What are the common methods of expression in poetry

Direct Lyric

That is, the author recounts his strong inner feelings directly in the text without disguising them, so that the strong emotional torrent pours out directly.

E.g.: I don't see anyone before me, and I don't see anyone after me. I think of heaven and earth in a long time, and I feel alone in pathos. (Chen Zi'ang's "Song of Ascending Youzhou Terrace") The whole poem is in a tone of generosity and sadness, and through waiting for Youzhou Terrace directly expresses the poet's sadness and disillusionment of being unable to accomplish his work and empty of ambition.

2

Lyric expression through scenery

(Du Mu's "Parking in the Qinhuai River") is a kind of indirect lyric expression, which expresses the author's feelings through the description of the actual scenery.

For example, "The smoke covers the cold water and the moon covers the sand, and the night is spent at the Qinhuai River near the wine shop. The girl does not know the hatred of her country, and she sings "Backyard Flowers" across the river.

The first two lines of the poem are about scenery, and the last two lines are about emotion. The scene is not a clear moonlit night and a cloudless blue sky, but a misty, smoky moon, shrouded in cold water and white sand. The scenery is so bleak, the atmosphere is so cold and silent, which will give the latter two lines of the writer's anxiety to add atmosphere, thickened color, the two scenes are blended into one.

3

To express the will of the object

It is a kind of indirect lyricism, which is to express the feelings and ideas with the help of describing and discussing a certain kind of thing or object.

For example: hanging strings drink clear dew, streaming sound out of the sparse tung. It is not by means of the autumn wind that the voice of the people living high up in the sky is far away. (Yu Shinan's "Winging the Cicada") The image of cicadas depicted in the poem is: cicadas hanging down their tentacles and sucking clean dew on the branches, and the sound of cicadas coming out from the sparse sycamore. Being in a high place, the sound of the cicadas naturally carries far, not relying on the power of the wind. In the poem, the author really wants to express the feeling of life is: all noble people are always strict with themselves, and constantly improve their own cultivation, so that the good reputation can be spread far and wide, and do not need to rely on other people's boasting. From this, we can see that writing about cicadas is the basis, and the real purpose is to express their feelings and aspirations.

4

Scenario blending

In the description of the scenery into the author's competent feelings, so that the poem reaches the realm of "things and me" can not distinguish which is the "scene" and which is the "feelings". The first is the "I'm not sure what I'm talking about".

For example: picking chrysanthemums under the east hedge, leisurely see the south mountain. The mountain air is good day and night, the birds are still with each other. There is a true meaning in this, want to argue has forgotten to say.

On the surface of the poem is to write the scene, but in fact it is a hidden poet of a kind of transcendence, love of nature, away from the officialdom of the emotional realm.

5

The combination of static and dynamic

refers to the description of people, events, and scenery when they are in a dynamic or relatively static state.

For example, in the darkness of the moon, a fishing lamp is seen, and the lone light is a little firefly. The wind and the waves are slightly clustered, and the stars are scattered all over the river. The whole poem uses the white description technique to write out the poet's night on the boat to see the scenery, the first two lines write static, the last two lines write dynamic, one dynamic and one static, complement each other.

6

Movement against static

It is one of the techniques of contrast, that is, through the description of the dynamic, rendering a contrast to the static, that is, showing the static in the dynamic description.

For example, the osmanthus blossom falls in idleness, and the night is quiet and the spring mountains are empty. The moonrise startles the mountain birds, and sometimes they sing in the spring stream. (Wang Wei's "Birdsong Stream")

The scenes written in the poem, such as flowers falling, moonrise, birdsong, etc., are all dynamic scenes, and at the same time, through these dynamic scenes, the quietness of the spring streams is shown more prominently. "Birdsong Mountain is even more secluded", see the stillness in the movement, the more you see its stillness, which contains the dialectic method.

7

Leisurely scene to write sad

is a kind of contrasting technique, on the surface of the writing is a joyful scene, but in practice it is the use of this to express a kind of sadness, miserable emotions.

For example, the green sparrow and swan boat, the four-cornered dragon streamer, turns gracefully with the wind. Gold car jade as a wheel, tramping buckskin horse, tasseled gold skeleton saddle. A gift of three million dollars, all with green silk, colorful three hundred horses, the hand-over of the city salmon treasures.

8

Scenery and emotion

Poetry in the process of discussion or lyricism, the abrupt end of the scene, the scene instead of the end of the emotion, so that the poem "at this time there is no emotion better than there is emotion," seems to be not yet finished.

For example, the pipa is a new sound, and it is always the old parting of the mountains. The new sound of the pipa is a new sound, but the old feeling of parting from the mountain is still there.

(Wang Changling's "Seven Songs of Marching from the Army") The first three lines of the poem are all about the sound of music, and in the last line, the poet gently dangles a stroke to end the sentiment with the scene. As if in the army after drinking wine and music, suddenly appeared a month of the Great Wall of the reckless scene: the ancient majestic Great Wall rolling, the autumn moon shining, the scene is magnificent and sad. At this moment, is the garrisoner's heart thick with nostalgia, or is he eager to build a career? Is the worry about the reality, or the deep love for the motherland? ...... is not known, leaving the reader an infinite space for imagination.

9

Borrowing from the past to satirize the present

This is a common expression in the ahistorical poems, borrowing events in history to satirize the current dynasty.

For example, the city of Taicheng has been a place of luxury for six generations, and the events of spring are the most extravagant. Ten thousand households and thousands of doors have become weeds, only because of a song of backyard flowers. (Liu Yuxi's "Taicheng") The whole poem is titled "Taicheng", the place where the emperors of the six dynasties lived and ruled, and describes the desultory life of the six dynasties, which is in stark contrast to the desolate scene of overgrown wild grasses, which turns the serious lessons of the history into shocking concrete images, and expresses the infinite feelings of mourning the past and sadness of the present.

10

Rendering

One of China's traditional painting techniques, later borrowed to refer to the writing technique of emphasizing, repeating, and other aspects of the writing to highlight the characters and the environment.

For example, the autumn leaves of the golden well sycamore are yellow, and the pearl curtains are not rolled with frost at night. The smoke cage and jade pillow have no color, and I am lying down to listen to the clear leakage of the South Palace. (Wang Changling's "Autumn Words") The first sentence breaks the title to describe the autumn scenery to render the atmosphere of the cold night of the palace.

11

Baking

Baking

Baking is one of the traditional painting techniques in China. Also known as "baking clouds to the moon". Later borrowed to refer to a writing technique, refers to a specific environment through the atmosphere of the depiction, in order to highlight a certain mood of the characters or highlight the image of the characters of the technique. This technique is often used in combination with rendering.

For example: when a walker sees Luoshi, he strokes his moustache; when a young man sees Luoshi, he takes off his hat and puts it on his head; when a ploughman forgets his plough, and when a hoeman forgets his hoe; when he comes back to his home, he is angry with each other, and sits down to watch Luoshi. ("Stranger's Mulberry")

12

Using Dictionary

Using Dictionary refers to a rhetorical way of illustrating one's own point of view by quoting words from historical stories or ancient books. There are both explicit and implicit uses of diction.

For example: Who asked: Can Lian Po still eat when he is old? The lyricist compares himself with Lian Po to show that he is old but he does not forget his loyalty to serve.

13

The combination of real and imaginary

Real writing refers to the direct and positive narration and description of characters or events. False writing, refers to the use of side account or baking narrative and description. The combination of real and imaginary, that is, the two techniques used in the narrative and description at the same time.

For example, the white trees in the courtyard are filled with crows, and the osmanthus flowers are wet with cold dew. (Wang Jian "fifteenth night looking at the moon") the ground as white as frost, perching crows visible, although the poet did not explicitly write "moonlight", but we feel everywhere "moonlight bright". The actual writing of "ground white" "perched crows", false writing "moonlight", implicitly "looking at the moon" the title of the poem.

14

Repression

Repression can be divided into two kinds: the method of wanting to raise the first repression; the method of wanting to suppress the first raise.

E.g.

E.g.

For example, the clogs should have mercy on the clogs and the moss, and the door of the wood is not open for a long time. The spring color of the garden can not be closed, a branch of red apricots out of the wall. (Ye Shao-weng "not worth the garden") The first two lines of the poem wrote the poet to take the pleasure of visiting the garden, was rejected; the last two lines are written out of the poet has something else, to see the garden full of spring color, before and after the feelings have a gap, the front regret, the back happy. Here, the method of "wanting to raise the first suppression" is used.

15

Contrast

Using contrast, you can distinguish different characters, different phenomena of life, different thoughts and feelings more distinctly, so that the beautiful is more beautiful, the ugly is more ugly.

For example, the soil in front of the door is exhausted, and there is not a single tile on the house. Ten fingers are not stained with mud, and the scales live in the building. (Mei Yaochen's "The Potter") The poem y exposes the extreme irrationality of the feudal social system and expresses the poet's deep sympathy for the toiling people through the strong and sharp contrast between the potter and the rich family.