About the Takayama People

The Alpine people now have a population of more than 400,000 people. Mainly distributed in the central mountainous areas, eastern longitudinal valley plains and Orchid Island on Taiwan's main island of Taiwan Province of China, the number of people month there are more than 291,000 people, the distribution of the area of about 16,000 square kilometers, the Pingpu people are mainly scattered in the western plains, the population of about 100,000 or so. Another nearly 3,000 people are scattered in the coastal areas of Fujian and Zhejiang on the mainland. Due to differences in region, language and culture, the Gaoshan people living in Taiwan Province are divided into many clans, mainly including the Amis, Taiyas, Paiwan, Bunun, Rukai, Peinan, Tsao, Yamei and Saisiat, with the Amis having the largest population. The Pingpu have been largely Sinicized since the 20th century because they are scattered all over Taiwan.

After the unification of Taiwan by the Qing Dynasty, the Gaoshan people were collectively called the "Fans". They were also categorized as "Dongfan", "Xifan", "Nanfan", "Beifan" for different geographical distribution, or "Dongfan", "Xifan", "Xifan", "Beifan", or "Xifan" for different terrain of residence. The differences in the terrain of residence were divided into "Alpine Fan" and "Pingpu Fan", or by the level of development and the closeness of their relationship with the Han Chinese, they were divided into "Wild Fan", "Raw Fan" and "Mature Fan". or by their level of development and the closeness of their relationship with the Han Chinese, they were categorized as "wild", "raw" and "ripe". During the invasion of Taiwan by the Japanese imperialists, the Gaoshan people were called "Gaosha" and "Fan". After the restoration of Taiwan, the Taiwan authorities used the name "Gaoshan", and later called them "mountain compatriots", "mountain compatriots", "first inhabitants", "aborigines", and "indigenous people". "In 1994, after the "Returning the Name Movement" carried out by the Alpine people in Taiwan, Taiwan officially recognized the title of "Aborigines". The term "aborigines" is officially recognized in Taiwan after the "Returning the Name Campaign" conducted by the Alpine people in 1994. The "Gaoshan" we are talking about here is the name given to Taiwan's ethnic minorities by the people of the motherland after the victory in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in 1945. After liberation, in the 1953 national census, the relevant units of the State Council also formally adopted and publicized the name "Gaoshan".

There are many theories about the origin of the Gaoshan people, including the following three: 1. Indigenous inhabitants: Lian Heng mentioned in his General History of Taiwan that the Gaoshan people were the first inhabitants of Taiwan; 2. South China: the Gaoshan people (Pingpu people) have many similarities with the Malays in terms of their physical, linguistic, and cultural characteristics. South: mainly based on the physique, language, culture, etc. of the Gaoshan people (Pingpu people), who had many characteristics similar to those of the Malay people, it was believed that the Gaoshan people came from the Malay people in the Philippines and the Borneo Islands, but with the new discoveries in Taiwan's archaeology, ethnology, and ethnography, this doctrine has been shaken; 3. West: also known as the mainland theory, mainly based on archaeological excavations that proved that the primitive culture of the Gaoshan people was of the same type as that of the primitive cultures of the southeastern coastal areas on the Motherland and thus asserted that Taiwan's Alpine people originated from the mainland's Ancient Yue people. In recent years, the latest archaeological discoveries as well as documentary records and folklore of the Gaoshan people have proved the theory of multiple origins of the origin of the Gaoshan people, i.e., the Gaoshan people mainly came from the Ancient Vietnamese along the southeastern coast of the motherland, and there were a few inhabitants from the northeastern Ryukyu Islands, and from the southern Philippine, Borneo and Micronesian archipelagoes, who gradually developed into the present-day Gaoshan people by blending with the Ancient Vietnamese who had migrated to Taiwan in the early days. The Takayama people.

The language and writing of the Takayama people

The Takayama people do not have their own writing, but they do have their own national language. Because of the large differences in the languages of the various regions where they live, it is sometimes difficult for them to talk to each other. The language of the Takayama people is recognized as belonging to the Indonesian group of the South Island language family. There are more than 20 languages of the Alpine people, 13 of which are mainly spoken now, and they can be divided into three major language groups, namely: the Atayal group, the Cao group and the Paiwan group. They are generally characterized as multi-syllabic languages without tones. As the Gaoshan people have long lived with the Han people **** the same labor, many Gaoshan people also speak Minnan.

Third, the production technology of the Gaoshan people

Because the Gaoshan people have long been subjected to the cruel rule of foreign colonizers, the productive forces have not been able to develop well, and the production development of the Gaoshan people in various regions is very unbalanced. The level of economic development of the Gaoshan people living in the Pingpu area is more or less the same as that of the Han Chinese, and agriculture is already very well developed in most of the areas where the Amis and Atayal live, but the Gaoshan people living in the mountainous areas, such as the Paiwan and Bunun, lag behind in terms of their relative level of economic development. Hunting, fishing and gathering are still practiced, but they have taken a back seat in economic life, serving only as a kind of supplemental income during farming hours. Bartering is more common among the mountainous Gaoshan people.

In the long-term production practice, the alpine tribe formed a unique grass-roots organizations - "society", the society is a natural village, the small community consists of a clan, the large community consists of a number of clans, the general community up to 1,000 people, the small community of five or six hundred people, the implementation of Democratic politics is practiced, and major issues are decided by the general assembly of the society. The chiefs of the society include the chiefs (leaders), priests (or sorcerers) and the council of elders. They are the highest authority of the community. The chiefs lead the farming, fishing and hunting, adjudicate internal disputes, and help the priests organize rituals.

Most Alpine societies use the clubhouse as the center of their activities and as a place of education and training for the male age group. The age organization is a hierarchy within the community based on age. The age hierarchy of each clan can be roughly categorized into young, teenager, youth, senior and old age. All males are categorized according to their age and are responsible for a certain social division of labor. Every few years, to hold a promotion ceremony. Starting from the young, basic training is given strictly according to gender. Men are trained in hunting and farming skills; women are trained in weaving, housework and gathering. Once a man comes of age, he is promoted to the rank of youth in a solemn rite of passage, is admitted to the clubhouse for food and lodging, and participates in communal labor and combat. After the rite of passage, the youths are recognized as full members of the tribe and have the right to participate in the political life of the community.

The Gaoshan people have many taboos in their productive labor, daily life and rituals. For example, they are not allowed to come and go with outsiders during the harvest period, nor are they allowed to step into other people's fields without authorization. When hunting, men are not allowed to touch the hemp for fear of getting lost or injured. Women can not touch the men's hunting rifles and weapons, men can not touch the women's looms, women are not allowed to use knives and axes after pregnancy, avoid eating apes, bobcats, pangolins, pangolin meat and fruit and so on.

Four: Religious Beliefs of the Alpine People

The religious beliefs of the Alpine people are soul worship, ancestor worship, totem worship and so on. The Alpine people generally believe that the soul is immortal after death, and blesses their children and grandchildren in silence. Therefore, the soul is generally honored as a god, and most of the belief in god is the worship of ancestors. Thus, they see the ancestral teachings as the will of God and dare not violate it.

The Takayama people have different rituals in different areas. Those who live in the plains have a sowing festival, an insect-repelling festival, and a harvesting festival, while those who live in the mountains and coastal areas have a hunting festival, a fishing festival, and so on.

Witchcraft is more prevalent among the Takayama, and there are many forms of witchcraft books, including water divination, ladybird divination, and bird divination.

V. History of the Gaoshan People

230 Sun Quan of Wu sent Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi to Taiwan with 10,000 people and brought back thousands of Gaoshan people

1127-1279 The Southern Song government subordinated Penghu to the Jinyang County of Quanzhou, Fujian Province

1271-1294 The Yuan Dynasty The government sends people to Taiwan and establishes the "Inspection Department" in Penghu, which has jurisdiction over Penghu Taiwan

1661-1662 Zheng Chenggong marches into Taiwan and recovers it in 1662

1683 The Qing government unifies Taiwan

1885 Taiwan is established as a province and Liu Mingchuan is appointed as the head of Taiwan. 1885 Taiwan was established as a province and Liu Ming-chuan became the governor of Taiwan

1895 The Sino-Japanese "Treaty of Shimonoseki" ceded Taiwan to Japan, and the Gaoshan and Han Chinese people of Taiwan fought against the cession of Taiwan and dealt a heavy blow to the Japanese invaders

1943 The Cairo Conference issued a declaration determining that Taiwan and other places would be returned to China

1945 Taiwan was restored to China

Taiwan was restored to China

1945

1945 Taiwan is restored

1947 The February 28th Uprising breaks out. The outbreak of the February 28th Uprising and the participation of the Gaoshan people in the struggle

VI. The Literature of the Gaoshan People

The Gaoshan people, in the course of the historical development of the nation, have created and passed on a wealth of folk literature, which is mainly in the form of two kinds of folk songs and mythological stories.

The folk songs of the Takayama people are very rich. The traditional folk songs of the Takayama people are themed on glorifying labor, ancestors, and singing about new marriages and drinking, and they plainly and distinctly express the labor life and love and hate feelings of the Takayama people. The modern folk songs of the Alpine people express production and labor, love and marriage, dance and life songs, nostalgic songs and nursery rhymes.

Mythological stories are an important part of the folklore of the Gaoshan people. As the productivity level of the Gaoshan society is relatively backward, people's understanding of nature is limited, and they tend to use their imagination to explain the natural phenomena and the phenomena of life, and the mythological stories are also created as a result. The main contents of the myths created by the Gaoshan people include: legends about the origin of human beings and their customs and habits; legends about the struggle against the earth, the dry labor of the community, and natural phenomena; legends about animals and plants; and legends about the historical origins between Taiwan and the mainland, and between the Gaoshan people and the Han people, and so on. These myths and stories have been passed down through the Gaoshan people by word of mouth and continue to this day.

VII. Music of the Kaoshan People

The Kaoshan people are very fond of music and dance, and most of their music is accompanied by dance and played on unique Kaoshan instruments.

The musical instruments of the Takayama people mainly include the mouth organ, bamboo flute, nose flute and bowed organ. The mouth organ is about ten centimeters long and two or three centimeters wide, and it is made of bamboo cut into thin slices with a slender hole in the center, and a very thin copper tongue is set on the end of the hole, and a string is knotted at the right end of the bamboo slice, and the left hand puts the convex surface on the mouth, and the right hand gently pulls the string to vibrate the copper tongue to emit sound, which is compatible with the breathing and can be made into a sound rhythm. The nose flute is a musical instrument in which two bamboo flutes, about 37 or 8 centimeters long, are tied together and blown through the nostrils. The bowed zither is shaped like a bow, and the bowstring is made from the fibers of the moon grass. The lower end of the bowstring is held tightly in the left hand, and the thumb and forefinger of the right hand pluck the bowstring to make the sound.

Whenever a festival is held, the Takayama people gather together and sing and dance to express their happiness.

VIII. Dance of the Alpine People

The folk songs and dances of the Alpine people have a long history and tradition, and have become an indispensable part of the life of the Alpine people.

The dances of the Gaoshan people are based on simulations, reflections and reproductions of the movements and scenes of production and life, such as fishing, hunting and farming, with distinctive primitive dance colors. Its content is rich and colorful, and the form is mostly a collective group dance. The number of people from dozens to hundreds, or even thousands. Often with a roaring bonfire as the center, the group set to drink, drink sound is singing and dancing and make, all hand in hand to become a circle, suddenly "hand in hand", suddenly "even arm step song", rhythmically stomping, jumping, shaking, swinging hands, the scene is spectacular and enthusiastic. Common alpine folk dance are:

Pulling hands dance: alpine most popular and most representative of the dance form, people usually become the alpine dance, he is to everyone *** with hand in hand and song and dance as the main feature.

Pestle and mortar song: The Gaoshan people have the habit of pounding rice with pestle and mortar, and the pestle and mortar song expresses such labor scenes. During the dance, women dressed in festive costumes and wearing flowers on their heads hold pestles and mortars and sing and dance, and the tempo compiles from slow to fast into a unique labor movement with interesting features.

The Hair Throwing Dance: This is one of the unique dances of Yami women, and there is no limit to the number of people who can participate in the dance, as long as they have long hair. During the dance, the women line up in a row, arms linked, hands on the chest, footsteps back and forth, slowly shaking their bodies and long hair. As the music speeds up, the swinging of the body and head becomes larger and larger, and gradually reaches a climax: moving forward, bending the knees and waist, flinging the long hair forward, then moving backward, straightening the waist, and flinging the hair up sharply in the process. This alternates back and forth, week after week. The hair flinging dance, with the long black hair fluttering as the center of the performance, contains a strong primitive vitality, and has always been loved by the Gaoshan people.

9. Fine Arts of the Gaoshan People

The Gaoshan people are rich in artistic creativity, and their handicrafts mainly include weaving, bamboo weaving, rattan weaving, routing, carving, bamboo chipping, and pottery making, etc. The wood carving art of the Paiwan people is quite popular. The Paiwan people's wood carving art is quite exquisite, and routing is a famous traditional craft. With only a knife, they can rout out a variety of utensils rich in national characteristics.

Carving is more common in their daily life. There are round carving, relief carving, and there are also line carving, skeleton carving and hollow carving. In some of the living utensils, decorations, musical instruments are carved with figures, animals, flowers and other beautiful patterns and patterns, the knife is strong and delicate, especially rich in natural interest, the image is very vivid and realistic. Paiwanese carved pots, screens, carved boards (a kind of panel inside the house), back chairs, wooden pillows, wooden buckets, wooden spoons, pipes, etc., are skillfully decorated and exquisitely carved. The carved pillars of the "spirit house," which are dedicated to ancestors, are even more admirable. The beams, eaves, and lintels of the family house are colorfully and beautifully carved, with the serpent-shaped carvings being the most common. The carvings on the Ya Mermaid boat are also very famous, with beautiful human and geometric patterns carved on both sides of the boat.

In the textile, in the long ago era of high mountain people know how to use the performance of hemp weaving into "Fan cloth". In Taiya, Saixia two ethnic groups, there is a "male to martial arts, women to textile" to determine their social status. Their weaving method is basically the same, have vertical spinning shaft, twisted by hand after winding on the shaft. The loom is a primitive flat floor loom. The loom's clipboard ends hanging in the weaver's waist, the end of the warp threads around the knot in the warp tube or warp shaft, with two feet stirrups. The Amis, Yami, and Peinan use two wooden poles inserted in the ground to hold the warp boards in place without stirring them with their feet. But the cloth-clamping boards are still bound at the waist. The weaver, on the other hand, sits on the ground or on a stool to engage in weaving. According to traditional custom, women work in the weaving huts and men are not allowed to enter. The textiles are mainly white linen and white and brown linen with parallel stripes. Embroidery and picking are done on the cloth for various decorative purposes.

The women of the Takayama ethnic group are not only able to weave linen cloth with various colorful patterns, but also have many fine works in embroidery. The Gaoshan people add embroidery to their clothes and pants, commissions, lapels and turbans, with the most horizontal patterns and bright colors.

Ten, Alpine entertainment

The barbed-wire ball and swinging is the Alpine Paiwan people generally favorite recreational activities. Rattan ball originated in the "five-year festival", is a five-year festival to pray for the ancestors to avoid the blessing of an important ritual, the priests stand on a high wooden frame will be thrown high rattan ball, while pulling the long rope, while singing the symbol of longevity and prosperity, martial arts and war performance and other auspicious names. Young people holding a pole stabbing each other, every stab, the audience will be wildly shouting, crowd excitement, stabbing the person will also be treated as a hero, the honor of it.

Swinging is another young men and women enthusiastically participate in recreational activities, swinging, the girl sitting on the swing of the rattan cushion, tied to a long rope, please the young man to pull the manipulation of the two compartments to cooperate.

Eleven, Alpine clothing

The clothing of the Alpine people has the pursuit of diversified colors and tends to be bright and gorgeous style. There are differences in the costumes of the Gaoshan people in various regions. Except for the Paiwan people, there is no great difference between the costumes of the chiefs and the people in other regions, and the Atayal and Sesia people wear shawls, undershirts and breastplates on their upper bodies, and pants on their lower bodies wrapped in leggings. Clothing styles differ for men and women and are mostly made of linen and cotton. The Bunun and Cao people have head cloths, leather kangs, chest scarves, belly sets, leg wrappings, etc., and women have short tops and long pants. The Paiwan men have short tops similar to Han Chinese waistcoats, and women have long shirts and aprons. Amis men have long-sleeved, short-breasted small tops, aprons, shawls, and head-wrapping cloths, and young women's dress is much the same as men's, but with longer skirts, and head-wrapping cloths. The Yami men wear a lapel kangaroo on top and thongs underneath, and the women have aprons and partial shirts that are slanted from the shoulders to the armpits, in addition to short sleeveless tops.

In addition, the Alpine men's clothing, generally equipped with feather crowns, horn crowns, flower crowns. In general, women of the sister tribes like to wear flowers as their crowns, and it can be said to be a characteristic of the men of the Takayama tribe that they wear flowers as their crowns. Some tribal men also wear earrings, headdresses, foot ornaments and arm bracelets and bangles, which appear colorful. Alpine women's clothing is basically open-breasted, in the lapel and sleeves embroidered with delicate and beautiful geometric patterns. This kind of open-breasted clothing should be subtropical climate, can play the role of heat dissipation fast, cool, but also easy to show the upper body of the human body fullness, robust body type, so that people produce lively, free, charming feelings. Women's lower body wearing knee-length shorts, head beads, wrist bracelets, waist tie colorful belt, neck with flowers woven into a garland. Their hats are also very distinctive, and men wear rattan hats on the mountains. The top of the hat has a circular pattern, is the symbol of the Yami people totem.

The costumes of men and women of the Takayama people are colorful, gorgeous and exquisite. The most representative dress is the Bejeweled Clothes, also known as the Bejeweled Clothes. This kind of clothing is carved from shells or small round perforated bead grains, threaded with twine and sewn on the clothes according to the horizontal line arrangement, a bead garment requires about 50,000 to 60,000 beads. In the past, it was generally used for the chiefs or patriarchs to make dresses. Now collectibles, for example, a collarless, sleeveless, unbuttoned lapel coat, coat length 100 centimeters, width 44 centimeters. Woven with a red pattern of the original white linen as a base, the body is decorated with shells ground and cut into beads strings, *** more than 2,700 rows, about more than 80,000 beads; the back is decorated with three rows of beads with copper bells, each row of four strings. Because of the many shell beads and the complexity of the handwork, it takes a long time to make, so it is very valuable. From the shape of the shell coat, the shell coat of the Atayal people is mostly white, dazzling, horizontally arranged neatly, giving people a pure, neat in a gorgeous feeling. Paiwan people's shellfish clothing is orange, yellow, green as a common color, in recent years some embellished shellfish to black, dark yellow mostly, more detailed workmanship, more patterns embellished portrait, beads more round and transparent, showing the pursuit of gorgeous style. Ancient shellfish bead clothing is flat and long, no luster, with a sense of obscurity, but the local people are precious and proud of the ancient bead clothing. This is related to the plain and simple folk style of worshipping ancestors. Shell clothing has a long history, China's earliest geographic work "Yugong" records: "island Yi flowers clothing, the syncopated basket weaving shell". If this refers to this kind of shell clothing, it has a history of more than 2,000 years. Shell clothing can sometimes be used as currency, but more aesthetic appreciation value, which is a contribution of the Gaoshan people to the Chinese culture.

XII. Diet of the Alpine People

The Alpine people usually have three meals a day, and in some areas two meals a day. The staple foods are rice, millet and taro. The Yami people use water taro as their staple food. In the method of making staple food, most of the Gaoshan people prefer to boil rice into rice, or steam glutinous rice and cornmeal into cakes and patties.

The Alpine people's vegetables come from a wide range of sources, most of which are cultivated and a few are collected. The common ones are pumpkins, leeks, radishes, cabbages, potatoes, beans, chili peppers, ginger and all kinds of mountain shoots and wild vegetables. Alpine people generally love to eat ginger, some directly with ginger dipped in salt as a dish; some pickled with salt and chili.

The source of meat mainly depends on reared pigs, cows and chickens, and in many areas fishing and hunting are also a supplement to daily meat consumption, especially among the Gaoshan people who live in the mountains and forests, where captured prey is almost the main source of daily meat. The Gaoshan people like to eat sticky millet cakes, and the Paiwan people like to mix peanuts and animal flesh in sticky millet and steam it with leaves.

The Gaoshan people did not drink boiled water in the past, nor did they have the habit of drinking tea. The Atayal people like to use ginger or chili pepper soaked cool water as a drink. This drink is said to have the function of curing abdominal pain. In the past, when hunting in the mountains, there is the habit of drinking animal blood.

The Gaoshan people, except for the Yamei people, are all addicted to drinking, and generally drink home-made rice wine, such as corn wine, rice wine and potato wine. Whenever they encounter weddings, births, celebrations, house-building, farming, fishing and hunting, and rituals, they usually make wine first and get together for a party. The most common traditional drinking vessels are ladles, bamboo tubes, wooden spoons, wooden cups, ceramic altars and ceramic cups. The Paiwan people's wooden connecting cups are extremely distinctive. Adult men and women of the Amis and Paiwan people are also addicted to chewing betel nut.

Thirteen, Alpine residence

Living in the mountainous areas of the Alpine people, houses are mostly thatched-roofed wooden houses, some areas of the house than the ground concave down one or two feet windows also have one or two feet square. In the Paiwan area, most of the houses are stone houses with long slate roofs. Inside the house, the floor is paved with long slate. Most of the houses of the Yami people are built on the slopes of the mountains near the coast, and in order to prevent storms from hitting them, they use thick wooden boards for the walls, and the outer walls are made of pebbles with thatched roofs.

In addition, the Gaoshan also have barns, pens for livestock and warehouses for stacking miscellaneous goods. The Amis, Paiwan and Cao areas also have specialized assembly houses.

XIV. Marriage of the Gaoshan People

The Gaoshan people practise strict monogamy, and there is no intermarriage between close relatives. Young men and women in the Amis, Atayal, and Paiwan areas have the freedom to fall in love, usually choosing their partners in the course of production and labor, and also have the opportunity to fall in love openly in the course of songs and dances, but they must obtain the consent of their parents to get married. In the Bunun and Cao regions, the marriages of young men and women are arranged by their parents. In the Sesia region, there are some exchange marriages, and in some areas, there are also marriages between the bridegroom and the bride's wife.

The age at which young men and women of the Gaoshan nationality can marry is not clearly defined in each region. Generally speaking, in the region of the Atayal, Bunun and Cao people, men reach adulthood at the age of seventeen or eight years old when they are familiar with farming and hunting. Women of the Alpine people are not allowed to marry until they are fifteen or sixteen years old, when they are skilled in the art of preparation. The Amis, unlike other alpine peoples, require a man to marry into a woman's family and return to his own family only after he has a son or daughter.

Fifteen, Alpine burial

After the death of the Alpine people should give the deceased to wear their favorite clothes, no coffin, but there is a fixed cemetery. The dead are not allowed to enter the ancestral tombs, and most of them are buried on the spot. Alpine people after the death of family members to rough food and vegetarian clothing mourning, mourning period of time varies, depending on the closeness of the deceased and the inferiority and superiority of the relationship varies. If one of the spouses dies, the other must wait until the mourning period is over before he or she can marry.

Sixteen, alpine festivals

The alpine people are bold and liberal, and like to hold banquets, songs and dances on festivals or happy days. Every festival, we have to kill pigs and cows, and set up wine banquets. The most representative food for the Gaoshan people's festivals are cakes and patties made of various kinds of glutinous rice. Not only can they be used as snacks during festivals, they can also be used as offerings for rituals. The glutinous rice is also made into rice to entertain the guests.

Since ancient times, the Gaoshan people have been in the habit of holding all kinds of rituals, most of which are closely related to production, such as the ancestral spirit rituals, the cereal god rituals, the mountain god rituals, the hunting god rituals, the marriage rituals, the harvest rituals and so on, and wherever large-scale rituals are held, the Gaoshan people have to hold a grand gathering of songs and dances, which has also become a festival for the Gaoshan people.

Among the various festivals of the Takayama people, the "Harvest Festival" is the most solemn. The "Harvest Festival," also known as the Harvest Festival, the Corn Festival, or the Harvest Festival, is held once a year and is accompanied by a variety of cultural and sports activities, in addition to the setting up of feasts and offerings. During the festival, people dress up in festive costumes, women wear handbells and bracelets, hang strings of beads around their necks, put flowers on their heads, men wear strings of tongling around their waists, and clansmen bring their own tankards of wine to the site, dance around bonfires, eat and drink while celebrating a year's harvest of labor, and even stay up all night.

Scientific Achievements

In the long process of historical development, the Gaoshan people also wore early unique national characteristics of science and technology and culture, but due to the long suffering from the oppression of foreign invaders, so that the Gaoshan people's social development is relatively slow and unbalanced, to a large extent, retained the characteristics of the original culture.

Far back in the Neolithic Age, thousands of years ago, the ancestors of the Gaoshan people invented textile technology in their labor practice. The Gaoshan people rolled hemp into threads, which were then woven into cloth on simple looms. In weaving, the method of spinning thread and weaving cloth is largely the same everywhere, with slight differences in tools, and in the north, among the Atayal and Sesia people, there is a custom of women determining their social status by weaving.

Eminent People

Alu (?

After the signing of the Sino-American Treaty of Wangsha in 1844, the United States was eager to find a stronghold for further aggression near the Chinese mainland, and for this reason, it had armedly invaded Taiwan, but failed to do so in the face of the resistance of the Taiwanese people.

The hometown of the Luoks, where the Arik father and son and his men had lived for generations, became a battleground when Japan, supported by the U.S., created a pretext for an invasion of Taiwan in 1874, which became a battleground. In April 1874, the Japanese army invaded the highest peak of Luang Peak and burned down the villages. The alpine people of Mudanshe united as one and under the command of A Luo's father and son, took advantage of the terrain and dealt a heavy blow to the enemy, utilizing the primitive weapons and killing and wounding more than 500 of the enemy successively, and in the battle at the main pass of Shimen, A Luo's father and son and his group of more than thirty people sacrificed themselves bravely, giving up their precious lives for the resistance of the invaders. The performance and spirit of A Luo's father and son in leading the Gaoshan people to fight against the Japanese invaders have always been remembered by the people who are not forcible and tyrannical.

Mana? Rodao (? -1930), a leader of the alpine people in Taiwan, led the alpine people against the Japanese invaders together with his two sons in the 1930 Mushi She Uprising in Taiwan and died heroically in the battle.

The Sino-Japanese War of 1894 ended with the defeat of the Qing Dynasty, and the Qing government was forced to cede Taiwan, and in June 1895, Japan sent the first "governor" of Taiwan to take office, beginning the fifty years of brutal Japanese imperialist rule in Taiwan. Mana? Luo Dao was the leader of the Mahanbo society of the Gaoshan tribe, and also a powerful and influential tribal leader among the tribes of the Mist society. The bloody rule of the Japanese invaders in Taiwan caused the resistance of the Taiwanese people of all races to surge, and against this background, the Mushi Uprising, which shocked the Oriental world, broke out. The uprising lasted for two months, and more than 4,000 Japanese invaders were killed and wounded. The Japanese army successively deployed airplanes and used gas bombs to suppress the uprising, and in the end, more than 800 uprising fighters all sacrificed their lives, and Mana? Mana and his son also sacrificed their precious lives to fight against the invasion of foreigners. Mana? The uprising of the Takayama people led by the father and the son was cared for and sympathized by the people of all nationalities in the motherland, and also sympathized and praised by the people of the world. The name of Mana and Rodao is the same as the name of the father and son. The name of the father and son of the Rakatao together with the Kirisha Uprising will go down in history.