What is bureaucracy?

Bureaucracy refers to the administrative organization composed of trained full-time personnel in all large and medium-sized organizations. /kloc-in the 8th century, when people first used the word "bureaucracy", they regarded it as a new form of government, and thought that the maintenance of public welfare spirit benefited from bureaucrats and officials.

Bureaucracy is a high embodiment of the rationality of modern capitalist economy. A fully developed bureaucracy is a strict functional system that implements organizational management. It turns the whole society into a huge impersonal machine, so that all social behaviors are based on the relationship between function and efficiency, thus ensuring that social organizations can maximize economic benefits. In modern society, the bureaucracy of organization and management has penetrated into all fields of social life, reflecting the rationalization of social life.

Weber believes that this is the inevitable "fate" of modern society. On the one hand, it makes people's actions gradually dilute the pursuit of value ideals and ideology, and pay attention to functional efficiency; On the other hand, it mercilessly exploited people's individual freedom, and made modern society deeply involved in the process of controlling and replacing purposes by means.

The performance of the end of bureaucracy is:

The ability of traditional administration to realize efficiency value is questioned; The dissolution of the concept of "rule" and the emergence of the concept of "governance"; Revolutionary and epoch-making changes have taken place in the operation mode and functions of the government; The hierarchy of power was destroyed and the bureaucracy was distorted. The emergence of public management is the result of challenging bureaucracy. It expands and deepens the content of administrative management, emphasizes "public * * *", and takes solving "public * * * problems" and realizing "public * * * * interests" as a new goal, indicating that the reform of public * * * organizations has gone from the inside to the outside.

The rise of post-bureaucracy is the latest background of public management, which is mainly manifested as follows: organizational change is characterized by diversity and complexity; Whether "good governance" can be the basic standard to judge the quality of organizational model; The public sector, the private sector and the third sector appear in an open attitude; Government organizations show the ability change from technical imitation to institutional imitation and reference; Personnel management is moving towards the era of human resource management; "Virtual government" and "shadow public sector" have the ability to share and improve traditional government functions; Power "polycentric" formation.