Talk about the differences between Chinese and western food cultures.

There are many nationalities in the world, and different nationalities have formed different countries. A country has a long and short history, a large and small territory, a strong and weak strength, a large and small population, and differences in ethnic composition, religious beliefs, political nature and economic structure. This unique feature often forms the nature of a nation or country, thus forming different food cultures. Westerners emphasize science and nutrition in diet, so the whole cooking process is carried out in strict accordance with scientific norms.

Dietary characteristics

1. The food classics of the system mainly include

Cooking technology, cooking culture and art, cooking science and synthesis.

2. Unique dietetic science

Ecological concept of harmony between man and nature, reasonable and balanced nutrition concept and excellent food concept.

3. The ups and downs of diet history

Italian food is the originator of western culture, French food is the king of western culture, and American food is the upstart of western culture.

4. Exquisite cooking skills

We strive for perfection in production and attach importance to the cooperation between food and word of mouth, food and beauty, and food and beauty.

5. Various diets

Famous dishes include Italian food, French food, American food, German food, russian cuisine and so on. Famous drinks include wine, coffee and black tea.

6. Colorful eating habits

The daily diet customs are mainly meat, supplemented by vegetarian food.

Festive eating customs, strong religious color, in memory of God, mainly play.

Living habits and customs, taking religion as a gift, wishing health and happiness.

Social customs and habits, advocating "ladies first" and respecting women.

dining etiquette

In Europe, everything related to eating is highly valued, because it provides two most appreciated aesthetic enjoyment-food and conversation. In addition to the exquisite taste, the collocation of wine and dishes, elegant dining etiquette, adjusting and relaxing mentality, enjoying this environment and food, and using tableware and wine utensils correctly are all prerequisites for entering food.

It should be noted that when you go to a restaurant in the west, you usually have to make an appointment in advance. Pay special attention to make it clear when making an appointment. First of all, you should indicate the number of people and the time. Secondly, you should indicate whether you want a smoking seat or a seat with a good view. If it is a birthday or other special day, you can tell the purpose and budget of the banquet. It is basic courtesy to arrive at the scheduled time. In case of emergency, inform in advance to cancel the positioning and apologize. No matter how expensive casual clothes are, you can't go to a high-end western restaurant for dinner at will. It is common sense for Europeans and Americans to dress appropriately. When going to a high-end western restaurant, men should dress neatly; Ladies should wear evening dresses or suits and shoes with heels. Ladies should put on more makeup, because the light in the restaurant is dim. If formal attire is specified, the man must wear a tie. When entering the restaurant, men should open the door first, and ladies should enter and walk in front. When sitting down and ordering wine, ladies should be invited to taste and decide.

Western diet culture

Generally, the business hours of western restaurants are 165438+ 0: 30 noon to afternoon and after 6: 30 pm. If the guests arrive early, they can have a drink in the bar before entering the main restaurant. Sit tight, so you don't have to order in a hurry. If you have any questions, you can ask the waiter directly. They are usually happy to answer any questions you ask. If they are not clear, they will ask the restaurant manager or chef; It is impolite to eat too early. Arrive at the western restaurant at noon 1 1 or at 5: 30 pm, eat in a hurry and leave. Talk about business at the dinner table, dress casually, eat the main course too slowly and affect the next course, or just order appetizers without ordering the main course and dessert.

Although the appetizer of high-end western food is small, it is exquisite and worth tasting slowly. After dinner, you can choose dessert or cheese, coffee, tea, etc. Different countries have different tipping habits, but you must praise and express your gratitude.

To a great extent, eating western food means eating emotional appeal: marble fireplace, glittering crystal lamp, silver candlestick, colorful wine and people's elegant and charming manners, which is a touching oil painting in itself. In order to master your manners more skillfully when you taste western food for the first time, it is worthwhile to spend some time familiarizing yourself with these dining etiquette.

When sitting, keep your body straight, don't put your elbows on the table, don't tilt your feet, and keep a certain distance from the table to facilitate the use of tableware. Don't fiddle with the tableware on the dining table. Fold the napkin in half and gently put it on your knee. When eating with a knife and fork, take the knife and fork from the outside to the inside, the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right hand; When you cut something, you hold the fork in your left hand and the food in your right hand, and then cut it into small pieces with a knife, and then send it to your mouth with a fork. When using a knife, the blade should not be outward. When you put down your knife and fork at dinner, you should

Western Tableware (1 piece)

Arrange them in a figure of eight and put them on the edge of the plate. The blade is pointed at yourself, indicating that you will continue to eat. After eating each dish, put the knife and fork together on the plate. If you are talking, you can hold the knife and fork. When you don't use a knife, you can also hold a fork in your right hand, but if you need to make gestures, you should put down your knife and fork, never wave it in the air with your hands, never wipe your mouth with a napkin in one hand, and never hold a glass with a fork in the other. Remember, never put one end of the knife and fork on the plate and the other end on the table.

Don't eat too much food at a time, don't talk when chewing, and don't talk to people actively. Westerners generally don't talk too much when eating.

distinctive national feature

France

France was a country gradually established on the ruins after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. Before that, it was a province of ancient Rome called Waigaol. At that time, some famous chefs from Athens and Rome came here and laid the foundation of French cuisine. In the16th century, the methods popular in Italy during the European Renaissance, such as stewed beef with a core, fried steak and various sauces, spread to France, enriching French cuisine. Because the French kings of past dynasties advocated food, famous French chefs came forth in large numbers at that time, which laid an important position of French cuisine in western food. However, French cuisine tends to be conservative and develops slowly.

France (10)

Italy

Italy is located in the Apennine Peninsula in southern Europe. Its superior geographical conditions make Italy's fertilization and food processing industries very developed. It is famous for noodles, cheese and salami.

In the late 2nd century BC, the dining room of the Roman court had formed a huge team with fine division of labor. The identity of a chef is the same as that of a noble minister, and the cooking methods are becoming more and more perfect, and dozens of cooking methods have been invented. Today, Italian food still enjoys a high reputation in the world.

Italian food culture (12)

Britain, England

British agriculture is developed, and food is mainly imported every year. British people don't respect food as the French do, so English food is relatively simple, and British people often laugh at their poor cooking. However, the breakfast of English food is very rich and popular in western countries. Besides, British people like to drink tea. They are used to drinking tea around 3 pm, usually a cup of black tea or coffee with a snack. If a friend is sad, giving him a cup of good tea is the best comfort.

British food culture (9 sheets)

United States of America

Because there are many British immigrants in the United States, American cuisine is basically developed on the basis of British cuisine. In addition, due to the short history, less traditional and conservative thinking and unconventional living habits of the United States, the rich local agricultural and pastoral products of Americans, together with the living habits of other European immigrants and local Indians, have formed a unique American food culture. "

Zjahggs(3 sheets)

Russia

Russian cuisine is greatly influenced by French cuisine. Some characteristics of dishes in Austria, Hungary and other countries, combined with their own eating habits, have gradually formed unique Russian cuisine.

Germany

Germany is a country gradually established by Germanic tribes after the demise of the Western Roman Empire. Divided in the Middle Ages, it was not truly unified until 1870. In life, Germans love sports, so they eat a lot. They keep the meat left by the Germans. German cuisine is famous for its richness, affordability and simplicity. Germans also pay great attention to dining etiquette when eating.

German food culture (12 sheets)

3 cultural differences editor

Comparison between China and the West

Compared with China's "taste" diet, the West holds a rational diet concept. No matter the color, fragrance, taste, shape and nutrition of food, how many calories, vitamins, protein and so on should be taken in a day. Even if it tastes the same, you must eat it-it is nutritious. This concept of diet is compatible with the whole western philosophy system. Metaphysics is the main feature of western philosophy. The research object of western philosophy is the cause of things, and the cause of things is often metaphysical. The two are interrelated and form metaphysical philosophy. This philosophy has brought vitality to western culture and made it develop by leaps and bounds in natural science, psychology and methodology. But in other aspects, this philosophical proposition has great obstacles, such as food culture. At the banquet, you can pay attention to the collocation of tableware, materials, services and raw materials in shape and color. But no matter how luxurious and high-end, from L.A. to new york, steak has only one flavor, and there is no art at all. As a dish, chicken is chicken and steak is steak. Even if there is a match, it is done in the disk. A plate of "French lamb chops" with mashed potatoes, leaning against the lamb chops, and boiled green beans and some tomatoes on the other side. The colors are in sharp contrast, but the raw materials are irrelevant, the taste is harmonious, each has its own flavor and is simple and clear.

Western diet culture

Although food and wine are very important at western-style banquets, they are actually used as foil. The core of the banquet is friendship, which is realized by talking to the guests next door. If the sociality of banquets is compared to dancing, it can be said that Chinese banquets are like group dances, while western banquets are like ballroom dancing for men and women. It can be seen that the purpose of friendship between Chinese banquet and western banquet is obvious, but Chinese banquet is more about the friendship of the whole banquet, while western banquet is more about the friendship between neighboring guests. The more obvious difference from China's diet is the buffet which is popular in the west. This method is: all the food is displayed one by one, and everyone needs what they want, so they can move freely without being fixed in their seats. This way facilitates the emotional communication between individuals, and there is no need to put everything on the desktop. It also shows that westerners respect individuality and self.

Therefore, in general, Chinese food pays more attention to the "penetration" between foods, that is, the collocation and symmetry of tastes; Comparatively speaking, western food pays more attention to the "integrity" of food, that is, to ensure the collocation and symmetry of nutrition.

Cooking method

In China, cooking is an art, which attracts people in China who take food as their greatest pleasure, and has a strong interest, even some banter. For China, cooking is as important as music, dance, poetry and painting. There are too many cooking methods in China: sliding, stewing, roasting, boiling, steaming, frying, crisp, stewing, roasting, stewing, frying, casserole, drawing and so on, and the dishes are even more dazzling. The change of Chinese food technology is more complicated. Many dishes are time-consuming and have too many decorations. Many of them are inedible, which not only wastes raw materials, but also may not be effective. There is a saying in China Kitchen: "A chef's craft is divided into three parts and the materials are divided into seven parts", which emphasizes the importance of the chef's personal choice of raw materials and the use of different grades, that is, the standard of raw materials plays a decisive role in the cooking.

Westerners emphasize science and nutrition in diet, and the whole process of cooking is carried out in strict accordance with scientific norms. When cooking is standardized, the work of chefs becomes extremely monotonous mechanical work. Furthermore, the purpose of westerners' eating is to absorb nutrition. As long as the nutrition is up to standard, everything else can be tolerated. Therefore, it is definitely meaningless for a chef to repeat mechanical work every day with an extremely tolerant attitude towards diners. Western cooking methods are not as complicated and changeable as those in China. Western food is three-dimensional and edible, and most of the food put on the plate can be eaten. Ornaments are the side dishes of the main course. The raw materials of western food are mostly fresh, pollution-free, natural and natural in operation technology, so as to give full play to its original flavor. Don't use too much dry goods. Milk is an indispensable raw material in western food. Suppliers further standardize raw materials according to their characteristics, and chefs no longer judge and decide which raw materials to use simply based on their own experience.

dining etiquette

The way of eating, that is, how to eat, is obviously different between China and the West. In China, whether it's a family dinner or a formal banquet, people will sit around for dinner and enjoy a seat. People toast each other and exhort each other to show the virtues of mutual respect and friendship and the atmosphere of harmony and reunion. Especially in various festivals, it is also a diet for advice. This way of eating is an important tradition of China's food culture. In the process of eating, China people don't need others to distribute food in advance, but take what they need. The amount of food eaten by diners or the proportion of food eaten by each person to the total food is uncertain. Westerners are used to eating separately, and there is a special person to distribute food first, which is a ration for one person. At western banquets, although people sit together, their food is served separately. You don't have to have a fixed seat, you can walk around freely, which can not only fully satisfy your personal preferences for food, but also facilitate social interaction and emotional and information exchange between individuals, and you don't have to put all activities on the table. This way of eating fully reflects Westerners' respect for human nature and self, and emphasizes individual independence.

Tableware selection

The difference between Chinese and western food culture is also reflected in dining utensils. The tableware in China is mainly chopsticks, supplemented by spoons, and there are cups, plates, bowls and saucers of various shapes. China pays attention to the coordination of the shape, size and color of tableware and dishes, and pays attention to "beauty". Delicate food should be matched with exquisite utensils, and attention should be paid to harmony. Dishes and utensils should be harmonious in color decoration, form and space. To regard diet as an artistic activity, we should not only have a good meal, but also get a beautiful artistic enjoyment from it. Westerners use metal knives and forks and all kinds of cups, plates, cups and saucers. However, western food doesn't emphasize the artistic beauty of dish loading and dish dividing like China people, and the types of tableware and the shapes of dishes are monotonous. In short, Westerners pay attention to the content of food, while China people emphasize the form of dishes and the feelings gained from them. With the improvement of the quality of life, the tableware in China is emerging with a new look of "specialization, diversification and combination", which adds new ideas and interests to daily family dining. The west has also begun to pay attention to the design of tableware, and various styles of tableware have appeared on the market. These tableware usually have colors and patterns, and appear in various styles, which are decorative and interesting. They are sold as gifts.

tea

There are obvious differences between Chinese and western food cultures, each with its own strong points. With the acceleration of economic globalization and information exchange, Chinese and western food cultures will merge in collision and complement each other in integration. Chinese food began to pay attention to food nutrition, health and scientific cooking; Western food has also begun to develop into the realm of color, fragrance, taste, meaning and shape of Chinese food. Chinese and western catering cultures will develop together in communication, and people will enjoy more delicious, faster and more nutritious food. For example, drinking tea in England is very different from drinking tea in China. People in China like to drink green tea and pay attention to tea tasting. China people like to drink green tea, while British people like to drink black tea. It is said that green tea is not easy to preserve.