Development of Taekwondo

TAEKWONDO (English name Taek Won Do) originated from the fighting sport on the Korean Peninsula. It is a traditional sport developed by the Korean nation in the practice of production and life. It uses hand and foot skills and physical strength to practice and fight. Taekwondo has a history of more than 3,000 years in Korean national history and is deeply loved by people. Known as the national skill.

? Taekwondo? What is the literal meaning of this word? The martial arts of punching and kicking? . ? Taekwondo (TAE= Taekwondo), which means kicking; ? Boxing? (KWON), which means to fight with boxing; ? Tao? (DO) refers to methods, skills and principles, and it is also a kind of culture and a kind of learning. It can be seen that Taekwondo is a martial art with feet as the main part, hands as the auxiliary part, hands and feet used together, practicing spiritual temperament inside and fighting outside.

Today's taekwondo can be divided into traditional taekwondo and modern competitive taekwondo. The content of traditional Taekwondo mainly includes three parts: quality, fighting and skill test: quality is equivalent to our routines in China Wushu, with 24 sets of unified moves; Fighting still retains some traditional techniques, such as boxing, grasping and locking; Skills, mainly including strength performance and stunts. Modern Taekwondo is derived with the progress of the times and the development of competitive sports, which is what we call competitive Taekwondo. That is, under certain rules, antagonistic sports competitions aim at learning skills, enhancing friendship and improving competitive level, and shift from each other's offensive and defensive actions. It has a high degree of offensive and defensive combat and fierce antagonism, absorbs the essence of traditional Taekwondo, further highlights the characteristics of Taekwondo's good use of legs, and makes the martial arts and fighting of Taekwondo perfectly reflected in sports.

Taekwondo has a typical oriental cultural color. It is not only an aggressive sport, but also a body art and an effective fitness method. Taekwondo itself also contains profound spiritual pursuits and ideas. The first is to cultivate a strong patriotic enthusiasm and a lofty spirit of dedication to justice with the cultivation of mind as the core. Tao is a method, a way, a skill, a spirit, a truth, morality, etiquette, and the embodiment of the national spirit. Practitioners should have the spirit of being brave in fighting and fighting, and the spirit of perseverance and hard work. In the learning process, we should not only learn the fighting skills of Taekwondo, but also pay attention to the study and observance of Taekwondo etiquette and moral cultivation. Every practice needs it? Start with a ceremony and end with a ceremony? Cultivate people's patience, modesty and perseverance.

Taekwondo spirit has positive educational significance for teenagers. Learning Taekwondo can cultivate external spirit, temperament, skills and physique, and cultivate the will quality and the virtue of tolerance and humility that ordinary people can't achieve. Therefore, this sport, which is both internal and external, has a comprehensive development of spiritual temperament and offensive and defensive skills, and is deeply loved by the majority of teenagers. So far, Taekwondo has become one of the fastest growing sports in the world and has become an Olympic event.

What was Taekwondo called in ancient times? Taekwondo heel? Hualang Road? Folk Wushu, which originated in ancient Korea, has distinctive national characteristics under the influence of Korean culture for thousands of years. Let's briefly introduce the origin and development of Taekwondo.

First, the origin of the original Taekwondo

In primitive society, most Koreans lived a life dominated by farming, supplemented by hunting. In order to get food and resist foreign aggression, in the process of production, life and defending against the enemy, people gradually invented some techniques that can not only exercise but also defend against the enemy. The rudiment of ancient Taekwondo was born in this environment. Through continuous development and improvement, these techniques have evolved from an instinctive self-defense activity to a purposeful and conscious offensive and defensive movement, which is not only used to defend the enemy from hunting, but also used to participate in sacrifices and show strength in fighting meetings. In this way, ancient Taekwondo has been constantly supplemented and improved in the practice process, and it has become a purposeful and conscious fighting activity.

Second, Taekwondo in Korea during the Three Kingdoms Period

The Three Kingdoms Period on the Korean Peninsula began around 1 century BC, and it was a period of coexistence of Koguryo, Silla and Baekje. Koguryo is in the north of the Korean peninsula, Silla is in the southeast and Baekje is in the southwest. In order to compete for territory, wars and disputes continue among the three countries, and the society is basically in a state of constant war, so all three countries attach importance to the cultivation of martial arts. So this period appeared? Taekwondo and unarmed wrestling? For example, fighting skills, these fighting skills are the embryonic form of taekwondo today. According to the biographies of 87 people recorded in the ancient Korean document Historical Records of the Three Kingdoms, there are 60 samurai, accounting for 69% of the total number. This social environment greatly promoted the development of military martial arts, and the samurai group was born. In order to meet the needs of war, Taekwondo developed rapidly during this period.

Taekwondo in Koguryo Period

In 37 BC, Zhu Meng established the Koguryo Kingdom in the northwest of the Korean Peninsula (the Yalu River valley in northern Korea today). According to some data, Taekwondo enjoys a high status in Koguryo, which can be seen from the ancient tomb of Maludo, the later capital of Koguryo. It is confirmed in the mysterious room murals engraved with horns, dancing figurines and three rooms. For example, in a mural in Jiao Jian, there are two men holding each other's arms and fighting. The movements made by the two samurai in the mural of Sanjianfangzhuo are the movements (actual combat postures) prepared by Taekwondo today. Among them, the person on the right is doing the attack posture of bending forward, and the person on the left is doing the defense posture (figure 1- 1)0 There are many murals painted with taekwondo like this. At that time, this primitive taekwondo was called? Taekwondo heel? O These data show that Taekwondo has become quite popular in Koguryo.

(B) Taekwondo in Silla Period

Silla Kingdom was founded around 57 BC, located in Gyeongju Plain (now Gyeongsangdo area) in the southeast of Korea. Silla has a social organization in charge of military education. Warren? (meaning? Flower knight? ), what's the name of the young man in the flower doctor? Hualang Road? They take Taekwondo as their training. When it comes to the revitalization of the king, it is established? Hualang Road? This organization. What is its purpose? Loyal to the monarch, filial to relatives, loyal to friends, unwilling to give in when getting cold feet, and choosing to commit suicide? In order to temper people's will, exercise people's physique and create a group of loyal, filial, brave and tenacious soldiers. Many monks in this period were originally from Hualang (samurai), so the Buddha statue in Sai Guram and King Kong Lux also adopted the posture of Taekwondo (Figure1-2) o.

According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, Ancient Stories and The Rhyme of the Emperor, the form of boxing and kicking fighting was quite popular at that time. In the book "The Rhyme of the Emperor", which describes the customs and habits of Silla period, the records about Taekwondo stand and talk to each other.

Kick each other with their feet,

There are three ways: the first way is that low-level players kick each other's legs; The second is the general level, kicking each other's shoulders; The third is a high-level player, who kicks the opponent's head.

(3) Taekwondo in Baekje Period

Baekje Kingdom was founded in the second half of BC 1 century. Baekje was the weakest among the three countries at that time, and there were fewer records about Taekwondo than Koguryo and Silla. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, all the kings of Baekje advocated martial arts, requiring all the people in the country to learn equestrian, archery, taekwondo and martial arts. At that time,? A random war scene? With what? Taekwondo heel? Although the names are different, they are all the embryonic forms of modern Taekwondo, which shows that Taekwondo is also quite popular in Baekje. Historical records? A random war scene? Competition mode category

Like Taekwondo today, it is a kind of fighting competition with hands and feet, which is widely popular between the military and civilians in Baekje era.

Third, Taekwondo in Korea.

In 9 18, a unified country-Korea was established on the Korean peninsula. According to historical records, the combat effectiveness of North Korean soldiers comes from their daily training and love for Taekwondo. In training, soldiers often beat walls and wooden blocks to temper their attack ability. At that time, Zhong Zengchuan | and 1, who loved unarmed combat very much, invited Jin Zhenying (also known as Jin Zhenying), a soldier with superior arm strength and martial arts, to perform hand-to-hand combat skills in the court, which made Taekwondo famous and gradually loved by the general public. According to the history of Korea, unarmed combat is one of the competitive events that Koreans generally like, and it is stipulated as a compulsory event in military training. During this period, Wushu became popular all over the country, and Taekwondo got unprecedented development.

Fourth, Taekwondo in Korea.

1392, North Korean general Li Chenggui established the Lee Dynasty through a coup. North Korea? Title. After nearly a thousand years' circulation, Taekwondo has formed a relatively complete system in the Li Dynasty. During this period, Taekwondo became the main means of selecting soldiers. If a person wants to be a military attache, he must use it in the selection? Taekwondo heel? Or? By hand? The skill of beating three people shows the importance the army attached to Taekwondo at that time.

In A.D. 1790 (14, the founding of the Li Dynasty), Li Demao, scholars Park Qijia and Bai Dongxiu were ordered by the king to compile the General Records of Martial Arts Atlas. This book contains information about? By hand? Taekwondo heel? The method, action diagram and the use of various weapons of the level martial arts are combined with the technology of Taekwondo by learning from foreign martial arts, and Taekwondo has been scientifically recorded since then.

At the end of the Li Dynasty, the royal family was influenced by the thought of respecting literature and despising martial arts. It is this factor that makes Taekwondo gradually break away from the royal family, but it is widely circulated among the people.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) Modern Taekwondo

1909, after Japan invaded Korea, a colonial government was established. All cultural activities, including Taekwondo, were once banned. During this period, Taekwondo skills almost disappeared in North Korea. Taekwondo practitioners have two situations. Some people practice secretly in China, and some people who are unwilling to be lonely or forced by life leave their hometown to make a living in China or Japan and continue Taekwondo.

After Korea became a Japanese colony, Japan's? Karate? Then it flows into North Korea. Hualang Road? With what? Karate? Fusion came into being? Korean karate? Koreans call this martial arts? Taekwondo? . After the Second World War (1945), North Korea became independent and the country's political and social outlook changed with each passing day. North Koreans who fled abroad returned to their hometowns one after another, and at the same time brought martial arts from various countries back to the motherland to blend with Taekwondo, and built a new Taekwondo technical system, which was further matured and improved.

The development of intransitive verbs in modern taekwondo

The founders of modern Taekwondo are mainly Cui Hongxi, Li and Cai, who are coaches of famous Korean martial arts schools. In the teaching process, they combined the self-defense skills of ancient Korean schools with Japanese karate and China martial arts through constant practice, research and scrutiny, thus creating a modern technical system of Taekwondo, which was called? Taekwondo? .

1955, in order to better promote this new type of Korean martial arts, Korean martial artists, athletes, educators, senior officers and related scholars discussed together that the era of cold weapons has passed, and practicing Taekwondo is not only to practice hands and feet, but also to cultivate and temper the spirit. Perseverance? Yes, cultivate a kind of? Courtesy, justice, shame, humility and tolerance? The quality of. In the process of teaching students to learn, coaches should not only teach them the skills of actual combat and attack, but more importantly, teach them the truth of being a man. At that time, Cui Hongxi thought: Taekwondo combines oriental consciousness and technology, so that people's ability can be fully exerted as much as possible. This is a sport that can not only strengthen the body but also defend itself. ? After discussion, everyone unanimously passed Cui Hongxi's proposal? Taekwondo? What is the word "martial art" that combines eastern culture and philosophy? Taekwondo? Add another one later? Tao? Word,? Taekwondo? The name comes from this. The establishment of the name of Taekwondo put an end to the mixed names of Tang hand, karate and Korean classical martial arts, and opened a new era for the development of Taekwondo.

1959, Korea was founded? Korea Tang Handway Association? , and joined the Korean Sports Association in 1962, changed to the Korean Taekwondo Association in 1965, and 1963 confirmed taekwondo as an official event in the 43rd National Sports Congress of Korea. 196 1 In September, North Korea established the Tang Shoudao Association (later changed to Taekwondo Association), and in June, 1962, it joined the Korean Amateur Sports Association and was included in the official national sports competition. During this period, a large number of Taekwondo coaches from North Korea and South Korea left the motherland to teach Taekwondo all over the world, which promoted the popularization and development of Taekwondo in the world. This marks the beginning of internationalization of Taekwondo.

1966, the first international taekwondo organization? The International Taekwondo Federation (ITF) was established in North Korea, with Cui Hongxi as its chairman.

1972, Korea National Institute of Technology was established in Seoul. 1 World Taekwondo Championship was held in Seoul on 1973. After the meeting, representatives from 19 countries established the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) at the initiative of Dr. Un-yong Kim, and Un-yong Kim was elected as the chairman. After the establishment of the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF), it formulated a set of corresponding rules and regulations, boldly deleted the contents similar to performance and not practical in traditional Taekwondo, and refined them into a scientific and independent teaching, training and competition system, thus producing a new form of Taekwondo? Competitive taekwondo. In the next few years, various organizations and groups related to Taekwondo were established almost all over the world. 1975, the World Taekwondo Federation was accepted as a member of the International Sports Federation.

1980, the International Olympic Committee recognized the World Taekwondo Federation at the 83rd General Assembly, making Taekwondo more popular all over the world. Women's Taekwondo was joined in the 8th World Championships held in Barcelona, Spain from 65438 to 0983. 1On September 4th, 994, the International Olympic Committee voted unanimously to include Taekwondo in the 2000 Olympic Games.

At present, there are two major taekwondo organizations in the world, one is the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) and the other is the International Taekwondo Federation (ITF). The World Taekwondo Federation is a taekwondo technical system that advocates competition as the mainstay and quality as the supplement, while the International Taekwondo Federation is a technical system that advocates quality training as the mainstay and competition as the supplement. These two organizations have made great contributions to the promotion and popularization of Taekwondo.

The World Taekwondo Federation is an organization recognized by the Olympic Committee. Headquartered in Seoul National Institute of Technology, South Korea, there are more than 140 member associations. In 2005, the president of the World Taekwondo Federation was Korean Zhao. Up to now, Taekwondo has gained unprecedented popularity and development in the world, and it has been popularized in more than 70 countries and regions around the world, with 80 million participants.

;