How to cultivate peach seedlings?

On the basis of ensuring the cultivation of qualified and high-quality seedlings, the rapid cultivation technology of peach seedlings shortens the cultivation time from the traditional two years to one year, shortens the seedling raising period by one time, greatly accelerates the seedling raising speed, doubles the benefits and meets the market demand. After eight months of cultivation, the finished seedlings can leave the nursery, and the yield of commercial seedlings per mu is 8000 ~ 1000.

First, the choice of nursery land

Choose loam or sandy loam with flat terrain, good irrigation and drainage conditions and deep and fertile soil layer to avoid continuous cropping.

Second, the cultivation of rootstock seedlings

1. Seed preparation. When peach is used as rootstock, the sand storage time of peach heart is 100 ~ 120 days. Generally, sand storage is started in 165438+ 10 month one year before sowing, and ditch storage is adopted.

2. sow seeds. It is advisable to sow in late March, and the sowing amount per mu is 75 kg. Water the fields. Before ploughing, apply 5000 kg of farm manure and 30 kg of diammonium phosphate, with ploughing depth of 15 cm, and level the site. Before sowing, the peach stones stored in the sand are taken out, the cracked and germinated peach stones are manually classified, put into a container, covered with a layer of wet sand, and ready for sowing. The unopened peach stones should be placed separately and sown separately. When sowing, the ditching depth is 5 cm and the row spacing is 40 cm. Seeding the sprouted and cracked peach stones at the interval of 10 cm; Plant broken peach kernels in the ditch, and then interplant them after seedling emergence.

3. Management before grafting. Generally, the seedlings are watered for the first time when they are basically in full bloom, and then every 15 ~ 20 days, combined with topdressing 1 ~ 2 times, urea 15 kg is applied per mu. In the middle and late May, all the lateral branches sprouting from the lower part of the rootstock should be removed, leaving the trunk 20 cm high. Before grafting, the lateral branches should be removed again, leaving the trunk about 25 cm high.

Third, grafting.

1. Grafting time. Grafting is generally completed from the end of May to July 5th. When the thickness of the rootstock at 20 cm is greater than 0.4 cm, the earlier the better. Generally, water is poured once before grafting to facilitate the survival of grafting.

2. Prepare the binding tape. Select a high-quality plastic film with a thickness of 0.03 mm, cut it into plastic strips with a width of 1.5 ~ 2 cm and a length of 25 cm with scissors, and tie it into small bundles every 100.

3. Preparation of scion. Take the new shoots of fine varieties as scions, and after defoliation, insert the lower end into a container filled with clear water for standby, with a water depth of 5 cm, preferably as you pick it.

4. Grafting method. Grafting with "one horizontal point" bud grafting method. Grafters crouched side by side in the middle of two rows. First, cut the bud, select the bud, and obliquely cut it at the lower end of the bud 1 cm, the depth is 1/3 ~ 1/2 of the branch thickness, and the length is greater than 1 cm of the bud. Then wrap a knife around the bud to a depth of 0.7 cm, reaching the xylem, and both sides intersect with the vertical knife edge. Pinch the petiole and bud with the thumb and forefinger of the right hand, break it to the right and take it off. Select the smooth part between two leaves with a height of about 20 cm on the rootstock (there should be more than 6 healthy leaves at the lower part), first cut a knife across the xylem, which is slightly wider than the bud, cut the cortex at the lower part vertically with the knife tip, insert the bud into the rootstock, align it with the upper end, and tie it tightly with plastic strips. Pay attention to protect the leaves near the grafting place when grafting.

Fourth, post-management

1. Untie the anvil. Generally, the stock is cut 7 days after grafting, and the stock is released 10 day. Adopt the second pruning method. When pruning for the first time, leave two leaves (nodes) above the grafting site, and cut off the top of the rootstock and all the remaining side branches. After the seedlings grow tall, the anvil stakes are cut off. Generally, it germinates 5 ~ 7 days after cutting the anvil.

2. Except MengMeng. Generally, the first germination should be carried out on 10 day after anvil cutting, only the germinated buds should be kept, and the second germination should be carried out on 10 ~ 15 day after the remaining buds are erased.

3. Promote growth. Rainfall should be combined to keep the soil moist. After grafting, when the new shoots of seedlings grow to more than 10 cm, topdressing can be carried out for the first time, once every 15 ~ 20 days, topdressing for 2 ~ 3 times, and urea 15 kg per mu can be combined with irrigation to weed.

4. Pest control. The main pests and diseases after grafting are pear fruit borer and aphid, and attention should be paid to the prevention and control of red spider in individual dry years. Peach moth generally begins to eat buds in the bud stage, and it should be controlled for the first time before and after unbinding, and then divided into several times according to the damage situation. Combined with fruit eaters to control aphids, beta-cypermethrin 2000 times solution was selected. 15% daralin 3000 times solution can control red spider.

Peach blossom (scientific name: almond? Rosaceae, peach. Small deciduous trees; The leaves are narrowly ovoid to lanceolate, with a length of 15cm and a width of 4cm, a slender top, fine teeth at the edge, dark green luster, and nectaries at the base of the leaves; The bark is dark gray, and cracks appear with age; Flowers are solitary, from light to dark pink or red, sometimes white, with short stalks and a diameter of 4 cm, and bloom in early spring; A nearly spherical drupe with hairy surface, edible pulp, orange-yellow with red stripes, 7.5 cm in diameter, deep pits and grooves in the core, and white seeds.

It is a small deciduous tree with fruit as fruit. Flowers are visible and fruits are juicy. Can be eaten raw, peaches, canned peaches and so on. And nucleoli can also be eaten. The flesh is white and yellow, and there are many varieties of peaches. Generally, the skin is hairy, and the skin of nectarine is smooth. The fruit of "Flat Peach" is flat and discoid; "Peach" is an ornamental peach tree with many petal forms. Originally from China, it is widely cultivated in various provinces. It is cultivated all over the world.

The earliest ancient book in China that recorded peach varieties was Erya Cao Shi in the tenth century BC: "Luo (sound spear), winter peach; Hey (sound four), mountain peach. " "Miscellanies of Xijing" records that in the first century BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty built a "Bamboo Garden" in Beijing. Among the different fruits contributed by officials, there are Qin Tao, Fangtao, Barnyard Walnut, Jincheng Peach, Qiti Peach, Chai Wentao, Frost Peach and other peach varieties. In the third century, Guo added "winter peach, autumn peach, fragrant peach and red peach". With the continuous improvement of grafting and cultivation techniques, peach varieties are varied and dazzling. In the 6th century AD, there were nearly 20 peach varieties recorded in Qi Shu, more than 30 in Luoyang in Song Dynasty and Zhou Dynasty, and more than 40 peach varieties recorded by Wang in Qunfangpu in Ming Dynasty. Nowadays, "peaches and plums are all over the world." Peach trees are planted in nearly 100 countries all over the world. The country that produces the most peaches is China, followed by the United States, Japan and Italy. Thanks to the long planting history and vast planting area, the industrious and intelligent working people in China have cultivated colorful peach trees, which are spread all over the country from Jiangsu and Zhejiang in the south to Jilin in the north. According to statistics, there are thousands of peach varieties originating in China.