Couplet and its origin and short story about it

[English translation] antithesis, antithetical couplet, a pair of antithetical phrases

Couplet is the elegant name for "couplet". Couplets are independent chapters consisting of two neatly organized couplet phrases. Its basic features are equal number of words, relative tone of words; similarity of words, similar syntax; semantic correlation, comparable language. Couplets as a kind of elegant and popular ****appreciation of literary genres and cultural phenomena, bred in the "parallelism" and "law sentence" in the formation of the "parallelism" and "poetry". It was conceived in "ejiao" and "liuzhi", formed after "ewen" and "liuzhi", and independent of "ewen" and "liuzhi"; it is also compatible with the art of calligraphy, and developed in "ewen" and "liuzhi". It is also in line with the art of calligraphy and developed on top of "parallelism" and "metrical poetry". Couplets are a brand of literature and a cultural phenomenon with Chinese characteristics, which cannot be translated, rewritten or transplanted.

The length of the couplets varies, the short ones are only one or two words; the long ones can be more than a thousand words. The form of couplets is diverse, there are positive, negative, running water pair, joint ball pair, set sentence pair and so on. But no matter what kind of couplets, using what form, but also must have the following characteristics:

First, to equal number of words, the same sentence. In addition to the intention to empty the position of a word to achieve a certain effect, the number of words must be the same, no more, no less.

Second, to the level of the oblique, tonal harmony. The traditional custom is "oblique start flat fall", that is, the last word of the last sentence of the first line with oblique tone, the last word of the last line of the second line with flat tone.

Third, to the relative nature of the word, the same position. Generally known as "virtual to virtual, real to real", that is, noun to noun, verb to verb, adjective to adjective, quantifier to quantifier, adverb to adverb, and the relative words must be in the same position.

Fourth, to content related, the upper and lower connection. The meanings of the upper and lower couplets must be connected to each other, but not overlapping.

In addition, hanging couplets, the traditional method must be written straight vertical paste, from right to left, from top to bottom, can not be reversed.

With the couplet closely related to the cross, can be said to be the title of the couplet, but also the center of the couplet. A good crossword in the couplet can play the role of a finishing touch, complement each other.

Couplets are one of the unique forms of literature in China, and it is a wonderful combination of calligraphy, and into the Chinese nation's colorful artistic ingenuity. Couplets that "couplets", because in ancient times, more hanging in the hall hall pillar and named. According to the Song History? Shu Shijia", five generations after the Lord of Shu Meng Chang had in the New Year's Day to write "the new Na Yuqing, festivals No. Changchun" peach couplets, hanging in the palace to welcome the spring and pray for blessings, and later generations will be cited as the first example of the couplets, more than a thousand years of history. Since the Ming Dynasty, the use of couplets of the growing trend, and the New Year's festivals have a relationship with the Spring Festival couplets have gradually broken through the scope of the original belonging, or the title of the swimming mountains and rivers and scenic spots, or to praise the scenery of the year, or to express the feelings of the heart, to become a widely used form of stylistic expression.

Chinese calligraphy is profound and profound, the flavor is infinite, seal script, regular script, cursive and rows of all styles, or to the male sinking and robust, elegant and simple, or to the handsome and dashing, gentle and beautiful for the win, all to give a person to Taoran will be the elegance of the aesthetics. Couplets are condensed, neat and strict, the number of words in the couplet varies from four to many words, with five or seven lines of poetry and eight lines of text as common, covering a wealth of content, several poems, aphorisms, aphorisms, proverbs, and even the vernacular language can be, the standard is beautiful and elegant, and is really an eye-opening, word-for-word chapter. Therefore, integrating calligraphy and couplets, savoring the poetry and philosophy of beautiful texts in the ink and writing, and appreciating the style and charm of good books between words and phrases are indeed the perfect embodiment of humanistic art. Throughout the ages, the scholarly music as a reward for gifts, the literati good will be this elegant hanging wall, when it is the book of the double beauty, the charm of the art of fun together, people for the love of the everlasting.

The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage, May 20, 2006, the folklore approved by the State Council in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

The Folklore of the Pillar

Yantao

As we enter the month of Lunar New Year, the root of the year is approaching, and it is time to change the old peaches into the new symbols in thousands of households. In ancient times, people hung two pieces of mahogany boards on the front door painted or inscribed with the name of the god of the door, which was thought to drive away evil spirits, and then on New Year's Eve, the Spring Festival couplets were pasted on it, so the peach symbols were borrowed to refer to the Spring Festival couplets.

Couplets, also known as pillar stickers, pairs, couplets, composed of the upper and lower couplets, is written on paper, cloth, or carved or hung or pasted on wood, bamboo, columns on the pair of statements. There are no rules for the number of words, and the couplets can be neat and tidy. Chunlian is just a kind of couplets, in addition, when the marriage is called wedding sticker, birthday sticker is called life, mourning the dead is called the couplets, and so on, to name a few.

According to the Qing dynasty Ji Xiaolan said, China's earliest couplets is the five generations after the young master of Shu Meng Chang in his own bedroom door on the peach board inscription "New Year's Day, Jiajie No. Changchun" (see "Shu Legend".) Recently, it is also believed that the couplets were made in the early 20th century, the first time in China, the first time in China. Recently, it has been suggested that the Dunhuang Peach Symbol Inscription from the middle of the Tang Dynasty is the earliest preserved couplet ever found in China.

According to the rhetorical techniques, the couplets have multiple number couplets, color orientation couplets, multiple harmonic couplets, multiple double couplets, the same paraphrase couplets, multiple splitting and combining word couplets, flick and even couplets (i.e., transfer couplets), back to the text of the couplets, word contradiction couplets, and the turn of the product couplets, etc., which is clever and novel and can be called the clever couplets and clever pairs. If no one can come up with the next couplet or the first couplet, the ancients called the couplets that are difficult to form a pair "absolute" or "hanging couplet". According to legend, the Northern Song Dynasty poet and calligrapher Huang Tingjian was young when he left the boat Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang City) to Suzhou and Hangzhou, the boatman heard that it is a local talent, they will chant a couplet to try its talent: "driving a flat boat, swinging two paddles, three or four pieces of canopy, sitting on five or six guests, over the seven-mile beach, to the eight-mile lake, leaving the Jiujiang has been ten miles". This link has one to ten numbers, and the name of the place, so that Huang Tingjian not only at that time did not right, after many years of fame is still puzzled, and so far no one can continue. Also in the Northern Song Dynasty, Chancellor Wang Anshi during the reign of Emperor Shenzong had three difficulties Su Dongpo, one of which was out of the three lines of the couplet couplet "a year and two spring double August, the earth twice spring and autumn," "seven miles of ponds, line to the half-pond three miles and a half," "Iron Urn City West, the gold, jade and silver mountains, three treasures". That year coincided with the leap month of August, and the first month and the waxing of spring twice, so the first sentence of the first line; Suzhou Jinlu Gate to the Huchu Hill under the section of the road seven miles long, the local people called "pond", in the middle of the place called "three miles and a half", the second line is coincidentally here; the third line is also strange coincidence, because Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, ancient name of the Iron Urn City, near the Yangtze River, there are gold, silver (also known as Jiao Shan) and jade (also known as the Beigu Shan), the United Nations in the gold, Silver, jade, a veritable "three treasures". Even though Su Dongpo was a genius, he pondered for a long time, but he could not make a pair. In the late Qing Dynasty, Guangxu years, Jiangxi Nanchang magistrate Jiang Mou presided over justice, but was killed by foreign priests, the country for the indignation. Beijing celebrities Jiang Kang Hu in the South Second Ring Road side of the Taoranting (also known as Jiang Ting) Park, held a memorial service for the Jiang County, when someone wrote a couplet to "Jiang's in Jiang Ting memorial Jiang County, Jiangxi", but so far no one can continue. In Guangdong Yunan County, there was a talented woman called White Flower, out of a couplet "living in Chang'an, out of Dong'an, look than Pan'an, talent than Xie'an, to repair themselves to An, repair themselves to An people" for the right, the first two "An" is the name of the place, the middle of the two "An" is a person's name, and the last two "An" is out of the "Analects of Confucius's quote, apt to the very end, but unfortunately, so far, is still the absolute. She also came up with a couplet "Bee hive maple tree knot, the wind blowing maple leaves to cover the bee door" to seek a couplet, but also a long time hanging fruitless.

Some of the absolute years and days, there are really talented people to continue. Once upon a time, in Sichuan Luzhou White Tower Street, there is a yellow blacksmith in charge of the furnace of the blacksmith store, someone to yellow blacksmith iron as the subject of writing a couplet "White Tower Street, yellow blacksmith, red furnace, burning black charcoal, smoke, flash blue, quenching the purple iron, sitting in the north to the south to play something", embedded in the seven colors of the four directions, very wonderful, for many years no one has been able to continue the next couplet. Now, someone on the "Danshuiwan, bitter farmers, wearing cool hats, bending sour waist, top spicy sun, salty sweat, cut sweet cane, raising wives, teaching children and grandchildren", to six tastes plus a "cool" word on the seven colors, to the wife, children and grandchildren on the North, South and East-West, although slightly inferior, but the pairing is neat and the mood is similar, are expressed the bottom of the working people's hardships, so the author thought that this stanza can be "removed from the suspension". Some people to Wang Anshi's "iron urn city west, gold, jade and silver mountain three treasures" renewed a "Chinese country, Confucius, Mencius and Mozi a saint". The words used in the couplet are far-fetched, and the meaning is far away from each other. The famous Tang poem "Smoke Locked Pond Willow", its side containing the five elements of gold, wood, water, fire and earth, since the Ming Dynasty, the continuation of many, such as "Jisu Chen Xianzhong", "lamps drape the Jin Threshold Wave", "bells sinking Taipai lights", "Cannon rack Zhenjiang City", "Cannon Zhen Haicheng Building" and so on. I thought that the requirements of the same side of the league, although reached, but the mood is too far apart, in addition to the end of the league, the rest of the unavoidable suspicion of a dog's tail.

In practice, the coupling is not punctuated, different breaks, the meaning is different, or even the opposite, will give rise to many witty and humorous anecdotes. Once upon a time, "Yangzhou eight monsters," one of the Zhu Zhishan had to a rich gentleman with a penchant for money wrote a spring couplet "tomorrow in the spring is good not bad luck; years of inverted luck less than a surplus of wealth," the rich gentleman read: "tomorrow in the spring is good, not bad luck, years of inverted luck less than a surplus of wealth." He was very happy, so he paid a lot of money. After hosting a banquet and personally send Zhu Zhishan out of the village. Who knows just into the door of the house will hear someone outside the door read aloud: "tomorrow spring, good luck; all year round bad luck, less surplus wealth." The rich gentry angry seven smoke, but have no choice but to admit their own bad luck. This kind of thing, Zhu Zhishan did more than once. He in order to teach a mean and stingy rich man, to its new house inscribed a couplet. He chanted and wrote: "This house is safe, can live for a long time; the master is good, not sad." The rich man was quite pleased to hear it, but the guests all snickered. The guests snickered, because without repeating the words, it was clear that "This house is safe to live in for a long time? The master is not sad!"

Once upon a time, Hangzhou, there is a science field for many years failed to graduate, special to the Qiantang River Liuhe Tower, climbed the tower gazing at the pessimism and disappointment in the tower wall book a couplet "look at the sky, empty look at the sky, every day free to look at the empty sky," do not want to leave a sentence so far no one can be right absolutely. Some people will be good, with, why, ask the four words split out of a thousand years absolute: "good woman Heiyou born, ask the door, who can match?"

Couplets are a unique art form passed down from our ancestors, which can be called: the sea without end, profound and profound.

Couplets of reading

Couplets are the treasures of traditional Chinese culture, a unique form of literature in China, with a history of more than a thousand years. The works of reading as the theme of the couplets have been favored by scholars and writers, masters and famous artists and the general public because of their bookish fragrance and tranquil rhyme. Or self-excitement, or gift to friends, or feelings, or express feelings, in our country's literary history has left a rich reading league treasures and masterpieces, its content, mood, style colorful as beautiful flowers in a hundred gardens. Happily coinciding with the thirteenth "World Book Day", I would like to pick up a few **** appreciation.

Fu, good, happy, happy, eternal complex. Reading association often these auspicious and beautiful complex for the "God", and to embellish the text. Qing Wu Xi contains a short couplet: "reading to repair the blessing, peace and quiet to raise God". Li Zhaoluo also has a couplet: "nothing this meditation, blessed party reading". Wang Wenzhi, a great calligrapher, wrote a couplet: "The world is blessed with peace through reading, and people who study Buddhism have many happy destinies". Ming General Zheng Chenggong: "Nurturing the heart is not good desire, the most joyful as reading", and the Song Dynasty rationalist Zhu Xi, "where to find the joy of reading, a few plum blossoms heaven and earth heart" has the same flavor. Qing dynasty Qianlong scholar Gu Guangxu joint cloud: "all things are as good as the joy of reading, a hundred flowers than the fragrance of the book", more "for the good", "reading" to "all things "

The study of the world's most important things in the world is a great opportunity to learn about the world's most important things, and to learn how to read.

Exhortation, noble pursuit. Ming Gala Chongguang had written a couplet "poorly because of the knowledge of things less, the old regret reading late", and Tang Yan Zhenqing's ancient famous line "black hair do not know that hard work early, white head regret reading late" can be described as a time spanning hundreds of years of hard work to read the "sister chapter"! "I am not sure if this is a good idea, but it is a good idea. By recalling the "closed home to read the family collection of books", "make up for the reading of life has not seen the book" ancient couplets, chest immediately surged Du Fu "men must read five car books" and Deng Tuo Deng Tuo's sense of urgency: "If you have a book, read it quickly". The relationship between reading (knowledge) and practice (behavior), and the reasoning that practice produces true knowledge are often expressed in the ancient couplets. Su Shi has a couplet: "Don't get tired of learning for ten years, read through ten thousand volumes of poetry is more beautiful", can not help but remind people of "the mountain of books has a path of diligence, the sea of learning has no end of hard work as a boat" and "feet travel thousands of miles, the belly of the book storage more than ten thousand volumes! "The two famous couplets and the ancient motto of reading ten thousand books and traveling ten thousand miles. Lin Zexu in the Qing Dynasty was poor at an early age, he had a bookstore coupling said: "home small building heaven and earth, the case of the remaining lamps have no knowledge", extremely said that his adversity and self-improvement and determination to read the spirit, and ultimately achieved its national generals national heroes of life. Today, Fan Wenlan joint "bench to sit ten years cold, the article does not write an empty sentence", can be called a model of the spirit of learning, reading in the United States boutique.

Cultivation and virtue, the lofty realm. Qing Wang Gong has written a couplet, "not because of the fruit of hard work to cultivate virtue, not for the beginning of the study of fame and fortune", showing its reading and cultivation of virtue and not trying to achieve fame and fortune of the mind. "With the liver and guts people **** things, from no words to read", is Comrade Zhou Enlai's self-exhortation, here refers to read life, society, practice of this "big book", deep philosophy, but also from a side of Premier Zhou's merits and virtues of a thousand years of public opinion of a vivid portrayal. Xu old man had to a young man presented couplet: "about the family and the country book often read, not beneficial to the body and mind," just fourteen words, the old revolutionaries encourage young people, the award of the latter's deep feelings jumped to the paper.

Befriending, good manners. The Qing Jiaqing scholar Bao Shichen has a joint: "happy to have two eyes bright, more friends; hate no ten years of leisure, read all the strange books", a profound meaning, out of his time to read the burning desire to choose friends and the principles of the world. Wang Wenzhi has two other couplets: "Good books after the realization of the three months, good friends come when the four seats of the spring", "to get good friends like the moon, there are strange books to read better than watching the flowers", the joy of reading and making friends, enjoying the moon, watching the flowers of such a good time of life and a comfortable state of mind, which shows that it will be the most enjoyable thing in life to read! It is clear that he regarded reading as the most enjoyable thing in life. Speaking of reading and appreciating flowers, there is a wonderful couplet on reading and appreciating flowers in Suzhou's Liouyuan Garden. The first line is: "reading to take the right, read easy to take the change, read the Sao to take the quiet, read the Zhuang to take the da, read the Chinese text to take the firm, the most flavor in the volume of the years"; the second line is: "and chrysanthemums with the wild, with the plum with the sparse, with the Lotus with the clean, with orchids with the same fragrance, with the Begonia with the rhyme, because of the self-proclaimed flowers in the fairy". The first couplet says reading, said the "Shangshu", "I Ching", "Li Sao", "Zhuangzi" and Han Dynasty poetry, each with its own characteristics, it is appropriate to read in different ways, in order to get the essence. The next couplet is about flower appreciation, referring to chrysanthemums, plums, lotus, orchids and begonias, each with its own character, which should be carefully appreciated and savored, in order to get the fun of it, and to enter a higher level of aesthetics. This couplet integrates knowledge, fun in a furnace, ingenious and chic, reading is marvelous.