What national stringed instruments are there in China?

Brief Introduction of China National Musical Instruments

China's national musical instruments have a long history. They are rich in variety, unique, self-contained and civilized in the world. They are one of the treasures in China's national music culture. According to folk classification, they can be divided into the following four categories:

Wind instruments: flute, suona, pipe, sheng, etc.

String instruments: Erhu, Jinghu, Banhu, Gao Hu, etc.

Plucked musical instruments: guqin, guzheng, pipa, etc.

Percussion instruments: gongs, drums and cymbals.

wind instrument

Bamboo Flute

Flute is the most popular national musical instrument in China with a long history. The "horizontal flute" in Han Dynasty is also called "horizontal blowing".

The flute is crisp and bright, and is often used for solo. Its high-pitched area is high and bright, which is suitable for expressing boundless artistic conception. The alto is sweet and mellow, which is suitable for expressing pastoral flavor or beautiful and smooth singing melody.

Flute playing skills are rich, including sliding, Boeing, pause, staccato and so on.

Traditional flute can be divided into bangdi and Qu Di. Bangdi is named after the accompaniment of Bangzi Opera. The shape is short and pithy, the timbre is rich and bright, and its performance is more important than the use of tongue skills. It was described as a happy meeting.

Qu Di was named for accompanying Kunqu Opera. Its timbre is mellow and soft, its figure is long, and its performance emphasizes the control of breath.

Represented by "flying partridge".

Suona; suona; suona horn

Suona was introduced into China from Persia and Arabia in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, and it was widely spread among the people in China. It is an important instrument for weddings, funerals and celebrations in military music, opera, song and dance and folk percussion.

Suona is mainly composed of whistle, pole and copper bowl. According to the size, it can be divided into big suona, middle suona and small suona.

Suona has outstanding timbre, rough and high volume. When playing hard, it can show a warm and jubilant atmosphere or grand charm; When playing weakly, you can play a soft and beautiful tone like a flute. Its rich playing skills can also simulate bird calls and human voices. It is a very expressive solo instrument and often plays the leading role in the ensemble.

As a representative of "a hundred birds pay homage to the phoenix"

Pipes/pipes

The pipe was first used in court bands, and then widely popular among northern folk, becoming one of the main musical instruments of percussion bands in Northeast China, North China, Shandong and Shanxi.

The pipe consists of a whistle and a wooden pipe with eight sound holes. According to the thickness of the tube, it can be divided into small tube, medium tube and large tube.

Guan has rich playing skills, especially the sliding sound, which can imitate human voice, flute and animal chirping. It is a solo instrument with strong expressive force.

Shown as "the river is getting worse"

Huangsheng wind instrument

From the Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States Period and then to the Han Dynasty, Sheng and Ru are the same musical instrument, and the difference lies in the arrangement of phonology and the number of reeds.

Sheng is mainly composed of sheng bucket, sheng spring and sheng tube. The sheng bucket is made of copper and the sheng tube is made of bamboo. Sheng's timbre is sweet, soft and bright, which can not only play a sweet melody, but also make a sound similar to a plucked instrument by using the sound-spitting technique, thus playing a harmonious role in the ensemble.

Expressed as "Phoenix spreads its wings"

stringed instrument

erhu

Erhu, also known as Nanhu and Omzi, etc. It consists of a barrel, a stem, a string, two strings, a thousand catties and a string horse. The bow made a sound between the strings. The timbre of the inner string is soft and full. The outer string is bright and vigorous.

Erhu is suitable for playing soft and delicate lyric melody. It can also play a vigorous or lively melody through some special playing skills, and can also imitate the sound of gongs and drums, Ma Si, birds singing, hooves and so on.

Masterpieces: Two Springs Reflecting the Moon, Bright Walk

Jinghu

Jinghu, also known as the main accompaniment instrument of Huqin, Peking Opera and Han Opera, is made of bamboo, with snake skin on its mouth and short body. It is played with a ponytail bow. In the early days, it was played with a soft bow, and later it was changed to a hard bow, with a loud timbre.

There are a large number of Beijing-Hu special tunes in Beijing Opera, such as "Little Door Opening", "Deep Night" and "Liu Qingniang".

banhu (fiddle)

Banhu, also known as Bangzi and Qinhu, is the main accompaniment instrument for traditional operas such as Bangzi Opera. Qin barrels are mostly coconut shells or other wood, and the barrel surface is set at four or five degrees.

High range, solid sound quality and bright timbre.

Representative works include: Flower Bangzi and Red Army Brothers Come Back.

Gaohu

1926, Lu Wencheng and others brought the erhu from Shanghai to Guangzhou, improved its range and made it into Gao Hu, which became one of the main musical instruments in Guangdong.

Gao Hu Qin is slightly smaller, louder and brighter than Erhu. Its playing technique is similar to that of erhu, taking over the high-pitched area where erhu is incompetent in the band.

Gaohu's representative works include Rain Beating Banana and Autumn Moon in Pinghu.

Play stringed instruments

guqin

Guqin, also known as lyre, was called Lv Qi, Sitong and Hengqin in ancient times. Become a solo instrument with strong expressive force during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

Guqin generally uses paulownia as a flat long speaker, with seven strings, set according to the five-tone scale and a range of four octaves.

Representative works include: Three Layers of Yangguan, Xiaoxiang Water Cloud, Running Water in the Mountains, Eighteen Beats of Hu Family, etc.

a surname

Zheng is a kind of flat-fingered musical instrument. It is a very long wooden sound with strings on the surface and a column under the strings, which can be moved to adjust the pitch.

Folk Zheng music in different regions has its own characteristics and forms different schools, especially in Henan, Shandong, Chaozhou, Hakka and Zhejiang.

Representative work: "Fishing boats sing late"

pipa

Pipa is a stringed instrument played with a handle. In ancient times, all musical instruments played with the grip were called pipa, such as Ruan, Sanxian and.

After the Song Dynasty, pipa became the proper name of plucked instrument with curved neck and semi-pear-shaped sound box, so it was also called curved neck pipa. It was introduced into China from India in the 4th century.

Pipa has four strings, six phases and 25 products, and its tone is crisp and soft.

His representative works include House of Flying Daggers, Overlord Dismantling Armor and so on.

three delicacies

Sanxian, also known as Heizi, is a traditional plucked instrument in China. It has a long handle, a square sound, two layers of skin on both sides, and three strings are held in the arms. Its timbre is rough and bold, and it is widely used in national instrumental music, opera music and rap music.

There are two kinds of sanxian: small sanxian and big sanxian. Folk arts such as northern drums and playing strings are accompanied by big three-stringed instruments. Southern Tanci Quyi, Kunqu Opera and other traditional operas and instrumental music ensembles mostly use Xiao Sanxian.

percussion instrument

Percussion instrument refers to an instrument that produces sound by percussion. It is a very distinctive part of China national musical instruments and an indispensable accompaniment instrument in folk songs and dances, rap and traditional operas. In folk activities, weddings, funerals and celebrations are often used to create a warm atmosphere.

Percussion instruments have a loud voice, rich timbre and strong sense of rhythm. They can be played with wind instruments and stringed instruments or independently.

According to the production materials, musical instrument shapes and sound effects, it can be divided into drums, gongs, cymbals and boards.

Drums include drums, mini drums, paigu, timpani and banjo.

The types of gongs are big gongs, small gongs, soup gongs, fixed-tone gongs and ten-sided drums. Clams are big cymbals, medium cymbals and small cymbals.

There are clappers, bamboo boards, bangzi, wooden fish and so on.

According to pitch, it can be divided into fixed tone and indefinite tone.

There are gongs, timpani, chimes and numbered bells.

Different types of sounds can be divided into treble, alto and bass by sound.

There are wooden fish, castanets, bangzi, chimes and so on.

Alto, there are cymbals, jingles, drums and so on.

There are drums, cymbals, bass gongs and so on.

The ethnic minorities in China are famous for their singing and dancing, and have created splendid and distinctive traditional music culture for thousands of years. As the carrier of music culture, national musical instruments are unique in shape, exquisite in craftsmanship and simple in style. They can not only play beautiful and moving music, but also have rich cultural connotations, and are also pleasing national handicrafts.

There are a considerable number of national musical instruments in the Museum of National Culture Palace. Most of these national musical instruments come from the folk, including wind instruments, percussion instruments and stringed instruments, which are mostly used for entertainment and dance accompaniment of ethnic minorities. Some of them still maintain ancient features, such as Yi people of Hui nationality, Ding Dong of Li, Deer Whistle of Ewenki nationality, Qiangdi of Qiang nationality, Xiqin of Korean nationality, etc., which can be called "living fossils" of music culture and are important materials for studying ancient music culture. Ma Touqin of Mongolia, Musuna of Uygur, Lusheng and Hulusheng of Miao, Dong, Yao and Yi nationalities, and Bawu of Dai nationality have their own characteristics and are unique to all ethnic minorities.

The national musical instrument Balangzi Kuomu (Tajik in Xinjiang) Elephant Foot Drum Qin (Dai in Yunnan) Lusheng (Miao, Dong, Shui and Yi) Huluxiao (De 'ang in Yunnan) Musuona (Uygur in Xinjiang)

National musical instruments include: percussion instruments.

Body sound instrument for hitting each other

Falling percussion instrument

A somatosensory instrument with rock beat

Integrated musical instrument

percussion instrument

Beat a movie instrument

Mixed percussion instrument

Lip vibrating instrument

Musical instrument with vibrating sound and sounding gas

Marginal instrument

Blow a musical instrument

Single reed musical instrument

Double reed musical instrument

Percussion stringed instrument

Pluck a stringed instrument

bowed stringed instrument