Chongqing Folk Art in Chongqing Traditional Culture

In 1980s, on the basis of inheriting the woodblock New Year pictures, Qijiang people endowed this ancient art with deeper connotation and artistic language. The old trees bloom with new flowers, and the farmer prints in Qijiang glow with new vitality. With the guidance and strong support of famous artists such as Niu Wen, Chairman of Chongqing Artists Association, Zhu Xuanxian, Executive Vice Chairman of Chongqing Artists Association and Director of Chongqing Folk Art Exhibition Office, 1983 and 1983 "Qijiang Farmers' Prints Exhibition" were successfully exhibited in Fuzi, Chongqing, and in 10 in Beijing China Art Museum. Later, it was exhibited in 18 cities across the country, and it also crossed the ocean. Exhibited in Japan, the United States, Britain, Canada, Switzerland, Norway and other 14 countries and regions. Wherever it goes, it is deeply loved and widely collected by museums at home and abroad. Today, China Art Museum has collected more than 70 farmer prints in Qijiang. Won more than 80 national awards/time, and nearly 100 provincial and municipal awards/time. Qijiang peasant painting is called the modernist school of China by the art world; Sichuan Provincial Department of Culture, Sichuan Artists Association, Chongqing Municipal People's Government and Chongqing Municipal Bureau of Culture successively awarded Qijiang County the honorary title of "Hometown of Farmers' Printmaking". From 65438 to 0988, the Ministry of Culture officially named Qijiang County as the hometown of modern folk painting in China. The Japan-China Art Research Association made a special trip from Japan to Qijiang to present three gold cups in recognition of the achievements of farmers' printmaking in Qijiang. State-level media such as CCTV's "All over China", Xinhua News Agency and China Culture Newspaper introduced Qijiang farmers' prints. Chongqing Daily, Chongqing TV Station, Guangxi TV Station and other mainstream media have repeatedly publicized Qijiang farmers' prints. Foreign media such as Toulouse newspaper in France, Yellow River TV in the United States and Print World magazine in Japan also reported on farmers' prints in Qijiang.

Tongliang Dragon Lantern is a dragon dance lantern with dragons as its main props, which originated in Tongliang County. From the production of dragon lantern ribbons to dance rehearsal, it is a comprehensive art that integrates national dance, music, art and handicrafts. Tongliang Dragon Lantern has a long history, which began in Sui and Tang Dynasties and flourished in Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the Republic of China 12 (1923), Liu Lianshan, a folk artist of Tongliang, took the advantages of various dragon lanterns and created a crawling dragon. Its shape is complete, the size of Buron or Feilong, and it looks like a snake or earthworm when playing dance. Slow is light, beautiful and elegant, fast is jumping, magnificent and spectacular. 1984 On the first day of New Year's Day, Tongliang took part in the dragon lantern show in Chongqing with a 54-meter-long climbing dragon, which made him famous. In the same year, folk artist Jiang Yulin and others tied up nine giant crawling dragons, went to Beijing to attend the National Day ceremony, and danced and reviewed in front of Tiananmen Square, becoming famous in one fell swoop. Since then, it has won the first prize in five national competitions and several gold medals. There are many kinds, including dragon lanterns and colored lights. Dragon lanterns include creeping dragon, dragon, fire dragon, colorful dragon, Wolong, grass dragon and so on. There are carp yue longmen, loach eating glutinous rice balls, Ming lion, mountain tiger, eighteen bachelors, rhinoceros looking at the moon, pig eating pumpkin, three dragons and so on. NB 153？ , clam shell essence, etc. Plus all kinds of decorative handicrafts, there are hundreds of varieties. The dance routines of Tongliang Dragon Lantern are rich, and the dance varies with different props and tastes. The main feature is to show great momentum with big props, big moves and big scenes, with cheerful folk percussion and fierce folk fireworks to set off a warm festive atmosphere. Its adaptability is strong, and it can be performed in streets, squares, farmhouses and dams, and it can also be performed on the literary stage, retaining the traditional folk flavor. Its grand event is the Dragon Lantern Festival. Every year from the first day of the first month to the fifteenth day of the first month, various dragon lantern performances will be held in the county. Directed by Huang, arranged by Wang Xingfu, and performed by the Dragon Dance Team of Tongliang County, the dragon dance won the first prize (the highest prize in the competition) in the 2nd Shenyang International Yangko Festival and 1992 National Excellent Yangko and Folk Dance Competition in China, and the bronze prize in the 2nd National Stars Award issued by the Ministry of Culture in the same year. 1994 represented China in the International Dragon and Lion Competition held in Zengcheng, Guangzhou, and won the championship in one fell swoop.

The boatman sounded the horn on the Wujiang River, and the waves were high. When launching, usually 10 or more ships set out in groups. Every time they meet a big beach, they need to concentrate on pulling the fibers together. The boatman's huge horn is solid and sonorous, which can drown out the roar of the river and spread for dozens of miles. Among them, Duoshu is the most typical one, which has no weak beat, no lead singer and no lyrics, and is divided into three groups of five-tone echo cavities. Throughout the aria harmonic progression, the in-situ chords and transpositional chords of Gongdiao appear alternately, and the voice appears bright and strong through perspective. When entering the climax, the rhythm is doubled and the atmosphere is more enthusiastic. When the boat rowed across the beach, with the end of a long sound, the beach was suddenly full of joy. Entering the canyon, it was calm, and the trackers dragged their boats and crawled slowly on the dangerous road. The ferryman leads a slow ballad on the boat (such as making summer), with a melodious and soft voice, relaxed and soft. At the end of the sentence, the tracker on the shore has a long tone for comparison, and there is a long pause between sentences, which can usher in a clear valley echo. When pushing the boat across the dangerous beach, the boatmen shouted the horn of riding in three beats, the first beat was sung by the lead singer, and the rhythm and melody of the second and third beats jumped up and down around the lead singer within four degrees. The French horn is smooth and relaxed. When entering the flat water, most of the boatmen take turns to rest or have a drink. At this time, they will also sing some songs with plots to adjust their lives.

Xiushan Lantern Xiushan County is known as the hometown of lanterns. The Lantern Festival originated from the Lantern Festival of the Han nationality, and then merged with the singing and dancing performance skills of Tujia and Miao people in Xiushan, and developed into an artistic form with novel style and moving singing and dancing, which was deeply loved by the Han, Tu and Miao people. The cast of the Lantern Festival is very small, just as the lyrics of Lantern Festival say: Brother Deng and Sister Hua dance lanterns, while Golden Flower and Silver Flower hold lanterns, two pull strings, four play gongs and drums, and one Andhadhun. Brother Yao and sister Yao will come to help. There are thirteen people in the group. Lantern dance can be divided into three types: single lamp, double lamp and lantern show. The single lamp was performed by two once ugly characters. Dan Jiao is called Sister Yao or Sister Hua. Most men dress up as women, wear fake braids, floral skirts and short bibs, holding a silk-edged flower folding fan in their right hand and a colored towel in their left hand. A clown beggar or beggar wears a fur coat, a belt, a melon hat or a headscarf, and a big cattail fan in his right hand. Double-flowered lanterns are ugly or ugly. Lantern Opera is similar to Hunan ancient painting opera, which shows a complete story. There are more than 200 vocabularies of lantern dance, such as snow covered, rhinoceros looking at the moon, toad playing in the water, white crane shining its wings, lotus sweeping the floor, dragonflies and so on. This dance is performed on a miniature stage with a square table. Hanako took the stage first, excused herself, invited Huamei to take the stage, and began to sing and dance, with delicate and accurate movements and unique and funny performances. The lyrics of lanterns are short and pithy, reflecting daily life, love and marriage, production knowledge, historical stories and local anecdotes. Lantern has more than 400 pieces of music, and the musical form is generally a single sentence of 2-4 phrases. The lyrics are mostly five or seven words. The interlining is lively and can be divided into orthophonic and mixed voice. Mixed tune has a strong flavor of life, beautiful mode and beautiful singing, which is the essence of Yuanxiao. Some processed miscellaneous notes, such as tea picking notes, a handful of rape blossoms, boxwood poles, etc. , popular throughout the country, renowned at home and abroad.

Tujia waving dance is a mass dance of Tujia people in Youyang County to sacrifice ancestors, pray for the New Year and celebrate festivals. It is mostly carried out during the third to fifteenth day of the first month of each year, and it is also carried out in the night of late spring and March. At that time, men, women and children will gather in the wave hall or dam, wearing silk scarves (earth-flowered quilt covers), holding dragon and phoenix flags, and carrying shotguns, spears and eyebrow sticks on their shoulders. The wizard wears a hat with a feathered crown, eight skirts around his waist, two bronze bells and a knife in his hand, and dances to command. The gongs and drums are loud, horns and earth trumpets are ringing, three waist spears are lit, and the masses are singing and dancing. There are two forms of swing dance: big swing dance and small swing dance. Big waves are mainly used for sacrifice. It is held every three to five years, with a scale of thousands of people and a grand atmosphere. Small waves are used for general festive activities, with dozens or hundreds of people, and the atmosphere is warm and lively. The movements of hand-waving dance can be divided into single pendulum, double pendulum and rotary pendulum, which show various sacrificial ceremonies, labor and fighting movements, such as crossing hands, bending knees and padding legs, sitting on the lotus platform with Guanyin, hunting and casting nets, wading through mountains and rivers, etc. , simple manners, rough momentum, very primitive atmosphere. ?

Eight-version gongs and drums are a form of folk music performance, which has been circulating in Longtan area of Fuling city, Chongqing for hundreds of years. Its skills have been passed down from generation to generation, among which Shujiaban and Liujiaban are the best. In the mid-1960s, Sichuan Conservatory of Music recorded eight gongs and drums for Shu Jiaban, and invited drummer Shu Peicheng to give a lecture at the college. The eighth edition of gongs and drums is simple and compact, and there are generally five kinds of instruments: drums (the common name is foot drum, big and small, with only one side of Mengniu skin), (also called Ma Dangzi), big gongs (equivalent to tenor gongs in traditional Chinese opera) and golden drums (actually copper). It is usually played for five people: drums in the middle, Ma Gong and Bao Gong on the right, and cymbals and bowls on the left. A few tunes are played by horsemen, and the rest are conducted by drummers. More than 400 pieces of music were played, but most of them were lost. In 1960s, Shujiaban was able to play more than 40 pieces/kloc-0. Commonly used Qupai include Yi Long wagging his tail, two phoenix nodding, three lions ringing the bell, four elephants turning over, five tigers catching sheep, six leopards making money, seven cows scratching, eight horses crossing the river, nine monkeys and lions cave, ten pigs and eight quit, etc. There are many chickens and grass, Shuang Yan is muddy, Feng Dan faces the sun, four horses vote for the Tang Dynasty, five lang retreats, six promotions, seven sages pass through customs, eight immortals cross the sea, Kowloon turns over, and ten dragons cross the river. Eight-brand gongs and drums are characterized by many tunes and rich expressive force, which can be used for incense parties, temple fairs, weddings, funerals and other occasions. Its thoughts are dense, its melody is compact and clear, and its sounds and feelings are full of joy.