Conditions for sustainable agricultural development

It's better to farm than to farm, to forest than to forest, and to wood than to wood": optimizing the development layout and upgrading agricultural production capacity

"We need to safeguard food security as well as address agricultural pollution, which calls for a change in the mode of agricultural development and the realization of the goal of protection in development and development in protection." Chen Xiaohua, vice minister of the Ministry of Agriculture, pointed out at the briefing that, at present, we have to have a comprehensive understanding of the sustainable development of agriculture, one is our ability to guarantee food security should be sustainable, to ensure that the 1.3 billion people's rice bowls in their own hands; the second is to realize the sustainable use of agricultural resources, leaving good fertile land and green water and green hills to our children and grandchildren.

In this regard, the "Plan" proposed to optimize the layout of agricultural production, strengthen the construction of agricultural production capacity, promote the development of eco-cycling agriculture, by 2020, the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress in agriculture reached more than 60%, the main crops cultivation and planting and harvesting of integrated mechanization level reached more than 68%.

"The Plan divides the country into optimized development zones, moderate development zones and protected development zones, and determines the focus of sustainable agricultural development in different regions in accordance with the principles of adapting to local conditions, advancing in a step-by-step manner, and applying measures in a categorical manner." Chen said this means that not every region follows one development model. Optimization development area is to achieve stable development of agriculture under the premise of saving and intensive use of resources; moderate development area has limited resources and environmental conditions, to achieve moderate development under the condition of protecting the resources; protection development area should focus on recuperation and recuperation, focusing on the function of ecological protection.

"While optimizing the agricultural layout, it is also necessary to reduce agricultural water consumption, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and other inputs, and vigorously develop ecological agriculture and green agriculture." The key, Chen said, is to adjust the structure of the agricultural industry and choose production methods that are suitable for resource conditions, "where agriculture is appropriate, where forests are appropriate, and where wood is appropriate."

"Stabilize the area, improve the quality, and moderately retreat and reduce": protect the arable land resources to achieve sustainable use

In 2014, China's grain production achieved a historic "eleven consecutive increases". However, looking around the world, the current food security situation is not optimistic.

"After 11 years of steady and high production, we are facing new pressure to increase grain production, and how to achieve continued steady and high production, we must strictly protect arable land, stabilize the area sown with grain, and take deep plowing and deep-polishing to improve the quality of arable land." Chen Xiaohua emphasized.

The Plan proposes to protect arable land and promote the sustainable use of farmland. "To develop grain production, the foundation is area assurance, and the way out is yield improvement." Chen Xiaohua pointed out that it is necessary to formulate a master plan, establish an input guarantee mechanism, vigorously carry out the construction of high-standard farmland to protect floods and droughts; establish and improve the work and cadre appraisal mechanism of grain-producing counties, and improve the compensation mechanism for inputs and benefits; and continue to promote the scaling up of grain production. On the basis of regionalization of food production, through various forms of land transfer, cultivate grain growers and farmers' professional cooperatives, vigorously develop the farm operation cooperatives on behalf of plowing, management and collection of farm machinery, the implementation of pest control, the development of agricultural social services, and gradually realize the mode of agricultural production, "small property rights, big business" pattern.

"One control, two reductions, three basic": the management of surface pollution, the repair of agro-ecology

The Ministry of Environmental Protection released the results of the survey, the current national polluted cropland of about 150 million mu, cropland contamination of the overall point exceeded the standard rate of up to 19.4%, of which the medium degree of pollution accounted for 1.8%, the heavy pollution accounted for 1.1%, and the pollution of the whole country is not only a source of pollution, but also an important factor in the development of the agricultural industry. 1.1 percent.

"At present, China's agricultural surface pollution is serious, although the corresponding measures taken around the country, but agricultural film residues, straw burning and other issues have not been well resolved. In the future, the governance of rural environmental pollution, both to fight a war of attrition and a protracted war." Chen pointed out that the Plan specifies the goal of "one control, two reductions, three basic" to combat rural pollution.

He specifically analyzed that "one control" is to control the total amount of water used in agriculture, delineate the red line of agricultural water use and the red line of utilization coefficient, and put forward the goal of keeping the national agricultural water consumption at 372 billion cubic meters by 2020, with the effective utilization coefficient of farmland irrigation water reaching 0.55. The "two reductions" are to reduce the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, to achieve zero growth in the application of both by 2020, to prevent and reduce over-fertilization and blind fertilization, to improve the accuracy and utilization of fertilizers through soil testing and formulation, and to encourage farmers to replace chemical fertilizers with green manure and farmyard fertilizers in order to cultivate the ground. "Three basic" refers to the "dead animals and poultry disposal, film residue, straw burning" three basic work, through the use of resources to solve the problem.

"These pollutants mentioned above are mainly endogenous pollution of agriculture, in addition to the Ministry of Agriculture will also work with relevant departments to manage exogenous pollution of agriculture, pollution in the rural areas outside the door.