How to improve the efficiency of history classroom teaching Liu Aixia

History class is a comprehensive, interesting subject, the characteristics of its subject has a very distinctive past. History is the past activities of mankind, complex, colorful, but it is the past people and events, can not be reproduced in front of people, if the method of teaching is not appropriate, often make the students produce boring, lethargic feeling. Therefore, to improve the efficiency of history classroom teaching, we must make full use of the classroom 45 minutes, through the teacher's own quality of the show, a variety of teaching methods designed to use multimedia technology, and other means, can not be re-enactment of the historical phenomenon reproduced in front of the students, so that the students are infected, so that the classroom teaching has become lively, lively, distinctive image, directly triggering the students' interest in learning, give full play to the students' subjective initiative! The first is to make sure that you are able to get the most out of your time and money.

A teacher's own quality of display

The teacher's own quality includes the quality of ideological cultivation, the quality of professional knowledge and the quality of teaching skills in three aspects. As a history teacher, must have lofty sentiments, noble professional ethics, love of education, love of history teaching work, to enrich and improve their own history professional knowledge and teaching skills. In the classroom, teachers can demonstrate their own qualities through the use of figurative language, the flow of rich emotions, the design of teaching pictures and so on, in order to achieve the purpose of improving the efficiency of history classroom teaching.

1, the use of figurative language in teaching

Secondary school history textbooks focus on the teaching of basic knowledge, the narrative historical facts brief, generalized, not as vivid as the historical drama, novels, specific, if the teacher reads from the book will make the students feel boring, if the appropriate use of figurative means of expression, so that the teaching process is full of emotion, the effect will be very different. Such as teaching "the Tang Dynasty's foreign relations" chapter "Chao Heng and Jianzhen", I chose Li Bai's "cry Chao Qing Heng" poem, "Japan Chao Qing resigned from the Imperial Capital, a sail around the Pung Fu, the moon does not return to the sinking of the blue sea, the white clouds of sadness color full of Cangwu". A few short lines, not only make the characters distinctive, but also show the sincere and friendly feelings of the people of China and Japan. And on the Jianzhen East, students learned in elementary school, I first inspired students to recall, and then make a vivid description, so that the characters come out, touching image, friendly and natural, but also patriotism, internationalism education in history teaching.

2, teaching the flow of rich emotions

History class content is colorful, historical events have flesh and blood, and some secondary school history textbooks are limited to the length of the original vivid historical facts condensed into abstract and boring concepts, it is difficult to arouse the students' interest in learning, so let the students in the mastery of the basic historical knowledge at the same time, by the strong ideological education, the teacher should be in teaching Pay attention to the flow of various emotions, of course, the classroom teacher's tone, rhythm, expression should be changed with the change of the content of the material. In the section of Italian Capitalism and the Opening of New Voyages, I made great efforts to render and describe the hardships and achievements of the four navigators in exploring the new voyages, in order to achieve the effect of teaching with emotion. After talking about Columbus' voyage, I also depicted Columbus' voyage diary and other related materials. Among them: the Atlantic Ocean on the flickering green grass, flickering lights, the strong homesickness and even resistance, "Indians" looks, life, etc., such a description, coupled with the teacher suddenly excited and angry, suddenly slow and methodical, suddenly passionate, as if the students to Columbus's voyage on board the ship and the explorers together! Sailing in the Atlantic Ocean, *** enjoy the "discovery of the New World" joy, so that all the feelings and thinking of the students will be completely focused on the teacher's lecture. In the Versailles - the establishment of the Washington system in a section of the "peace conference in spite of China is the victor, refused to accept the Chinese delegation's just demand, even stipulated that all illegal rights and interests of Germany in the Shandong Province of China handed over to Japan", I am this beginning "Class, whose Shandong is it? It is our Chinese territory!" The whole paragraph describes the anger jumped in the words, coupled with the language of rhythmic and staccato, it can be said that the voice and emotion, really do to the history of the education of people, people infected with feelings, the patriotism of the emotions in the words.

3, teaching the design of teaching pictures

The age of junior high school students determines the limits of their logical thinking and ability to understand, sometimes specific images than vivid language can help their understanding and memory. Therefore, the appropriate use and design of pictures, charts, historical materials, historical maps, etc. in the classroom can often play a multiplier effect.

When I talked about the Long March of the Red Army, I personally designed a schematic map of the route of the Long March of the Red Army, using a three-layer composite map, the first layer of the Long March of the Red Army route arrows (arrows have been hollowed out), location, etc., the second layer is a pull-out strip of paper, the color is the same as the first layer of the background color, the third layer of the red paper is pasted on the back. Lecture, while introducing the contents of the side of the pull-out paper, the red arrow will be displayed in front of the students, students in the novelty, not only mastered the basic knowledge of history, but also through this intuitive teaching, is the teaching of the content of the flesh and blood, interesting, and enhance the students' interest in learning, and improve the effectiveness of the teaching.

Teachers interesting teaching language, staccato tone, joy and sadness of the emotional color, supplemented by the image of vivid teaching pictures, to stimulate students' interest in learning, learning motivation, arouse a strong desire to learn, so as to improve the effectiveness of the teaching is useful, the teacher's teaching can be "captured" the student's The teacher's teaching can "capture" all the students' thinking, completely "occupy" their minds, so that they can not reach the realm of desire, which is in line with the laws of education.

Second, the design of novel teaching methods

History teaching should be based on the characteristics of different textbooks and textbooks of the different contents of the different programs, using different teaching methods, to optimize the choice, comprehensive use. Traditional history classroom teaching, narrative, talk, inspirational, questioning, discussion, competition and other teaching methods, under the leadership of the teacher, students can also take the initiative to develop independently. With the development of the times, social progress, a variety of novel teaching methods have been used in the history classroom teaching, and achieved promising results.

1, the virtual historical situation method

For the ancient Chinese economic history of part of the content, before, I tend to teacher lecture-based, from agriculture, handicrafts, the prosperity of the city or the development of commerce and so on several aspects of the economic development of a certain period of time is presented to the students, seldom let the students through their own activities and practice to obtain knowledge, get the development of the classroom atmosphere is stiff, the student learning effect is also not very satisfactory, so the students can learn through their own activities and practice. The classroom atmosphere is rigid, and the students' learning effect is not very satisfactory. Therefore, in the lesson of "Economic Prosperity in Tang Dynasty", I virtualize such a historical situation: "If we ride the time tunnel to the Tang Dynasty, how will we live? You can be farmers, craftsmen, merchants, officials, emperors, and so on, the requirement is to be in line with the reality of economic life in the Tang Dynasty", first let the students look at the textbook, and then discuss in groups, and then go up to the stage to play the roles respectively. [Student presentations attached]. Throughout the whole lesson, due to the virtual historical scenario, it helped students create and maintain a positive psychological atmosphere during the learning process, so that students were always in the best physical and mental state, with active thinking and interest, and the time for effective teaching was almost one lesson. From the post-class survey, students very much like this form of classroom teaching.

2, simulation debate inquiry method

In Chinese history, there are many wars in the history of the content or major historical events, to speak of this kind of content, I broke the previous conventional thinking that the first analysis of the reasons (or background), and then the process (or content), and then analyze the results, the impact of the single student passive acceptance of the mode of instruction. I let students take the identity of the minister or strategist at that time, to carry out debates, come up with decisions. This is consistent with the psychological principle that students learn best when they are inspired and trusted to do important things.

For example, when studying the Battle of Red Cliff, I asked students to preview the battle and then set up a stage for a debate in front of the temple, with me playing Cao Cao and students acting as ministers. "Then, the ministers were asked to express their opinions on whether they could fight the battle. In the classroom, there were two forces, the war party and the anti-war party, engaged in a heated debate, from which I summarized that the war party gave four reasons why the war was certain to be won. The anti-war faction listed many unfavorable factors. Students of the debate process, is the background of the war, the relationship between the pros and cons of the war, the reasons for the war victory and defeat analysis, thinking and active inquiry process, so that the students have mastered the knowledge, but also really taste the taste and fun of inquiry, classroom efficiency has obviously improved.

3, contact with the actual method of life

From a psychological point of view, the closer relationship with the students or students are more concerned about the matter, the most able to attract the attention of students and arouse the needs of students. From the age characteristics of junior high school students, their interest in history is much lighter than their interest in cartoons, coupled with the influence of test-based education, teachers often remove a lot of flesh and blood in the classroom exciting content, and thus it is difficult to attract the attention of students. Therefore, in my lessons, I try to link the content of history with real-life issues of interest to students, in order to hold the students' heartstrings and attract their attention.

For example, when talking about the imperial examination system, I first let students discuss the pros and cons of today's examination system? Let them talk about what new suggestions they have for the current examination system? This is a matter of personal interest to each student, of course, immediately attracted their attention, students have expressed their views. Although some of the suggestions seem naive, there is no lack of sparks of innovative thinking. After their enthusiasm was mobilized, I went on to say: "There is a sentence in the Encyclopedia Britannica that the earliest examination system we know of is the electoral system (here referred to as the imperial examination system) used in China and its regularly held examinations! So today, let's take a look at how the earliest examination system was introduced. What impact did it have in history? Someone once asked me: Why can't China produce people like Newton?" Students feel that the ancient examination system and "why China did not appear like Newton," there is a link, so the learning enthusiasm greatly increased, after the lecture, I then let the students discuss this issue in groups, can be from the ancient examination system, the content of the examination, personnel training requirements and even China's historical and cultural background, dietary structure and so on. Many aspects to explore, thus broadening the student's thinking and cultivating the student's interest.

4, multimedia-assisted audio-visual method

Traditional history classroom teaching, the teacher orally, students listen to remember, the teacher is the master of the classroom teaching, students are passive to accept the knowledge of the machine, this way of teaching, so that the students lack of enthusiasm for learning history, and the use of multimedia teaching tools, through sound, light, electricity, the organic combination of stimulating students' sensory awareness, thus causing students to learn actively, and then to achieve the goal of learning. Learning enthusiasm, in order to achieve the purpose of improving the efficiency of classroom teaching.

In teaching, I sometimes use multimedia means to show the phenomenon, let the students from the phenomenon to discover the problem, so as to put forward the problem, solve the problem. This thinking process is very consistent with the cognitive law of students. In the entire teaching process, the teacher is always in the "lead" and "guide" position, the guide platform is the multimedia teaching means, without teachers to spend more words, students through the media display, arousing the desire to explore, in a harmonious teaching environment. Knowledge has been sublimated.

If we talk about the "anti-Japanese war in the phase of resistance" in the section of the "anti-Japanese base behind the enemy's hard struggle" a project, I first play a song familiar to students "Nanniwan", so that students feel in the beautiful song Nanniwan from "overgrown, no one populate "opened up into" everywhere is crops, everywhere is cattle and sheep "process, so that students naturally form" Nanniwan how will have such a big change? The problem, so that students from the background, measures and other aspects of the group discussion, through the discussion, not only so that students have mastered the historical knowledge, but also to improve their ability to analyze and solve problems.

In addition, in multimedia teaching, I often collect a large number of teaching materials (including information data, sound, video, etc.) presented in front of the students, so that the teacher can be in the classroom in a limited space and time, so that students to increase the amount of information to receive knowledge, broaden the horizons, expanding the space of thinking for students to analyze the problem of the insertion of the wings of imagination. Eventually reach the teacher to teach easily, students learn happily, the classroom atmosphere is active, the classroom effect is obvious state.

In short, there are many methods and techniques to improve the efficiency of history classroom teaching, as a history teacher, I still need to continue to work hard and constantly improve, so that their own education, teaching level on a new level.