What does the author of Material 1 think are the characteristics of the development of feudal society in China

China's feudal society was super-stable for a long time.

26. (15 marks) Read the materials and answer the following questions in the light of what you have learned

Material 1 The super-stable structure is a dynamic model of the development of Chinese feudal society. It explains the great stability of the

structure of Chinese feudal society while affirming the continuous development and change within the society, and reveals the deep inner connection between the

stagnation and cyclicity of Chinese feudal society.

--Jin Guantao and Liu Qingfeng, "Prosperity and Crisis"

Material 2 In fact, as early as the second half of the 19th century, the modernization movement in China had already moved its footsteps with difficulty. Reforms

were forced. Qing government officials in the "civil unrest" in front, but can do "Chinese Empire" sound dreams, until the foreign guns

boom from the southern coast, shocked the court chair, which resolved to "learn from the barbarians long technology to The system to control the barbarians. The first is to do arms buying

selling, then open mines, build railroads, build schools, send foreign students abroad, as well as officials to study abroad, and so on.

--"May Fourth: The Movement of Intellectual Autonomy"

Material 3 Mr. Sun Yat-sen pointed out in 1905: "In recent times, aspirants have been trying to strengthen China in comparison with Europe and the United States, and the only way to do so is to make China stronger than Europe and the United States.

Europe and the United States are strong, but their people are poor, even if our country can be comparable to Europe and the United States, we can not be immune to the second revolution ...... to see its harm in the future

emergence, it is possible to raise the political revolution, social revolution to do their work in a single battle". 1920, Mr. Sun Yat-sen, at the opening ceremony of the Dexter Middle School

At the opening ceremony of Dexin High School in 1920, Dr. Sun Yat-sen said, "I hope that all students will learn from Mr. Dexin's courage and determination to pursue their studies, and practice the concepts of freedom, democracy, and equalization of wealth

in order to transform the society of the future and to complete the solemn and brilliant Republic of China."

(1) What is the author's characterization of the development of feudal society in China in Material 1? Analyze the

reasons for this characteristic in the light of what you have learned. (4 marks)

(2) According to Material 2 and the knowledge gained, analyze the characteristics of China's reforms in the second half of the 19th century? (3 marks)

(3) According to Material 3 and what he has learned, what social phenomena inside and outside China did Dr. Sun Yat-sen put forward when he advocated that the revolution should be "accomplished in one go"? What specific ideas did he put forward in the practice of democratic revolution? What was the greatest contribution of the revolution led by Sun Yat-sen to the modernization of China? (8 marks)

Answer:

26. (15 marks)

(1) The super-stable and long-term continuation of feudal society in China. (1 points) Reasons: the strengthening of authoritarian rule; the persistence of a large number of small peasant economy

long-term; the influence of the traditional culture of old-fashioned, conservative ideas; relatively closed natural environment. (3 marks for any 3 points)

(2) The reforms were forced; presided over by the landlord class; and learning was restricted to Western technology. (3 marks)

(3) Abroad: Europe and the United States capitalist countries were severely polarized between rich and poor, and social contradictions were acute. Domestic: annexation of land by landlords,

peasants lived in poverty. (4 marks) Specific ideas: equalization of land rights, moderation of capital. (2 marks) Contribution: overthrowing the feudal imperial system and founding the Republic of China (ROC). (2 points)