Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional culture - Four ancient civilizations

Four ancient civilizations

India is one of the four ancient civilizations in the world. It has a long history and splendid culture, and places of interest are all over the country. Coupled with the beautiful local scenery and picturesque scenery, India has become a very attractive country for academic investigation and tourism.

India is different from some countries. When you get there, you will find that you have not only crossed geographical boundaries, but also crossed just visiting, just like entering the past, but staying in the present. Some people describe India as "the fusion of past and present, tradition and contemporary, new and old", which makes sense.

India's historical sites are world-famous. Delhi is not only a political center, but also an important tourist destination. The famous Red Fort, skyscrapers in the ancient capital, colorful temples, gorgeous ancient buildings and lifelike statues. All of them are very attractive to scholars and tourists at home and abroad. The historical murals in the world-famous Ajanta Grottoes, about 2000 years ago, exude rare artistic brilliance in the world and are worthy of being a treasure house of Indian art, which has been highly praised by artists from all over the world.

Therefore, there is an endless stream of tourists and investigators all year round. Among the Airola Grottoes carved on the mountain, the tall temples with exquisite craftsmanship are still breathtaking. The ancient stupa, very magnificent, carved with various patterns, is lifelike and reminds people of the Buddha's words of peace. The magnificent palace inlaid with white marble, glazed tiles and lenses shows its charm in the sun.

The Taj Mahal, one of the seven wonders of the world, is made of white marble, which is smooth, white, solemn and beautiful. Its beautiful architecture is rare in the world, so tourists are intoxicated by its beauty, and tourists are amazed by its exquisite art. Gualior, an ancient historical city, was elaborately decorated by the rulers of past dynasties and later became the capital of the old Madhya Pradesh. There are many places of interest there, and "Castle" is one of them. It is magnificent, and there are fairy tales about it, which is well known. Therefore, it attracts a large number of scholars and tourists at home and abroad. There is also Na varanasi, also known as Benares, which is known as the "Holy City in the Holy City" and is located on the west bank of the famous Indian holy river Ganges. There are a considerable number of temples in this city, at least 1500. These temples vary in size and style. Therefore, the status of the city has been particularly prominent since ancient times, and it is an ancient city that can reflect ancient Indian culture. It still occupies a very important position in the lives of the Indian people, and so on.

All this is not only a sign that the past has disappeared, but also the beautiful legend that gave birth to all these relics is still widely circulated among the people. Every day at dawn, many people are still asleep, and melodious bells and chanting sounds come from the ancient temple. The grand wedding is still held solemnly around the sacred flame, and the music and dance still echo the melody engraved on the temple wall. Today, in the same country, atomic physics, space technology, software industry, etc. Like Mahatma Gandhi's nonviolence, it has been understood and accepted and is developing rapidly.

Today, when people mention India, they often think of Buddhism. Indeed, Buddhism is a religion that originated in India, and it has a great influence on the social culture of many countries including China in history, but Buddhism is not the only religion in India, nor is it the main religion in India today. In addition to Buddhism, India also has Islam, Christianity, Jainism, Sikhism, Zoroastrianism and Hinduism, among which Hinduism has the largest number and the greatest influence. Hinduism accounts for more than 82% of India's population.

Indian music has infinite charm. People who have seen Indian movies or listened to Indian songs feel the same way. They think Indian songs are beautiful and the music is sweet, which makes many people get tired of watching movies and listening to music. Indians believe that music is a necessity of life, otherwise life will be boring, just like a glass of white water.

Indian people are not only hardworking and intelligent, but also good at singing and dancing. During festivals and temple fairs, they always indulge in singing and dancing, and even stay up all night and forget to return. Indian dance is world-famous. Indian dance can be divided into classical dance and folk dance. Geographically, classical dance can be divided into North Indian dance and South Indian dance. The classical dances in North India mainly include Ketak Dance and Manipur Dance. The classical dances in South India mainly include Bharata and Getakri. Limited to space, I won't introduce it here. In addition, there are many famous folk dances in famous places, which are not only rich in content, but also have their own characteristics, with strong local color and life flavor, and are well received by the masses.

Emotions are common in life, but they are very important in the eyes of Indians. From birth to death, at different stages of life, a person should hold different manners and solemnly express different feelings. Indians also believe that etiquette can make people avoid disasters and evil spirits and get happiness. When necessary, we still worship fire and water and pray for the blessing of Vulcan and Water God. Sometimes, priests are invited to attend ceremonies (representing God), pray and recite spells, and worship God and ancestors. In a word, we try our best to please God and hope that God will bless the organizers of the ceremony and the whole family or someone, so that not only this life will be safe and blessed, but also everything will be well in the afterlife, and there will be no disaster and death. It is not difficult to see that in the eyes of Indians, etiquette is closely related to their lives.

Since ancient times, the Indian people have formed many colorful national festivals in their long lives. The number of festivals in India is amazing. There are 100 major festivals, such as Lantern Festival, Holi Festival, Mother's Day and Victory Day. Coupled with small festivals, festivals in various States, it is hard to say how many * * *. No wonder I always feel that I have a holiday. But Indian children are more interested in this, because during the festival, there are food and fun, as well as holidays and rest.

In India, you will find that people's looks are quite different from their costumes, manners, lifestyles and philosophies. Some of them are even diametrically opposed, but there are many similarities, or * * *, which has become an ancient and splendid Indian culture. Therefore, it attracts a large number of foreign scholars and tourists.

Although India has no typical food, they like rice, vegetables and condiments better than Europeans. North Indians find the food of South Indians hard to swallow, and South Indians don't like to eat the food of North Indians. Some people don't eat fish, meat and eggs; Many people would rather starve to death than eat beef, and some people have no taboos. All these eating habits are formed not because of the taste of food, but mainly because of religious reasons. At the same time, the climate in this country is very different. The Himalayas are covered with snow all year round, but Kashmir has the weather of northern Europe. There are scorching deserts in Rajasthan, tropical high temperatures at the southern tip of the peninsula, dense forests in the western coastal areas, 3,220 kilometers of coastline, huge Ganges River system and other rivers make the Indian subcontinent more perfect, so the diet is varied and colorful. Although there are various staple foods and non-staple foods in India, they all have a common feature, that is, some foods are slightly spicy. As for India's rich fruits, there are fresh fruits all year round, and the prices are relatively cheap.

Although India gives people the impression of a so-called "hot country", it is not the same in all parts of India, and there are also the best seasons, that is, from September of the first year to March of the second year. Especially in North India, the climate is cool, the sky is clear, the trees are lush and the leaves are lush. In the bright sunshine, flowers and plants everywhere compete for each other, emitting a burst of fragrance, which is refreshing.

Shopping is also a great pleasure in India. In the shops on both sides of the street, there are a wide range of goods, traditional handicrafts in both urban and rural areas, and old-fashioned techniques in modern times. Exquisite ivory carving and sandalwood carving, traditional jewelry, modern leather products, etc. Not only good, but also cheap. If you walk in the street, enthusiastic shopkeepers will take the initiative to wave to you and introduce a wide range of goods, so please read them endlessly. Those colorful saris, beautifully embroidered clothes and bronzes engraved with beautiful patterns will dazzle you, as if you were in a sea of colorful flowers, which will fascinate you, forget to bargain with the shopkeeper and forget the time. That kind of communication and contact between people is really the most secular transaction elegance.

India has superior natural conditions, abundant arable land and fertile soil. There is no frost period in India except in the northern region. Even in the northern part of Delhi, trees and trees are still lush in winter, and the roads inside and outside the park are covered with all kinds of exotic flowers and grasses. Some people say that India is a beautiful big garden, while others say that India is a natural botanical garden. Opinions vary, so leave it alone. But it does give people a strange feeling, such as the fiery red sun, colorful flowers and plants, lush tropical plants … all of which are fascinating. Indians are lively, optimistic and hospitable. Willing to talk with people may be related to this beautiful natural environment. They are as lovely as flowers. If you are with them, you simply forget that you are in a foreign land, and even homesick people will dilute homesickness.

As for the transportation in India, it is also more convenient. Indian routes are all over the country, starting from Liecheng in the north and reaching Tren in Trifan in the south, with a total length of 3,000 kilometers, which is similar in length from east to west. Connecting more than 70 cities in India, the main aircraft used are A300 Airbus and Boeing 737. Air transport extends in all directions and develops rapidly, and has established air links with more than 50 countries in the world, covering five continents. Indian planes have better equipment and better service, so the number of foreign passengers flying to India has increased year by year.

Indian railways crisscross, ranking first in Asia and third in the world. More than 9 million Indians travel by train every day (1.4% of the national population). The main line is wide rail, which has been electrified; There are also some express sleeper trains that use carriages with air-conditioned rooms. In addition, the attractive journey of auxiliary lines around the country can also make passengers enjoy it.

The main Indian expressway is paved with asphalt, and trees are planted on both sides of the road. Traveling by car or traveling around the country can not only satisfy the beautiful natural scenery, but also be fast and comfortable.

In a word, going to india tourism, especially those countless places of interest, colorful music and dances, will leave an unforgettable impression on you.