How to carry out ancient architecture mapping

Both precision mapping and French mapping are good, ancient building mapping generally includes the following aspects:

1, the general plan of the building group. This is for non-monolithic buildings, i.e., such as buildings with courtyard walls, pagodas, corridors, ancient monuments, roads and other structures. The survey and mapping of the general plan should accurately show the relative positions and spacing between the individual buildings, so that the general layout and environment can be seen at a glance. In the past, we are using a small tablet to do this mapping, now we can use a more powerful mapping instrument - total station to assist in the measurement, it can be unified coordinates fixed point, and set the latitude and longitude, leveling, rangefinder functions in one, greatly compensating for the small tablet data inaccurate, inconvenient to use the Defects. Especially for large-area plan mapping, and even through its specialized software to use the measured control point data directly into the map, which will greatly improve the efficiency of surveying and mapping work.

2, the single building of the various layers of the plane. The mapping of this item is relatively easy. For most of the buildings generally only need a tape measure, steel tape measure, calipers or soft ruler can be measured on the floor plan of all single buildings. The most important thing to do when mapping the plan is to first determine the axial dimensions, after which all the control dimensions of the single building should be based on. After determining the axial dimensions, the plan is then determined in turn by determining the positions of the taimin, steps, indoor and outdoor floor coverings, mountain walls, doors and windows, etc. The plan is then determined. In addition, we should also make extensive use of laser rangefinders here, which have the advantage of accurate data, ease of use, and the ability to measure the distance to some points where a person cannot stand and go up due to conditions. This big advantage of it can play a big role in our mapping elevation and profile.

3, the front elevation, side elevation, back elevation of a single building. For French mapping, because there is no frame, can not go up to the building with a tape measure to measure the height, so this type of elevation drawings must be measured with the help of auxiliary tools. For rough measurements, we can measure the height with the help of bamboo poles and tape measures and plumb bobs. But to be used for archival records, single-story buildings, if there are available reflective points can be used to measure the height of the laser rangefinder, if there is no reflective points can be measured by the total station between the two points of the height difference is the height of the building. For some more than two layers of modern cultural relics building is mainly with the help of total station to measure its height. After measuring the height of each point, each elevation can be determined.

4, longitudinal section of a single building, cross-section. Measurement methods and the principle of mapping elevation drawings are the same. The difference is that the profile should more clearly express the structural relationship between the layers.

5, roof top, elevation view. With the floor plan is exactly the opposite.

6, sample drawings. Includes a variety of brick carvings, ridge decoration, beam arch and other parts of the large sample. Because these decorative components of the lines, patterns are very complex, and even some characters, birds, insects and fish patterns, and in accordance with the requirements of mapping is to be expressed in the large sample drawings, which is often the most time-consuming ancient architecture mapping, the most difficult. In the French mapping, the best way is to use a digital camera to take a picture of each sample of the front, side, bottom, and then measured the distance of the important control points in each sample, by comparing the digital photo drawn sample map. In the past, this work required surveyors to have a good foundation in art, otherwise it would not be possible to carry out, with great limitations. And slightly complex patterns can not use the computer to draw, so that the traditional method has been obviously not adapt to the requirements of the digital work. But now this problem began to get a good solution: the use of a series of computer-aided drafting software can be used directly to outline the outline of the digital photos of the big kind, which will greatly simplify the decorative parts of the big kind of map mapping work, and draw out the map is no longer hard lines, but lifelike. This drawing principle can also be used for archaeological excavation drawings and artifacts drawing: hand-drawn paper maps can be processed through the drawing software into a published map, and no longer need to trace the sulfate paper map.