How many ethnic minorities are there in Guangxi?

There are 56 ethnic groups in Guangxi. There are 12 ethnic groups living in the world, and all the other 44 ethnic minorities in China live there.

1. Guangxi is a multi-ethnic autonomous region. There are 12 indigenous peoples, including Zhuang, Han, Yao, Miao, Dong, Mulao, Maonan, Hui, Jing, Yi, Shui and Gelao, as well as Manchu, Mongolian, Korean, Bai, Tibetan and Gelao. Zhuang nationality is the largest minority in Guangxi.

2. Guangxi is a minority autonomous region with Zhuang as the main body, and it is also the province (region) with the largest minority population in China. There are Zhuang, Han, Yao, Miao, Dong, Mulao, Maonan, Hui, Jing, Yi, Shui, Gelao and other ethnic groups 12, among which Guangxi is the region with the largest population of Yao in China, accounting for about 60% of the total population of Yao in China.

3. Guangxi is the region with the largest population of Mulao in China, accounting for about 90% of the Mulao population in China; Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County is the only Maonan Autonomous County in China and the largest Maonan inhabited area in China, with more than 70,000 people. Guangxi is the only Jing nationality settlement in China, where 44 other ethnic minorities live.

4. 1 1 The ethnic minorities living in Guangxi have their own languages, namely Zhuang, Jing, Yao, Miao, Dong, Mulao, Maonan, Jing, Yi, Shui and gelao language. With the use of water language, the population of Gelao language is decreasing and it has become an endangered language.

There are six kinds of Chinese dialects: Cantonese, Southwest Mandarin (Guiliu Mandarin), Hakka dialect, Pinghua, Hunan dialect and Fujian dialect.

Extended data:

1, Zhuang nationality.

Zhuang nationality, formerly known as Zhudang nationality, is the most populous minority in China, and its national language is Zhuang language.

Zhuang nationality originated from "Xi 'ou" and "Luo Yue" recorded in the historical records of the Han nationality during the pre-Qin, Qin and Han dynasties, and distributed in 3 1 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government.

19651June 12. On the proposal of then Premier the State Council and with the consent of the Zhuang people, the State Council officially approved the change of "Tong" to "Zhuang".

Most festivals of Zhuang nationality are the same as those of Han nationality. Traditional folk festivals of Han nationality, such as Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Spring and Autumn Social Day, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival and New Year's Eve, are also festivals of Zhuang nationality. The festivals of Zhuang nationality with national characteristics include "March 3" Song Festival, "Cattle Soul Festival" and "Central Plains Festival".

2. Yao nationality.

Yao is one of the oldest ethnic groups in China. Yao is one of the "Jiuli" in the ancient East, the most widely distributed ethnic group in southern China and one of the oldest ethnic groups in China. Legend has it that Yao is the daughter of Pan Hu and the descendant of Yincui gorge.

There are many traditional festivals of Yao nationality, almost every month, and the festivals vary from place to place. Major festivals include Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Social Festival, Wang Pan Festival, Wish Festival and Hope Festival. During the Spring Festival, the Yao people hold cultural and sports activities with ethnic characteristics, such as singing, playing bronze drums, racing top, shooting crossbows, hunting, throwing hydrangeas and fighting thrush.

3. Miao nationality.

Miao people in Guangxi mainly live in Rongshui, Longlin, Sanjiang and Longsheng autonomous counties, and the rest are scattered in counties (autonomous counties) such as Ziyuan, Xilin, Rong 'an, Nan 'an, Du 'an, Huanjiang, Tianlin, Laibin and Napo. Guangxi Miao people call themselves "Mu", "Meng" and "Daji", and he calls them partial seedlings, white seedlings, red seedlings, flower seedlings, clear water seedlings, planted Qiang seedlings and grass seedlings.

Except for its own traditional festival-Miao Year, other festivals in Guangxi are basically the same as those of the Han nationality, but the activities are different.

4. Dong people.

The ancestors of the Dong nationality were called "Thousand Hands" in the documents before the pre-Qin period, and it is generally believed that the Dong nationality developed from a branch of ancient Baiyue. Agriculture is the mainstay of the Dong people, and rice cultivation is the mainstay of agriculture. Rice planting has a long history, and forestry, agriculture and forestry production have reached a fairly high level.

Dong people in Guangxi are mainly distributed in Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County, Longsheng Autonomous County and Rongshui Miao Autonomous County. The Dong people's festival is the Spring Festival, where they worship the ox god (the eighth day of April or the sixth day of June in the lunar calendar) and eat Chinese New Year's goods (the seventh month in the lunar calendar). In some areas, people celebrate the Year of Dong in 10 or 1 1 month. Due to the inter-ethnic communication, Dong people also have Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Double Ninth Festival.

5. Mlo (Ml) family.

Mulao nationality, whose national language is Mulao language, belongs to Dong Shui language branch of Zhuang and Dong language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. There is no national language, and Chinese characters are commonly used. In Guangxi, most Mulao people live in Dongmen, Siba, Huangjin, Longan, Tianhe and Xiao Chang 'an of Luocheng Mulao Autonomous County. A few are scattered in Xincheng, Yishan, Liucheng, Du 'an, Huanjiang, Hechi, Rongshui, Rong 'an and other counties.

Mulao nationality has a very rich festival culture. There are many festivals in a year, almost every month. This is because the Mulao people have many festivals with national characteristics besides Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival and Kitchen God Festival. In the Mulao nationality, even festivals enjoyed by all ethnic groups have a unique national flavor.

6. Maonan nationality.

Maonan people in Guangxi call themselves Anan or Ainan (single name) and Jiongnan (common name), which means "people here". Translated into Chinese means "Maonan nationality". Zhuang people call Maonan nationality Bunan and Wenmaonan, which are also translated into Maonan nationality.

Dragon Boat Festival is the largest folk festival of Maonan nationality in Guangxi, which is held in May of the lunar calendar. Before the beginning of the 20th century, people gathered inside and outside temples for activities every year, so it was also called "Temple Fair" or "Temple Fair in May".

7. Buyi people.

Buyi people evolved from the ancient Liao people, mainly agriculture. Buyi ancestors began to grow rice very early and enjoyed the title of "rice-growing nation".

Buyi people have many traditional festivals, except New Year's Day, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, which are similar to those of Han people. Festivals such as March 3rd, April 8th and June 6th all have their own characteristics.

8. Jing nationality.

The Jing nationality is mainly in Southeast Asia, and the Guangxi Jing nationality is mainly distributed in Fangchenggang, mainly in Shu Wei, Shanxin and Wutou islands in Jiangping Town, dongxing city, which are called "the three islands of Jing nationality".

The national festivals of the Jing nationality mainly include Ha Festival, Spring Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Eating New Rice Festival. "Ha Festival" is a grand national festival when the Jing nationality is 20 years old. It holds four important activities: offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors, entertainment and drinking in the countryside. The date of "Ha Festival" varies from place to place. Shuwei Island and Wutou Island are on the tenth day of the sixth lunar month, Shanxin Island is on the tenth day of August, and Hongkan Village is on the fifteenth day of the first month.

"Ha Festival" is held in "Ha Ting", and "Ha Ting" is built everywhere. The "hate" in every village is made of fine wood, with a solid structure and a unique national form. In the middle of the roof, there is a festive image decoration of Shuanglong playing beads. Hate to divide the left and right halls and the main hall; There is a shrine of family worship in the Hall of Ursa Major. The pillars in the temple are carved with couplets or poems with ethnic customs.

9. Aquarium.

Shui nationality is a single nationality in southern China, which developed from a branch of the ancient "Baiyue" nationality "Luoyue". The ancient writing system of Shui nationality retains the compatibility of pictures, hieroglyphs and abstract characters. There are Shui villages in Hechi, Nandan, Huanjiang, Rongshui and other counties and cities in northern Guangxi.

10, Yi nationality.

Yi nationality is the sixth largest minority in China, and its national language is Yi language. Before the founding of New China, the Yi people had many branches due to different regions and dialects, and had many different appellations and self-descriptions. The main appellations are Yi, Hei Yi, Bai Yi, Hong Yi, Gan Yi, Huayao and Micha.

Festivals are the concentrated expression of the lifestyle and customs of Yi people all over the country. There are agricultural festivals focusing on agricultural production; There are sacrificial festivals mainly dedicated to gods and ancestors; There are commemorative festivals focusing on remembering heroes and major events; There are festivals to celebrate harvest and victory; There are social entertainment festivals with singing, dancing and opera as the main activities.

1 1, Lao people.

The Gelao nationality is related to the ancient Liao people (Lm 40). gelao language belongs to Sino-Tibetan language family and has no written language of its own, so Chinese is widely used. Gelao language worships his ancestors, the ancestors of Zhu Wang and barbarian king, and the mountain gods. Gelao people in Guangxi are mainly distributed in Longlin Autonomous County, Guangxi.

The most important festivals of the Gelao nationality in a year are Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Mountain Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Eating Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival, Ox King Festival, Bird Festival and Insect Festival, among which the biggest festival is Spring Festival.

Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is a multi-ethnic settlement with various cultures intertwined. Over time, ethnic minorities have also been partially sinicized. Of course, we can feel the strong ethnic customs in folk yards or ethnic minority settlements, and we hope that all ethnic groups will unite and inherit the national characteristics completely.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Guangxi