The status of today's Chinese agriculture

The current state of modern agricultural development in China

(I) From the viewpoint of agricultural business model

China is still practicing the small-farm business model of intensive farming in most places, especially in some underdeveloped areas. This is a policy that was formulated in China in the last century and has been extended to the present day. Undeniably, this policy has played a great role in promoting the development of agriculture for a long period of time after it was formulated. But with the deep development of the market economy, especially after China's accession to the WTO, this model because of its lack of flexibility and inefficiency has been more and more unable to adapt to the fierce competition in the market, the operation of the difficulties.

This requires that the agricultural management strategy should be holistic, formulate a reasonable production structure, and be able to change the variety and quantity of production according to the changes in the market in a timely manner, and withstand the ups and downs of the market. In contrast, operators in the smallholder economy business model often focus only on immediate benefits, deciding what to produce based on the current market conditions, and the products are very single and structurally very irrational. This may be in the short term gains will be more obvious, but because of the blind mass production, the product market quickly saturated, the price fell rapidly, harvesting not good returns, the campers can only then invest a lot of money to operate a new market on the current popular products, and once again embarked on the chase - > lost - > ; turn to camp the strange circle (in fact, turn to camp is not necessarily get a good return, because the agricultural production cycle is usually longer, until after the turn to camp there is a product output is when that may be a completely different market). This seriously affects the competitiveness of the country's agricultural market, and in the long term will also affect the incentives of producers. This year, Guangdong's emergence of a bumper harvest of lychee but to sell cheap, a large number of winter melon stagnation, the phenomenon of increased production without increasing income is largely due to this reason.

(2) from the production process

China's current most of the agricultural production is still stuck in the rough low-level stage, science and technology investment is very limited, resulting in China's agriculture is facing the following embarrassing situation.

First of all, the output of agricultural products is unstable, and operators depend on the weather. The yield of agricultural products is greatly affected by the weather and climate, and the current operator's technology is not enough to avoid the harm so as to achieve a stable yield, it is often the wind and rain is a good year yield, the income is relatively high, otherwise. The above mentioned: the big year when all operators have a bumper harvest, but supply exceeds demand, the price does not go up. Small year when the harvest is not good, so the operators work hard all year down, after removing a lot of fertilizer, pesticides and other inputs, the money that can end up in the pockets of the operators will not be much.

Secondly, low productivity, poor product quality and weak market competitiveness. Many parts of China's current agricultural production mechanization, automation is still very low, especially in some areas of the western region that is even more so, the productivity of natural and those developed agricultural countries is difficult to compare. The problem brought about by low productivity is that it is difficult to form economies of scale. Also, due to rough production techniques, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, the excessive use of our agricultural products in the quality of the quality can not be guaranteed, from the agricultural products of pesticides exceeded the frequency of reports can be seen. Under the premise of market economy, the product cost-effective to a large extent determines how much of the market share of the product. According to the survey: China's fruit quality fruit only accounted for about 40% of the total output, can reach the standard of gift fruit products only accounted for about 5% of the total output, a large number of lower and medium fruit, especially the appearance of the worse. Also according to the survey: the average CIF price of imported apples is about 3.90 yuan / kg, citrus for 4.00 yuan / kg, bananas for 1.90 yuan / kg, with similar fruit wholesale price levels in China is comparable, but the overall quality of the obviously higher. Prices are almost the same, the quality is not as good as others, in order to survive our products must be sold at a lower price. In fact, the current market retail price of imported fruits is similar to domestic fruits two times or even higher.

Lastly, there is the technical problem of storage and preservation of agricultural products. This affects the development of the market for our products, sales are difficult to make new breakthroughs.

(C) from the marketing strategy

Traditional agricultural producers tend to focus only on a large number of blind production, but not involved in the completion of the production of the sales problem, resulting in production and marketing disconnect. This producers can not grasp the market information in a timely manner, according to the subtle changes in the market to develop appropriate marketing strategies. Sometimes the product stagnation is not because of the imbalance between supply and demand, but the problem of marketing strategy.

Traditional operators ignore the brand image is to establish. A good brand image is a huge intangible asset, is a good guarantee of sales. However, the market for agricultural products

It is difficult to find very popular in the minds of consumers have a certain position in the local agricultural products brand, even if there is, it is likely to appear in the product production process does not have to put the quality of good customs, which led to a decline in the brand's image, their own smashing their own signboard situation.

Another problem is that most of China's agricultural products are traded on the market as primary products, without focusing on the value of the products to be further explored - the lack of deep processing of the products. The deep processing of products can not only enhance the added value of the product itself, but also increase the diversity of products, broaden the market, improve market competitiveness and adaptability

Three factors restricting the development of China's modern agriculture

(a) the current input guarantee mechanism and the development of modern agriculture does not match

Governments at all levels should effectively shift the focus of infrastructure construction and social undertakings to rural areas. The focus of the development of infrastructure construction and social programs should be shifted to the rural areas, and the new funds for education, health, culture and other programs and the increase in investment in fixed assets should be used mainly for the rural areas, and the proportion of the government's revenue from land concessions should be gradually increased for the rural areas. To establish a "three rural" input stable growth mechanism, and actively adjust the structure of financial expenditure, fixed asset investment structure and the structure of credit investment, the central and county-level and above the annual growth rate of local financial investment in agriculture should be higher than the growth rate of its financial recurrent income, as soon as possible to form a stable source of funds for the construction of new rural areas.　

Based on strengthening agricultural science and technology innovation, accelerate the improvement of the agricultural science and technology extension service system in accordance with the principle of strengthening public welfare, revitalizing the for-profit sector and guiding the non-profit sector. It is actively exploring new mechanisms for the promotion of agricultural technology, with the national agricultural technology promotion agency taking the lead, implementing the combination of agricultural science and education, industry, research, science, industry and trade, mobilizing social forces to participate in the cause of agricultural technology promotion, and fostering a diversified body of agricultural technology promotion. The subsidy policies implemented in recent years have been well received by the grassroots and farmers, and should be consolidated, improved and strengthened to gradually form an agricultural subsidy system with clear objectives, direct benefits, diversified types and simple operation. To continuously consolidate, improve and strengthen, and gradually form a clear goal, benefit directly, diverse types, easy to operate agricultural subsidy system

(2) modern agricultural facilities level equipment is too low

Improve the equipment of agricultural facilities, is an important element of the construction of modern agriculture. Must be determined to increase investment, strengthen infrastructure construction, accelerate the change of rural production and living conditions backward situation.　

To strengthen the construction of farmland water conservancy facilities as a major event in the construction of modern agriculture to grasp. Accelerate the large-scale irrigation renewal and water-saving transformation, improve the construction of the final canal system, the implementation of irrigation water total control and quota management. Expand the scope and scale of the implementation of technical transformation of large pumping stations. Comprehensive agricultural development to increase water-saving transformation of medium-sized irrigation areas. Strengthen the construction of drought-resistant water sources in hilly and mountainous areas, and accelerate the construction of small and medium-sized water source projects in the southwest. Increase the scale of special funds for subsidizing the construction of small-scale farmland water conservancy projects. Increase the reinforcement of reservoirs at risk, strengthen the management of small and medium-sized rivers, and improve the rural water environment. Guiding farmers to carry out the construction of farmland water conservancy projects that directly benefit them, and promoting the effective practice of farmers' water users participating in irrigation management. Strengthening and implementing the responsibility system for the protection of arable land, and effectively controlling the scale of conversion of agricultural land into construction land.　　

(3) The government's financial support for agriculture is not sound enough

To strengthen financial support for agriculture, it is necessary to further promote the reform and innovation of the rural financial system, and to accelerate the establishment of a sound multi-level, wide-coverage and sustainable rural financial system adapted to the characteristics of the "three rural areas".　

The conditions of access should be further lowered, the scope of access should be relaxed, and diversified new rural financial services should be actively cultivated, in an effort to build a rural financial services system that includes policy finance, commercial finance, and cooperative finance, with a variety of types, a comprehensive coverage, a clear division of labor, orderly competition, and efficient services. Various types of financial institutions are encouraged to carry out financial innovation and provide convenient and fast services for customers in rural areas. Since rural finance faces thousands of households, with higher costs and lower returns, commercial finance lacks incentives for returns in conducting business in rural areas. Therefore, the state should give certain preferential policies to the financial sector serving agriculture in terms of taxation, regulatory standards, refinancing and credit risk protection. Fourth, the development of agricultural policy insurance should be accelerated. The pilot scope of policy-based agricultural insurance should be expanded to improve the coverage of agricultural insurance and enhance the anti-risk capacity of agriculture.