What are the names of ancient astronomical planets in China, such as Beidou?

Three walls, twenty-eight stars and four elephants

academic titles conferred on the three candidates who came out first at examinations held at three levels

Ziweiyuan

Taiweiyuan

Tianshiyuan

28 stars

The East is called Qinglong: Jiaomujiao, Kang Jinlong, Nyctereute, Fangri Rabbit, Xinyue Fox, Tail Fire Tiger and Jishui Leopard;

In the south, Suzaku is called: Muan Jing, Ghost Golden Sheep, Swertia liutu, Stellaria, Zhang Yuelu, Winged Fire Snake and Lumbricus;

In the west, white tigers are called: wood wolf, Lou Jin dog, stomach pheasant, chicken, bi, gun and fire monkey;

The north is called Xuanwu: unicorn, Taurus, mother bat, rising sun rat, dangerous moon swallow, room fire pig and wall pheasant.

Four elephants

Oriental black dragon, cyan;

Southern rosefinch, red;

White tiger in the west, white;

Xuanwu in the north, black;

Compared with the constellations of modern astronomy, the range of star officials is smaller and the number is more, so ancient astronomers in the Han Dynasty divided the star officials into larger areas such as three walls and twenty-eight houses. In ancient China, in order to know the stars and observe the astronomical phenomena, the stars in the sky were divided into several groups, and each group had a name. Such a group of stars are called star officials. Each star officer contains a number of stars ranging from one to dozens, and the scope of the sky area is also different. Among the numerous star officials, 365,438+0 occupies a very important position, that is, three walls and twenty-eight accommodations. In the Tang Dynasty, the three yuan and twenty-eight nights developed into the ancient star division system in China, similar to the constellations in modern astronomy.

academic titles conferred on the three candidates who came out first at examinations held at three levels

1- Ziweiyuan: Ziweiyuan includes the sky area near the north celestial pole, which is roughly equivalent to Gong Ji star areas such as Big Bear, Little Bear, Tianlong, Wang Xian and Hou Xian. In ancient times, China was named after royal nobles, such as emperor, prince and Taizun.

2- Taiwei Courtyard: Taiwei Courtyard includes some constellations such as girls, latecomers and lions. In ancient times, China was often named after official positions, such as: three public officials, nine ministers, Hu Ben, Guan Cong, Ji Chen, etc.

3- Shi Tian Garden: Shi Tian Garden includes some constellations, such as Snake Man, Immortal, Giant Snake and Eagle. In ancient China, it was named after street merchants, such as Dou, Hu, Si and Lou.

Twenty-eight lodgings Twenty-eight lodgings are also called twenty-eight stars or twenty-eight houses. At first, the ancients chose 28 stars to compare the movements of the sun, the moon, gold, wood, water, fire and earth as observation marks. The meaning of "lodge" is similar to the "palace" of the zodiac, indicating the position of the sun, moon and five stars. In the Tang Dynasty, Twenty-eight Hostels became the main body of the twenty-eight celestial bodies, and these celestial bodies were still named after Twenty-eight Hostels. Different from Sanyuan, as a celestial body, Twenty-eight Hostels are mainly used to divide the ownership of star officials. In addition, there are some star officials who are closely related to these star officials, such as tomb, detached palace, ear, chop, graupel, corpse accumulation, right jurisdiction, left jurisdiction, Changsha, shrine and so on. , respectively, attached to the room, dangerous room, Bi, ginseng, well, ghost, tail, known as auxiliary officials or auxiliary seats.

In the Tang Dynasty, there were 183 stars in 28 places, including auxiliary officials or auxiliary stars. Twenty-eight huts are divided into four groups according to the four directions of northeast, southwest and southwest, and each group has seven huts, which are respectively equipped with four colors and four animal images, and are called four elephants or four places. The corresponding relationship is as follows: Oriental black dragon, cyan; Xuanwu in the north, black; White tiger in the west, white; Southern Suzaku, red.

Twenty-eight huts are divided into four groups according to the order in the above table. Each group has seven huts, with four squares, four colors and four animal images, which are called four elephants or four places. The corresponding relationship between them is as follows: Oriental black dragon (or green dragon), cyan; North Xuanwu (that is, tortoise and snake), black; White tiger in the west, white; Southern Suzaku (or Suzaku), red.

Twenty-eight lodgings with four orientations are based on the morning and evening phenomena around the ancient vernal equinox. At this time, Zhu Bird lived in the south for seven nights, Black Dragon lived in the east for seven nights, Xuanwu lived in the north for seven nights, and White Tiger lived in the west for seven nights. The collocation of four colors is related to the ancient five elements theory. As for the origin of the collocation of dragons, turtles, snakes, tigers and birds, one view is that it is related to the totem of primitive tribes; There is also a theory that it may be related to the seasonal characteristics of these constellations when they are unconscious. For example, seven nights in the south are spring, and birds can be regarded as a symbol of spring and so on.