen fissure of the skull base. These nerves are mainly distributed in the head and face, and the vagus nerve is also distributed in the chest and abdomen. Each brain nerve contains different fiber components. According to the composition and function of main fibers, cranial nerves can be divided into three categories: one is sensory nerves, including olfactory, visual and auditory nerves; The other is motor nerve, including oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, abducent nerve, accessory nerve and hypoglossal nerve. The third is mixed nerve, including trigeminal nerve, facial nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve and vagus nerve. Recent studies have proved that some sensory nerves contain efferent fibers. Many motor nerves contain afferent fibers. The motor fibers of the cranial nerve are composed of axons emitted by the motor nucleus of the brain; Sensory fibers are composed of peripheral processes of sensory neurons in brain ganglia, and their central processes form synapses with sensory neurons in brain stem. Since 1894, the "0" cranial nerve (terminal nerve) has been found in vertebrates except round-mouthed animals and birds. In humans, the nerve plexus consists of 1-7 nerve fiber bundles, from which nerve fibers enter the nasal cavity through the mesh of the sieve plate, mainly distributed in the blood vessels and glands of the olfactory epithelium.

Blood supply to the brain