What are Cezanne's artistic views?

Paul Cézanne (Paul Cézanne 1839- 1906) is known as "the father of modern painting". In the long history of artistic development before Cezanne, all painters paid attention to reappearing objective things, while the painter himself was a slave to imitate nature. Cezanne, on the other hand, gave up the traditional artistic concepts and rules, relied entirely on his own independent observation to create, consciously turned his attention to expressing his subjective world, and described the object from the perspective of structure through generalization and selection. It is precisely because of the subjectivity of Cezanne's painting that the whole process of western art was changed, which greatly shocked his later artists and led to the complete liberation of artistic thought. It can be said that modern art began in Cezanne. Cezanne's first artistic point of view is to regard structure as the basis of expressing all objects.

In Cezanne's view, people's perception and feelings are inherently chaotic, and the objects they see are also scattered. In the past, the objects expressed by artists were untrue, because the artists' subjective feelings about the objects would change due to personal emotions and moods. On the other hand, due to the change of light source and environmental conditions, objects will also show different faces. Therefore, it is difficult for people to describe objective and real objects. Cezanne is determined to explore a style, which must be deeply rooted in the inherent essence of things and should exist in people's feelings about things. He finally succeeded, and found the true essence of the object, that is, the structure of the object. He believes that no matter what external conditions or the artist's subjective emotions can change the structure of objects, the artist's duty is to bring the perception of chaos into the program and obtain this structured order in the visual range. He began to understand and generalize all objects from the perspective of structure, which is actually a subjective way to understand and describe objects. In the past, artists painted objects as objectively as possible. Cezanne's original intention is to truly observe and describe objects, but his structural view is quite subjective, which became the basis of modern art later. Cezanne's second point of view is to abandon all traditional rules and paint from scratch.

Out of the original intention of longing for truth, Cezanne believes that many recognized traditional laws cannot lead to the truth of painting. For example, only guiding people's rational perspective creates the illusion of three-dimensional space on the plane, which is far from what we have witnessed. Therefore, Cezanne doesn't use perspective lines and contrast between light and dark to express the spatial relationship as much as possible in his works, but only uses the coordination and contrast of colors to shape the body, showing a three-dimensional and far-reaching sense of space. Cezanne does not intend to follow the traditional oil painting techniques. He always studies the object carefully and thinks about the way of description, as if no one had ever painted it. Sometimes it takes him 20 minutes to draw a stroke. He thinks that to show the structure of an object and achieve a three-dimensional grand effect, it is necessary to arrange the color blocks layer by layer like a bricklayer's wall, so as to show the volume and depth and make it have an architectural three-dimensional sense. Cezanne once said that lines and light and shade do not exist, only the contrast between colors, and the volume of an object is expressed from the precise relationship between colors.