The most common form of rural medical insurance in China is

At present, there are several forms of rural medical insurance in China, such as cooperative medical care, medical insurance, overall settlement of hospitalization expenses and preventive health care contracts. (1) cooperative medical care is the primary form of rural medical insurance suitable for China's national conditions. The rural cooperative medical system is a rural medical insurance system supported by the government and funded by farmers and rural economic organizations, which implements medical mutual assistance. That is, farmers pay a certain amount of cooperative medical care funds every year, and the collective and the government can also contribute part to form a special fund together. Farmers can reimburse medical expenses according to a certain proportion when they seek medical treatment. In the 1970s, it once covered more than 90% of rural areas. Practice has proved that various forms of rural cooperative medical care is a good way for farmers to resist disease risks through mutual assistance and cooperation, and it is also the key to promote the development of rural health in China. Because there is a tradition of mutual assistance in rural areas, and cooperative medical care has been widely implemented in rural areas, coupled with the great development of rural economy, it can provide necessary financial support for the implementation of social security, so according to the China Statistical Yearbook (1996), cooperative medical care has a great foundation. Feasibility, but rural cooperative medical care also has its limitations. First of all, in theory, rural cooperative medical insurance is essentially a kind of community security, not social security. It is just a kind of welfare system in a certain community, which takes the residents of this community as the protection object and is closely related to the level of community economic development. It is not a national security system enforced by the state, nor does it have the support of the state finance, and it is not a form of national income distribution and redistribution. This form of security is unstable and a transitional form of security supply under certain social and economic conditions. In the absence of social security system, community security is the most suitable substitute, but it is strong in substitution and weak in irreplaceable, and will eventually be replaced by other security supplies. Moreover, community security may aggravate social inequality and market fragmentation: community security is a security system for community members, and the greater the difference of community security in different regions, the more unfavorable it is for the realization of horizontal equality of the whole society; At the same time, community security is likely to aggravate the isolation of "urban and rural barriers" and the division between rural communities, thus adversely affecting economic development. Secondly, judging from the current implementation, although the rural cooperative medical system has been restored and developed to a certain extent in recent years, the progress is slow. From 65438 to 0996, the number of villages implementing cooperative medical care only accounted for 17.6% of the total number of villages in China, and the rural population coverage rate was only 10. 1%, and some areas closed down after only one or two years of development. The main reasons for this situation are as follows: First, leaders have not paid enough attention to it. During the period of 1997, rural cooperative medical care was advocated all over the country, which set off a climax. However, after a period of time, the enthusiasm gradually cooled down, and there was no special person in charge in some areas and it was not well adhered to. Second, there are problems such as too little financing and insufficient subsidies from the collective and the government, which cannot solve the problem of farmers' poverty and returning to poverty due to illness. Third, the supervision and management mechanism is not perfect. In some areas, all medical expenses are even left to township hospitals or the government for their own control, which is seriously misappropriated, without special funds and special management, and farmers' medical expenses reimbursement is not guaranteed, thus refusing to pay, and so on. (2) Medical insurance can play an important role in economic security. Medical insurance has the dual nature of social insurance and commercial insurance, the former is the basic guarantee and the latter is the supplement. At present, the types of insurance provided are enterprise medical insurance, family medical insurance, hospitalization insurance and outpatient insurance. In order to promote the development of medical insurance, the state exempts farmers' medical insurance, farmers' hospitalization insurance, disease medical co-ordination hospitalization insurance and residents' additional hospitalization insurance from business tax. The implementation conditions of medical insurance are relatively high, in which social medical insurance should be based on a high degree of industrialization and a high income level of agricultural population, that is, a large number of high-income insured people need to be forced by national or local laws, and statutory insurance companies have high basic management level and good reputation. On the other hand, commercial health insurance excludes people with poor health. These conditions are not available in most rural areas of China, so they are not suitable for universal promotion. (3) Overall settlement of medical expenses is an effective supplementary form. In some areas, farmers' medical security system is implemented, and each farmer pays 1 yuan every year, and township finance and village public welfare fund allocate 1 yuan respectively. The combination of social pooling and family account can also effectively reduce farmers' medical burden. But the beneficiary of this self-saving social security must first be the payer. If individual farmers do not pay, the collective will not give corresponding subsidies; The more farmers pay, the more the collective subsidies will be. Objectively speaking, the rich are both rich and secure, while the poor are poorer and less secure. This result of "the rich are richer and the poor are poorer" is obviously contrary to the purpose of social security to help the poor and prevent poverty. Related documents involved in this issue: China Statistical Yearbook.

Legal objectivity:

Article 23 of the Social Insurance Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) * * * Employees shall participate in the basic medical insurance for employees, and employers and employees shall pay the basic medical insurance premium in accordance with the provisions of the state. Individual industrial and commercial households without employees, part-time employees who have not participated in the basic medical insurance for employees and other flexible employees can participate in the basic medical insurance for employees, and individuals pay the basic medical insurance premium in accordance with state regulations. "People's Republic of China (PRC) Social Insurance Law" Article 26 The treatment standards of basic medical insurance for employees, new rural cooperative medical care and basic medical insurance for urban residents shall be implemented in accordance with state regulations.