Traditional automobile industry report

As cars enter thousands of households, people know more about cars. This big object, which consists of body, power, chassis and electricity, has become the most frequently used travel tool.

When it comes to the quality of a car, everyone can say a few words, such as whether the body looks good or not, whether the power is strong or not, and whether the chassis is comfortable or not, but few people will talk about the electrical part of the car, because in most people's judgment standards, the electrical part is not the standard to measure whether a car is excellent or not.

It is true that since 1960s+0920s, with the development of electronic technology, more and more electronic products have been applied to automobiles. For example, more and more lamps and lanterns are applied to cars, and there are lighting systems; ABS system is established through the cooperation of sensor controller and actuator. With the improvement of people's requirements for quality of life, people's requirements for in-car entertainment are getting higher and higher, which forms a set of in-car entertainment system. ...

Judging the standard of a car, you may not think of the electrical parts of the car, but no one can ignore its importance to a car. The command of these electrical parts is realized through the electronic and electrical architecture.

What is electronic and electrical architecture? Simply put, the electronic and electrical architecture is to integrate all kinds of sensors, CPU, wiring harness topology, electronic and electrical distribution system, software and hardware in the automobile to realize the configuration and function of the whole vehicle, as well as the distribution of operation, power and energy. Electronic and electrical architecture develops with the increase of automobile functions. At present, mainstream auto companies have begun to focus on layout.

Consumer demand has promoted the development of technology, and the traditional electronic architecture has been challenged.

Emerging consumer ideas and consumer demand have promoted the rapid growth of new technologies and industries. It may be hard to imagine that when karl friedrich Benz developed the world's first carriage tricycle in 1885, it was only a pure mechanical product.

In the 1950s, there were almost no electronic devices in cars, such as 1957 Chevrolet Bel? Air, for example, has a very simple internal structure and only includes several independent systems such as lighting management system and electronic dashboard system. Nowadays, the car has become a smart life cockpit that can talk to passengers and replace the owner to achieve partial automatic driving.

Of course, this is not enough. At present, the "new four modernizations" of automobiles are leading important changes in the automobile industry. User experience system, entertainment system, interactive system and active safety function are constantly improving and upgrading, and automobile functions will become more and more diverse and complex. Electronic modules and electrical equipment carried by automobiles will continue to grow at an unprecedented speed.

However, the traditional electronic and electrical architecture adds new functions by adding ECU, which will lead to more and more wire harnesses, which not only increases the load of the whole vehicle, but also brings complicated optimization layout problems and is unsustainable. It is difficult for the traditional automobile electronic and electrical architecture to continue to support the continuous increase of computing power, on-board electronic equipment and automobile functions.

Evolution process of automobile electrical architecture

In order to reduce the number of wire harnesses, a large amount of data is transmitted at high speed through multiple local area networks. The German electric company Bosch reported in 1986? CAN (controller? Area? Network) bus communication protocol. Since then, CAN has been standardized by ISO/KOOC-0//KOOC-0/898 and ISO/KOOC-0//KOOC-0/5/KOOC-0/9, and has gradually become the standard communication protocol of European automobile networks. 199 1 Mercedes-Benz W 140 is the first car loaded with CAN bus in the world.

High-speed CAN bus structure

Then Delphi put forward the concept of electronic and electrical architecture (EEA). Through the integration of several independent electronic control systems and the overall one-stop design, the optimal layout of functional components, equipment and wiring harness is realized, which ensures the normal operation of automobile powertrain, drive and entertainment systems and improves system efficiency.

Here's a simple example, Tesla model? 3 The total cable length of the whole vehicle reaches 1.5km, and then it is in the model? Y becomes1000 mm, so the benefits can be imagined, such as lower failure rate, lighter weight and lower cost, all because of the improvement brought by the evolution of electronic and electrical architecture.

Top view of Tesla wiring architecture

Major car companies have a comprehensive layout, focusing on integration, openness and cloud update.

In order to adapt to the development of the industry and meet the needs of consumers, major car companies are accelerating the layout of electronic and electrical architecture, integrating EEA, AUTOSAR and FOTA? Cloud update has become a key development direction, and is committed to realizing that every automobile product is made of intelligent and evolvable electronic and electrical architecture.

Development progress of electronic and electrical architecture in various automobile enterprises

European automobile companies such as Volkswagen, BMW, Mercedes-Benz and Volvo are developing automotive electronic and electrical architectures based on a new high-performance computing platform (HPC).

For example, Volkswagen will simplify the automotive electronic and electrical architecture and reduce the number of electronic control units, which will come from? 200? Multiple suppliers? 70? The three control units are combined into three central on-board computers, and the central computer is responsible for entertainment, safety, battery management, body control and other functions, further realizing the integration of functions.

Cars in Volkswagen's software department. ? software

Moreover, in order to ensure the leading position of automotive innovation and shorten the semiconductor development cycle, Volkswagen has launched a strategic semiconductor plan in cooperation with Infineon, the world's leading semiconductor supplier, to provide mature and advanced technical solutions for Volkswagen in the future and accelerate the trend of automotive electrification and automation.

Gm also introduced a new generation of electronic and electrical architecture, Global? B, designed to handle a large number of basic data loads as cars become smarter.

Gm's next-generation electronic and electrical architecture will be used for electrification, active safety, in-vehicle entertainment, intelligent interconnection and Super? Cruise technology upgrade provides system support. It can handle up to 4.5 per hour? TB data is five times higher than the current general electronic architecture, equivalent to about 500 movies, and supports OTA upgrade. This architecture has taken the lead in the 2020 Cadillac CT5.

Cadillac electronic and electrical construction

Of course, independent brands are not idle. As the leader of its own brand, Geely announced the opening of the "Technology Geely 4.0 Era" at this year's Chengdu Auto Show, and released the CMA Super Matrix. Through the centralized distribution structure, the electrical and electronic architecture of CMA super matrix can be upward compatible with fast iterative automotive electronic products, and traditional fuel, hybrid and pure electric can develop together with the architecture, ensuring the consistency of vehicle driving performance and meeting the future evolution of vehicles in 15 years.

Super parent electronic and electrical architecture

Moreover, in terms of key bus data, the transmission rate of FlesxPay bus adopted by CMA Super Matrix is 20 times higher than that of traditional automobile CAN bus, which ensures that the products bred by CMA Super Matrix enter the 5G era one step ahead.

Of course, when it comes to electronic and electrical architecture, Tesla must be mentioned. The biggest difference from traditional car companies is that Tesla's electrical architecture has many advantages, such as safety, convenient OTA update, and few wiring harnesses. The self-developed FSD chip realizes redundant architecture at low cost and is equipped with two neural network accelerators, which has excellent performance.

Tesla FSD chip structure

Especially in OTA cloud update, Tesla can upgrade its system (OTA) like a smart phone, while the OTA of traditional car companies is limited to the functions such as maps in the in-vehicle infotainment system, and cannot remotely control or upgrade the functions related to vehicle parts like Tesla.

Write at the end:

Undoubtedly, with the continuous advancement of the "new four modernizations", the automotive electrical part will become more and more important, which requires more advanced electronic and electrical architecture. Especially with the introduction of 5G technology, autonomous driving requires higher computing power and more sensors, and the rapid electronization inside the car will accelerate the evolution of electronic and electrical architecture. I believe that in the future, more automobile manufacturers will be eager to launch their constantly updated vehicle electronic and electrical architecture, just like launching their vehicle platforms. (The picture is from the Internet, please contact the editor to delete it. )

This article comes from car home, the author of the car manufacturer, and does not represent car home's position.