What are the traditional cultures? If you study hard, you must adopt them.

The Spring Festival has become the carrier of China traditional culture, which has been passed down from generation to generation, and has precipitated heavy gold-bearing mineral deposits. In the Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi once wrote the poem "Days in January": "In the firecrackers, the spring breeze sends warmth in, except one year old. Thousands of families in Qian Qian always trade new peaches for old ones every day. " The quality of culture has remained unchanged for thousands of years.

First of all, post Spring Festival couplets and door gods.

Spring Festival couplets originated in Fu Tao. "Fu Tao" is a rectangular red wooden board hanging on both sides of the door in the Zhou Dynasty. According to the Book of Rites, the peach symbol is six inches long and three inches wide, and the words "Shen Tu" and "Lei Yu" are written on the mahogany board. On the first day of the first month, a peach symbol was made for the family and named immortal wood, which all ghosts were afraid of. Therefore, the Qing Dynasty's "Yanjing Shi Sui Ji" said: "Spring Festival couplets, that is, Fu Tao." In the Five Dynasties, in the court of West Shu, someone wrote couplets on peach symbols. According to Song Shi Shu Jia, "Meng Chang, the master of the later Shu Dynasty, ordered Zhang Xun, a bachelor, to write a poem on the mahogany board, calling himself a cloud: Qing Yu in the New Year, Changchun in the First Festival". This is China's first Spring Festival couplets. Until the Song Dynasty, Spring Festival couplets were still called "Fu Tao". There is a saying in Wang Anshi's poem that "thousands of households are the narrowest, and new peaches are always replaced with old ones". In the Song Dynasty, the peach symbol was changed from mahogany board to paper, which was called "Spring Sticker".

In the Ming Dynasty, Fu Tao changed its name to "Spring Festival couplets". In the Ming Dynasty, Chen wrote in Mao Yunlou's Miscellaneous Paintings: "The creation of Spring Festival couplets began with. Jinling, the imperial capital, suddenly issued a decree before New Year's Eve: Spring Festival couplets must be posted at the gates of public officials and scholars' homes. "Zhu Yuanzhang not only went out of the city incognito to see the laughter in person, but also personally wrote Spring Festival couplets. He passed a house and saw that the Spring Festival couplets had not been posted on the door. He went to ask, knowing that it was a castrated pig, and had not asked anyone to write it for him. Zhu Yuanzhang specially wrote Spring Festival couplets for the castrated pig man, which read "Split the road of life and death with both hands and cut off the root of right and wrong with one knife". Relevance and humor. After Ming Taizu's advocacy, Spring Festival couplets have since become a custom, which has been passed down to this day.

It is said that one year after the Spring Festival, when Qianlong went down to the south of the Yangtze River, he passed through Tongzhou Town (now Tongzhou City, Jiangsu Province). He thought that there was another Tongzhou (now Tongzhou District of Beijing) outside the Forbidden City, so he made a couplet for the accompanying ministers: "Nantong House, North Tongzhou, North Tongzhou connects North and South", and no one could tell why. I didn't expect a waiter to study hard and practice hard. When he saw pawnbrokers all over the street, he immediately made a couplet: "East Pawnbroker, West Pawnbroker"

Some folk Spring Festival couplets are also very interesting. For example, the Spring Festival couplets in a shoe store are: the future must stand firm, the work is vast and light, and it is important to distinguish and recognize horizontally-from the first step. A barbershop's Spring Festival couplets are: every time a knife is raised, everyone will lose their hair, and when it is dragged down, everyone will bow their heads and criticize-change their face.

The gatekeeper, it is said that Shen Tu and Lei Yu can catch ghosts. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ying Shao quoted the Book of the Yellow Emperor from Customs Tong: In ancient times, two brothers Nash and Lei Yu lived on Dushuo Mountain. There is a peach tree on the hill, with the shade as a cover. Every morning, they will review the ghosts under the tree. If an evil spirit harms the world, tie it up and feed it to the tiger. Later, people used two pieces of red wooden boards to draw pictures of God Tea and Lei Yu, and hung them on both sides of the door to ward off evil spirits. In the Chronicle of Jingchu Age written by Liang in the Southern Dynasties, it is recorded that on the first day of the first month, "making a peach board to touch a household is called fairy wood, painting two gods to stick to a household, and the left god naphthalene and the right dragon are called door gods." However, the real guardian recorded in the history books is not Shen Tu and Yulong, but an ancient warrior named Cheng qin. According to the biography of Han Guang written by Ban Gu, the portrait of Cheng qin, an ancient warrior, was painted on the gate of King Guang Chuan (Quping), wearing shorts and holding a sword. In the Tang dynasty, the position of the door god was replaced by Qin's harmony.

Second, paste New Year pictures.

During the Spring Festival, people not only paste Spring Festival couplets and cut window grilles, but also like to hang New Year pictures in the living room and bedroom. A New Year picture adds a festive atmosphere to every household.

New Year pictures are an ancient folk art in China. They reflect people's customs and beliefs and place their hopes on the future. New Year pictures, like Spring Festival couplets, originated from "door gods". Spring Festival couplets developed from the names of Shen Tu and Lei Yu to figures, while New Year pictures still developed along the direction of painting.

With the rise of block printing, the content of New Year pictures is not limited to the door gods, and the God of Wealth is gradually invited to the home, and then colorful New Year pictures, such as three stars of Fu Lushou, God bless the people, abundant crops, prosperity of six animals, greeting the spring and praying for blessings, are produced in some New Year pictures workshops to meet people's good wishes of celebrating and praying for the New Year.

Because Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding father of the Ming Dynasty, advocated posting Spring Festival couplets during the Spring Festival, New Year pictures became popular because of their influence. There are three important producing areas of New Year pictures in China: Taohuawu in Suzhou, Yangliuqing in Tianjin and Yangjiabu in Weifang, Shandong, forming three schools of Chinese New Year pictures.

The earliest collection of New Year pictures in China is the woodcut New Year pictures of the Southern Song Dynasty, depicting four ancient beauties: Wang Zhaojun, Zhao, Ban Ji and Lvzhu. However, the most popular picture among people in China is the New Year picture of marrying a mouse. This painting depicts an interesting scene in which a mouse marries a bride according to human custom. His paintings are lively in composition. This painting left an indelible impression on Lu Xun. As he said, this entertaining "Marry a Mouse" not only aroused the interest of adults, but also had a stronger artistic appeal to children.

In the early years of the Republic of China, Zheng of Shanghai combined the monthly calendar with the New Year pictures. This is a new form of New Year pictures. This new year's picture, which was combined into one, later developed into a calendar and has been popular all over the country.

Third, New Year greetings.

New Year greeting is a traditional folk custom in China, and it is a way for people to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new, and express their best wishes to each other.

In ancient times, the original meaning of the word "Happy New Year" was to pay New Year greetings to the elderly, including kowtowing to the elderly, congratulating them on a happy New Year and greeting their lives. In case of friends and relatives of the same generation, you should also salute and congratulate.

In ancient times, the literati in the upper class used the custom of greeting each other with famous cards. Hui Zhou, a poet of the Song Dynasty, said in Qingbo magazine: "During the Song Dynasty, servants were often used to stab people in the name of the New Year." At that time, the scholar-officials had a wide circle of friends, and it took time and energy to pay New Year greetings everywhere. Therefore, some close friends did not go in person, but sent their servants to take a card cut with plum blossom stationery, two inches wide and three inches long, with the recipient's name, address and congratulations written on it.

In the Ming dynasty, people visited instead of paying New Year's greetings. Wen Zhiming, an outstanding painter and poet in the Ming Dynasty, described in the poem "New Year": "I don't want to meet each other, but I want to be fluent, and my famous articles are full; I also throw a few pieces of paper at people. The world hates being too simple and not too empty. " The "famous thorn" and "famous divination" mentioned here are the origins of today's New Year cards. New Year cards are used to connect feelings and exchange greetings, which are convenient and practical and still popular today.

From about the Qing dynasty, the form of "group worship" appeared in the New Year greetings. In A Talk on the Side Hat, the Lord of the Qing Dynasty said: "At the beginning of the year, the capital must make regular group worship to unite the friendship of the New Year and show the nostalgia", and "book guests with new year's goods every year and hold a banquet to celebrate the day".

With the development of the times, the custom of New Year greetings is constantly adding new contents and forms. Nowadays, people not only follow the old way of paying New Year greetings, but also begin to pay New Year greetings through courtesy telegrams, telephone calls and text messages.

Fourth, set off firecrackers.

In ancient Chinese New Year, people burned bamboo and exploded to drive away ghosts, hence the name "firecrackers". "The Chronicle of Jingchu" said: "On the first day of the first month, chickens crowed in front of the court and set off firecrackers to ward off evil spirits." Later, due to the evolution of society and folk customs, firecrackers have undergone two major changes: first, after the invention of gunpowder, it developed from burning bamboo to filling gunpowder in paper tubes to detonate. After the explosion, there were noises, pieces of paper flying and gunpowder fragrant, so firecrackers were also called "blasting array". Since then, people have strung firecrackers with hemp poles, which is called "weaving guns". Because its sound is clear as a whip, it is also called "firecrackers". On the basis of "firecrackers", various fireworks, even fireworks, appeared. Second, the function of firecrackers has completely changed from exorcism to exorcism as an auspicious festival.