Combined with the actual impact of the current financial crisis, talk about how college students should respond?

Since the second half of 2008, the financial crisis has brought great employment pressure to China. This employment pressure comes from the impact of the financial crisis on the employment of two groups, one is the impact on the employment of migrant workers, and the other is the impact on the employment of college graduates. Quantitatively, the number of rural migrant workers affected by the financial crisis is much larger than that of university graduates, but China's typical dual economic structure makes the countryside a reservoir for urban employment, playing the role of a buffer, and unemployed rural migrant workers can return to the rural areas in the short term. The situation is different for university graduates, who desperately need to find jobs after leaving campus. Migrant workers and college graduates, the two major employment groups, the employment of migrant workers will be rapidly alleviated with the economic growth rate, and even the phenomenon of labor shortage will occur again, the current four trillion investment plan launched by the State can also be to a large extent to alleviate the pressure on the employment of migrant workers. However, for college graduates, the situation is not so optimistic. In the years before the financial crisis broke out, despite the favorable economic situation, the problem of difficult employment for college graduates has always been more prominent. In fact, the difficulty of finding employment for college students has been a hot issue for society since 2003, and 2011 will be the most unfavorable year for college graduates in recent years. From the supply side, data show that there will be 6.11 million college graduates in China in 2011, an increase of 520,000 compared to 2010. In addition, as of 2010, 1.5 million college graduates had not yet found a job, and they will join the new graduates in searching for employment opportunities, making the competition for 2011 graduates even more intense. From the demand side, due to the financial crisis and the economic cycle, there will be a significant drop in the demand for college graduates from employers, mainly enterprises. The phenomenon of university graduates being unemployed upon graduation will become more prominent in 2011. To cope with the problem of difficult employment of college students, it is necessary not only for college graduates to change the concept of job search and broaden the scope of job search, but also for governments at all levels and all walks of life to actively support them. There are many reasons why it is difficult for college students to find jobs, among which the backward industrial structure, unbalanced regional development and household registration system are the more prominent reasons. At present, one of the important reasons for the difficulty of employment of college students in China is that the backward industrial structure restricts the demand for college graduates, and it can even be said that migrant laborers have crowded out the employment positions of college students. The employment of college students is mainly concentrated in the tertiary industry, accounting for a very small proportion of the employees in the secondary industry. For a long time, the low-end manufacturing industry, which takes cheap labor as its competitive advantage, has become an important channel for promoting exports and economic growth. Because of the low cultural and skill requirements, which can be met by migrant workers after training, many enterprises prefer to recruit migrant workers rather than university graduates. According to the data of the Fifth National Population Census in 2000 and the National 1% Population Sample Survey in 2005, the proportion of people with college education or above in the manufacturing industry has increased from 5.58% to 7.53%, however, in sharp contrast, the proportion of migrant laborers in the manufacturing industry has increased from 57.74% to 66.47%, obviously, the growth of migrant laborers in the manufacturing industry is much faster than that of college students. obviously, the growth of migrant workers in the manufacturing industry is much faster than that of college students. The manufacturing industry is the industry that absorbs the most labor in China's non-agricultural employment, with more than 30% of the country's employees in the manufacturing industry. Despite the rapid expansion of the manufacturing industry, the demand for college graduates has not grown at the same pace. In the tertiary industry, the wholesale and retail trade is the industry that absorbs the largest number of laborers, but also at a relatively low stage of development, the proportion of university graduates absorbing employment is also very low, with only 8.73% of employees above the tertiary level in 2005, while rural migrant workers accounted for 51.74% of the total. In a situation of slowing demand growth, when the number of college graduates expands dramatically, the problem of employment difficulties arises. Before the expansion of colleges and universities in 1999, the employment problem of university graduates did not constitute a prominent social problem. Starting from 1999, colleges and universities greatly expanded their enrollment, and as a result, in 2003, four years after these students were supposed to have graduated, the employment problem of university graduates came to the fore, and since then it has become an issue of widespread concern to the society. From this, we can see that the imbalance between the supply of and demand for college graduates has its own profound social reasons, and cannot be changed in a short period of time. Thirty years of reform and opening up have not narrowed the gap between the eastern and western regions, but rather widened it. This makes all kinds of labor force have to gather in the eastern coastal region, college students employment in the eastern coastal region as the preferred employment area. 2000, college degree or above employees in the eastern region accounted for about 47.69%, by 2005 this proportion has increased to 53.24%. This has made competition for talent in the eastern region extremely fierce, and it has become increasingly difficult for university graduates to find employment in the east. As the gap between urban and rural areas is also significant, in the same region, talents with tertiary education or above tend to gather in the big cities, which makes the big cities show the "Matthew" effect of talent concentration, and likewise makes the competition for university graduates seeking jobs in the big cities very fierce. At present, the household registration system still plays an important role in large and medium-sized cities, for college graduates, whether they can obtain a large and medium-sized city household registration is a common concern in the process of job hunting. For this reason, they often take the civil service examination, enter the institutions or state-owned enterprises as a priority option for job hunting. Although many small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have a strong demand for university graduates, it is difficult for them to recruit or retain graduates due to their inability to obtain a hukou. In the central and western regions, talents with tertiary education or above are obviously gathering in the public **** sector, an important reason is that the public **** sector can not only solve the problems of settling down, but also has a strong advantage in stability and social welfare. In addition, in the current economic situation, college graduates will encounter more competitive threats in the job search process. The first is the threat of competition from laid-off employees. These people are bound to look for new employment opportunities in the labor market after losing their jobs, and their rich work experience is obviously a competitive threat to college graduates who are ready to enter the society. In contrast, university graduates lack work experience and are therefore vulnerable to the impact. Second is the competitive threat from returnees. Due to the financial crisis and the resulting economic recession in the United States, a large number of international students studying abroad may find it difficult to find suitable job opportunities upon graduation, and even those who originally worked overseas and lost their jobs due to the financial crisis may return to their home countries to look for employment opportunities, which undoubtedly poses a competitive threat to domestic university graduates. In contrast, domestic university graduates may be at a disadvantage in terms of foreign language and professional skills as well as vision. Take colleges and universities as an example, as there are more returnee doctors in recent years, thus giving colleges and universities more choices, many colleges and universities often give priority to returnee doctors and master's degree holders when introducing teachers or researchers, which undoubtedly creates great competitive pressure on local graduates in the process of job hunting. Enterprises are the most affected by the financial crisis, therefore, in 2011, a large number of enterprises will reduce the demand for university graduates, and graduates from disciplines that are traditionally easy to enter enterprises, such as international trade, accounting, and computer science and other applied disciplines, will encounter a cold stream. On the contrary, institutions are less affected by the financial crisis, thus highlighting the advantages of such units, which will inevitably make the competition for jobs in these units more intense. For graduates of some cold disciplines and majors, their employment has not been significantly affected by the financial crisis due to the relatively stable supply and demand relationship over the years. University graduates should actively adjust the concept of job search in the current financial crisis, to solve the problem of difficult employment of college students need to all sectors of society **** with efforts. From the point of view of the graduates themselves, need to actively change the concept of job search, make full use of the national strategic planning and various preferential policies, look more towards the central and western regions and the old industrial base in the northeast more in need of talent, to small and medium-sized cities, to small and medium-sized enterprises, and pay more attention to self-starting a business. The central and western regions provide a broad space for university graduates to show their talents. The eastern coastal region is home to more than half of the country's college graduates, and the degree of competition is already very high. The financial crisis has made the eastern coastal region the hardest hit, making it more difficult to obtain employment in the eastern region. On the contrary, the proportion of export-oriented economy in the central and western regions is lower, and the impact is relatively moderate, coupled with the fact that the number of university graduates in these two regions is smaller, the competition for employment is not as fierce as in the eastern region. In this situation, it is obviously easier to find suitable employment opportunities in the central and western regions. At present, the basic strategy of China's macro-regional economic development is to develop the western part of the country and revitalize the old industrial bases in the northeast, which will accordingly tilt the investment and policies accordingly, in this case, graduates in the western part of the country and the old industrial bases in the northeast will accordingly have more opportunities and space for development. Similarly, in small and medium-sized cities, since there are relatively fewer graduates, the competition is not as fierce as in big cities, and once there are suitable employment opportunities, it may be easier to get the space to show their talents than in big cities; moreover, the cost of living in small and medium-sized cities is relatively low, which can alleviate the pressure on the life of graduates who have just started working, and it is easier for them to work with peace of mind. Small and medium-sized enterprises are a good stage for the career development of university graduates. Small and medium-sized enterprises are the main body of employment in China, but subject to the restrictions of household registration and other factors, small and medium-sized enterprises are often unable to solve the problem of settling down and are not favored by college graduates, especially small enterprises. However, small enterprises often have flexible mechanisms, and most of them are in the growth stage, which is more likely to provide opportunities for the growth of university graduates. Fortunately, the State Council has recently launched a series of related policies, including the following: for enterprises to recruit non-local household registration of ordinary college graduates above the college level, cities around the world should abolish the restrictions on settling down. This makes the settlement problem of college graduates no longer become a barrier to their employment. This is undoubtedly a welcome relief for university graduates under the severe employment situation. Entrepreneurship to promote employment, change passive into active, this is a kind of positive thinking when college graduates face the severe employment situation. In recent years, the phenomenon of independent entrepreneurship among college students has gradually attracted people's attention. Entrepreneurship to promote employment has become a concept publicized by colleges and universities to college students who are looking for jobs. However, the process of entrepreneurship is bound to be very difficult, and college students should be fully prepared for it, and they should make all kinds of preparations. Colleges and universities and governments at all levels should provide as many favorable policies and measures as possible for college graduates to start their own businesses. As early as 2006, the Ministry of Finance and the National Development and Reform Commission stipulated that "ordinary college graduates engaged in self-employment, and the date of registration in the industrial and commercial department is within two years after their graduation, they will be exempted from the payment of administrative fees related to registration, license and management for three years from the date of their registration in the industrial and commercial department." Obviously, the policy facilitates university graduates to start their own businesses. in July 2008, the Ministry of Finance and the National Development and Reform Commission further clarified that university graduates are exempted from administrative fees within three years of starting their own businesses. In addition, the latest preferential policies for the employment of university graduates specifically support university graduates' self-employment. Specific policies include the following: university graduates who are registered as unemployed with the local public **** employment service organization for starting their own business can apply for a micro-guaranteed loan of no more than 50,000 yuan if their self-financing is insufficient. For partnerships and organized employment, the size of the loan can be appropriately expanded in accordance with the regulations. The introduction of the new policy, undoubtedly gives college graduates to start their own business with positive support. Grassroots-oriented, urban and rural employment integration. In China's vast rural grassroots, the extreme lack of college graduates, some with agricultural production and life-related professions are especially in short supply, such as agronomy, medicine, forestry and other professions. At present, China's rural grassroots are vigorously carrying out the construction of new rural areas, which requires the active participation of a large number of university graduates. Recently introduced preferential policies for the employment of university graduates have specifically mentioned that those employed at the grass-roots level in rural areas and in other social management and public **** service positions in urban communities will be given a salary or subsistence allowance, and will participate in the relevant social insurance in accordance with the regulations. In addition, for college graduates who go to the grass-roots units in rural areas below the county level in the central and western regions and arduous and remote areas for employment and fulfillment of a certain period of service, as well as for college graduates who have been conscripted to serve in the compulsory military service, the corresponding tuition fees and repayment of student loans will be implemented in accordance with the regulations. This means that there is a certain degree of protection for college graduates working at the grassroots level. At present, the Government has introduced several policies conducive to the employment of university graduates, and the subsequent question is how to implement these policies in practice. Governments at all levels should adopt various methods to actively implement the new policies, so as to facilitate the smooth realization of employment by university graduates and enable them to work and live in cities without fear, which will also help promote economic growth and expand employment. From the perspective of enterprises, after experiencing the impact of this financial crisis, they should be more aware that the competitiveness of enterprises with human capital as the core is built on product and technological innovation, and that many links such as good sales channels and logistics management require the participation of highly educated talents, instead of building their competitive advantages on low labor costs. Difficulty in employment of college students is a long-term problem As mentioned earlier, the problem of difficulty in employment of college students is of a long-term nature, which needs to be adjusted and gradually resolved over a longer period of time. The financial crisis has brought a certain degree of impact to the current employment difficulties of college graduates, making the situation of college graduates seeking employment more severe, but the financial crisis is not the root cause of the employment difficulties of college graduates. To solve the problem of difficult employment of college students need to make full use of a variety of favorable policy measures. With the concern of all walks of life for the difficulty of employment of college graduates, more and more preferential policies have been formulated and implemented (next page 15) (Previous page 7), from the central government to the local governments at all levels have formulated preferential measures with local characteristics, in the current employment situation of graduates in the current situation of the severe situation, we should fully and effectively utilize these preferential policies, so that graduates can realize the employment as soon as possible. In the current severe employment situation of college graduates, these preferential policies should be fully and effectively utilized to enable college graduates to realize employment as early as possible. For example, the Shanghai Municipality has launched a college student apprenticeship system at an early stage, whereby employers recruit college students by way of apprenticeship, and if they perform well during the apprenticeship period, they are likely to be converted into full-time employees. This measure solves the problem of transferring the roles of college graduates from the campus to the workplace, and is also very conducive to employers' better understanding of the adaptability of college graduates and improving the efficiency of human capital reserves. In addition to Shanghai, many cities have also developed a university student apprenticeship system, for example, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Wuhan, Nanjing, Dalian, Hangzhou, Ningbo and other places have also accumulated some experience in this regard. After several years of continuous exploration, the university graduate apprenticeship system is also becoming more and more perfect. Recently, Yangpu District in Shanghai launched 1,000 public ****service apprenticeship positions to college graduates at the same time, attracting a large number of college graduates in Shanghai to apply for the job. In addition to the college student apprenticeship system, there are also a lot of local characteristics to promote the employment of college graduates. In the current situation, there is an urgent need to summarize and improve the effective initiatives around the world and further promote them so that more graduates can benefit from them. From the perspective of college students themselves, they should strive to master their professional skills and make full use of various apprenticeship opportunities to increase their work experience during their school years. They should have a full understanding of the current employment situation, and be fully prepared for the various results they may encounter in their job search, especially for the gap between their majors and the needs of society. University graduates should adjust their job-seeking expectations in a timely manner, and at the same time, broaden their horizons and strive to find suitable jobs for themselves. Colleges and universities and all sectors of society should encourage graduates to start their own businesses, so that entrepreneurship can lead to employment.