Cultivation techniques of fruit trees

Fruit tree cultivation techniques include site selection, temperature control, temperature control and pruning.

1, site selection

The selection of fruit tree planting sites needs to comprehensively consider local environment, temperature, soil quality, weather changes and other factors. In addition, according to the demand of fruit trees for growth environment, the planting location should be selected reasonably. For example, hawthorn trees should be planted in slightly acidic sandy loam with fertile soil, deep and loose soil layer and good drainage.

2. Temperature control

The growth and development of fruit trees need high temperature, neither too high nor too low. In order to control the temperature effectively, the protected cultivation method can be adopted. This method can reasonably control the indoor temperature and make the fruit setting rate and fruit quality of fruit trees higher than normal. Moreover, the use of protected cultivation can promote the maturity of fruit trees and help seize the market. The price of fruits listed in advance is generally higher, which can also increase the economic benefits of fruit farmers.

In winter, abscisic acid is secreted by fruit trees, and the growth and development of fruit trees will generally stop. In view of this, low temperature technology can be used to prevent fruit trees from natural dormancy, and then fruit trees can be cultivated by adjusting the temperature to effectively control the fruit setting time and fruit setting rate. It should be noted that the temperature control should be appropriate and the temperature difference should not be too large.

3. Fertilizer and water management

Fertilization management. Fertilizer can provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of fruit trees. In the process of fruit tree growth, fertilization should be scientific and reasonable according to the growth situation of each stage. The amount of fertilization needs to be determined according to the size of fruit trees. If the amount of fertilization is too large, it is easy to cause seedling burning.

At the same time, topdressing should be done in time to ensure that it can meet the nutritional needs of fruit tree growth and flower bud differentiation. It is suggested that a small amount of fertilizer should be applied more, so that the applied fertilizer can be fully absorbed without causing waste. There are many options for topdressing, such as special compound fertilizer for trees and plant ash.

Irrigation and drainage management. After fertilization, water it in time. The alkalinity of irrigation water should not be too high, and of course it should not be too acidic. In the heavy rainfall season, we should pay attention to the drainage of the orchard to avoid excessive water accumulation and affect root respiration.

prune

In order to ensure the normal ventilation and lighting of each fruit tree, it is necessary to prune the branches of the fruit tree to avoid uneven light reception caused by mutual shielding between the branches of the fruit tree. Deciduous fruit trees should be pruned during the dormant period from defoliation to germination. Pruning should be done before germination in cold areas and after defoliation in warm areas. Evergreen fruit trees should be pruned after picking or before sprouting in spring.

Pruning methods include short cutting, coring, drying, slow release, carving, ring cutting (ring stripping), twisting tips or soft branches. The pruning method should be selected according to the tree and local conditions. Generally speaking, the main branches should maintain vigorous growth; The growth potential of auxiliary branches should be slowed down in time to transform them into fruiting branches; Old and weak branches need pruning and updating in time.

Matters needing attention in fruit tree transplantation are as follows:

1. Before transplanting, reject unqualified and inferior seedlings, and select improved varieties and strong seedlings. Fruit trees with serious roots can be soaked for several hours before transplanting. Before planting, the roots should be dipped in mud or lime to promote the rapid recovery of root growth, improve the survival rate and shorten the slow seedling stage. If the lateral roots are dead, damaged, too long or have pests and diseases, they should be cut off smoothly to facilitate wound healing.

2. The depth and diameter of the tree pit should be larger than the root system, and the bottom of the pit should be flat to prevent the root system from nesting when planting seedlings; Select high-quality organic fertilizer, apply sufficient base fertilizer and mix it with pit soil, pay attention to the front, back, left and right alignment, spread roots by hand in layers, and spread roots around to cover fine topsoil; The planting depth should be appropriate, and the roots of seedlings should be slightly higher than the surface after soil subsidence, so as to prevent the joints from being buried in the soil and reducing the effect, or being harmed by pests and diseases and rot.