Characteristics of safety management in building construction

First, the characteristics of construction safety production

(1) The construction activity space is narrow, which increases the unsafe factors. The fixity of building products leads to a large number of manpower, materials and machines concentrated in a limited space. When the site is narrow, it is easy to cause injuries such as object strikes due to multi-level crossover operation. At the same time, the huge scale and various external forms of buildings make the safety management methods and safety protection measures need to be adjusted with the development and progress of project types. For the super-high-rise buildings and buildings with special shapes currently under construction in the city, due to the narrow space, the enclosure work is more restricted, which increases the danger of operators and the number of falling accidents.

(2) The flowing environment of construction projects makes the safety management more diversified. Different from other industries, the workplace and work content of the construction industry are dynamic. Great changes have taken place in the safe production of construction projects. In order to adapt to the environmental changes in the construction site, the safety production management personnel must have the ability of continuous learning, pioneering and innovating, and systematically and continuously integrating internal and external resources to meet the challenges of environmental changes and potential safety hazards. Safety production management of construction projects is to adjust the plan and organization to achieve the goal of safety production in the ever-changing production environment. The traditional safety production management of construction projects, people want to make the plan very accurate, but from the perspective of the constraints of project environment and project resources, too accurate planning is right.

In the future, it will lose its orientation and conflict with reality, resulting in management confusion in implementation. Therefore, the safety production management of modern construction projects emphasizes flexibility and effectiveness.

(3) The unsafe factors in the construction site are complicated and changeable. The high energy consumption of building construction, the high intensity of construction work, the noise, heat, harmful gas and dust in the construction site, the large-scale and aerial work of the working objects, and the fact that workers often work in the open air, which is greatly influenced by weather and temperature, are all unfavorable working environments and loads that workers often face. At the same time, the high temperature and cold make the workers' physical strength and attention decrease, and the rainy and snowy weather will also lead to the slippery working face and insufficient lighting at night, which may easily lead to safety accidents.

(4) Non-standardization of construction work increases the risk factors in the construction site. Engineering construction involves many parties and needs a variety of professional and technical knowledge. In addition, China has a vast territory, great regional differences, unbalanced regional development, a large number of construction enterprises, and uneven technical level, personnel quality, technical equipment and financial strength. All these make the management of construction safety production more difficult, with many management levels and complicated management relations. However, the current means of safety control are relatively simple, and many of them only rely on experience and safety inspection, so it is difficult to unify technical standards and form detailed unified management standards.

Second, build a building safety management system.

(1) ideological guarantee system

To do a good job in safety management, we must first handle the relationship between safety and thought. As the saying goes, thought is the soul of the human body, and thought determines behavior. People always do things without the guidance of thought. China will? Safety first, prevention first? As the general policy of safe production, we are also required to attach great importance to safe production ideologically and take all possible measures to nip possible accidents or safety accidents in the bud and minimize the loss of people's lives and property.

Compared with other industries, building construction has the characteristics of long construction period, wide coverage, many overlapping operations, great influence by geographical environment and meteorological conditions, unstable operation of construction personnel, and many hidden dangers of accidents. This requires us to always take safety first as the principle, give priority to prevention, take * * * measures together, comprehensively manage, sound the alarm, and improve everyone's awareness of safe operation from the ideological source.

While managing production, we should also manage safety. In the process of implementing safety management, we should deal with the relationship between safety and danger, the unity of safety and production, the inclusion of safety and quality, the mutual guarantee of safety and speed, and the consideration of safety and efficiency. Can't just focus on immediate interests and ignore safety in production; We can't just focus on safety and ignore production.

(2) Organization guarantee system

Generally speaking, the organization of enterprise or project safety assurance system is composed of safety production leading group and its leading working group, relevant departments (departments, offices and offices), project management department and its full-time and part-time safety management personnel. The company's safety production leading group implements the decision-making function, the working group organizes the implementation according to the decision-making requirements of the leaders, the competent department of elements implements the guidance, service and supervision functions for the project management department, and the project management department implements the safety production measures and requirements through full-time and part-time safety management personnel to achieve the safety management objectives of the construction site.

At present, some enterprises and engineering projects now begin to set up the chief supervision engineer of safety production. He is the staff of the enterprise or engineering project manager in safety production and supervises safety production. The establishment of the chief supervision engineer of production safety is an important requirement for the integration of production safety with international standards, and also an important development of production safety management.

(3) Technical guarantee system

Safety technology in building production involves a wide range of issues, and there are various problems to be solved. On the basis of construction requirements and arrangements, technical design and monitoring management requirements, and related accident research, the technical support system aims at the possible accident elements (unsafe state, unsafe behavior, causes, hazards and injury modes, etc.) and establishes a scientific support system that meets the requirements of safety production management. ). According to the requirements of "Standard for Safety Inspection of Building Construction", the management of unit engineering safety technical data includes ten contents, such as safety production responsibility system, target management, construction organization design, technical disclosure of divisional (sub-divisional) engineering safety, safety inspection, safety education, pre-shift safety activities, special operations with certificates, industrial accident treatment and safety signs. Through sorting out, analyzing and evaluating the safety technical data, organizing implementation and information feedback, accidents in the construction and production process can be controlled or eliminated, major safety accidents and casualties can be eliminated, general safety accidents and minor injuries can be avoided or reduced, and personal and property safety in construction can be guaranteed to the maximum extent.

(4) Information security system

There is a lot of information in construction production, including file information, information, safety construction status information, accident information and so on. The information guarantee system of safety construction consists of the compilation of information outline, the report and statistics of safety construction and accidents, and the analysis and management of information. With the development of science and technology, information networking has unconsciously penetrated into all aspects of safety production management. Safety production management information network is the most prominent feature of current safety management science, and the collection, transmission, processing and control system of safety production information is an important infrastructure of modern safety management. With the development of information expressway construction, various information management systems composed of networks and their integrated systems have been established by foreign safety production authorities, which also provides reference for the information system construction in China.