What's the difference between Buddhism in Thailand and Myanmar?

Buddhism spread from the south to the throne. Mainly distributed in Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar, Indonesia and parts of central and southern Vietnam. According to relevant historical records, Buddhism was popular in Southeast Asia around the Gregorian calendar era. "Taiping Yulan" quoted Wan Zhen from "Records of Foreign Bodies in Zhou Nan" as saying: "Linyang is in the West Seven Trunks of Funan, with a flat and abundant land. There are more than 100,000 people, men and women who are benevolent and worship Buddha. " There is also a description in Fu Nan that "Fu Nan Guo works as a Buddha", which Zhu Xi quoted in Shui Jing Zhu. Funan is an ancient name of Cambodia. From the 2nd century to the 6th century, Buddhism flourished in Southeast Asia. Brahmanism, which was introduced earlier than Buddhism, has been replaced by Buddhism after experiencing the stage of coexistence and integration with Buddhist figures, but its influence on Buddhism still exists. Temple buildings such as Borobudur, Angkor Wat Temple, Pagoda Temple of Bogan Dynasty, Buddha statues and Buddhist ceremonies all have a certain Brahmanism color. After the tenth century, the Buddhism of Seating was respected and advocated by feudal lords in most countries, and it strengthened its ties with Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) and sent monks to study abroad. According to the phonetic order of Pali, he created his own national characters to write the transliteration of Pali Sanzang classics, and established the system of Mahaniyah and Damoyot monks. Buddhism is regarded as the state religion and has a far-reaching influence on the public. From18th century to modern times, the transliteration of barris Sanzang in Thai, Burmese, Khmer and Lao was gradually completed, and some scriptures were further translated into local languages, which enabled the Buddhism in Upper Thailand to spread more widely.

Laos

/kloc-at the beginning of the 0 th century, Mahayana Buddhism and Brahmanism were once popular in southern China. /kloc-In the middle of the 0/4th century, Buddhism was handed down from Cambodia and was honored as the state religion, and the monk king system of Damoyot and Mahanye was established. From 16 to 17 century, it once became the Buddhist center of Southeast Asia, built many pagodas, carved Buddha statues, founded Bali Buddhist College, and implemented the monk examination system. /kloc-at the end of 0/9, after becoming a French colony, Buddhism was severely hit, the temple tower was destroyed and the robbed monks were killed. With the upsurge of the national liberation movement in the 20th century, Buddhism was revived. Buddhist organizations were established in the national unification, three Tibetan classics in Lao and Pali were compiled and published, and the educational center system of Pali language teaching with monasteries as the main body was restored.

Cambodia

Early religious beliefs, in addition to primitive fetishism and elf worship, were also deeply influenced by Brahmanism and Buddhism around the Gregorian calendar. In the 5th and 6th centuries, Mahayana Buddhism began to spread. Due to the frequent trade with China and India, Mahayana Buddhism has been greatly developed. Meanwhile, monks appeared one after another. There are many people in China who learn from shamans to preach and translate scriptures. For example, in the first half of the 6th century, there were Sinhala and Datura languages. After the 9th century, it has become the center of Buddhism in Southeast Asia, but Hinduism has also flourished in parallel, including Angkor Wat, which was founded at the end of the 9th century and completed in12nd century, and Angkor Wat in Galand, which was later established. That is, the reflection of the mixture of two religions in temple architecture. Since then, Mahayana Buddhism and Hinduism have tended to decline due to the influence of foreigners. /kloc-After the middle of the 0/4th century, Thai Buddhism, which was the most popular Buddhism, spread to Cambodia, and gradually implemented the system of two factions of monks and kings, and made it the state religion. The king is the natural guardian of Buddhism. At the beginning of the 20th century, in the national liberation struggle against French colonialism, although many Buddhist temples were destroyed, Buddhism still developed to a certain extent. Many monks took part in the struggle against colonialism, founded Pali School, Sihanoukville University and Buddhist College, and published some Pali Sanzang classics in Khmer and some Buddhist scriptures translated in Khmer.

Thailand

It was called Siam in ancient times. Judging from the Buddhist cultural relics and the ruins of the pagoda excavated in Nakong Batong Temple, as early as BC, there were descendants of Hinayana Buddhism. Later, Brahmanism and Mahayana Buddhism spread from India to South Siam and its coastal neighbors. 1 1 century, the Anurotuo dynasty in Myanmar rose, and its influence extended to many areas in northern and central Siam. King Anurotuo believed in Hinayana Buddhism and strongly supported its development and spread. Therefore, Hinayana Buddhism was once popular in Siam, especially in the northern region. /kloc-In the middle of the third century, the Thais established an independent tribal country in Sukhothai, and their power gradually expanded to the south, bringing South Siam under their rule and accepting the Mahayana Buddhism popular in this area. At the same time, the religious ceremony of Mahayana Buddhism with the color of Brahmanism is gradually accepted by the followers of Mahayana Buddhism in Thailand. Previously, Ceylon held the seventh gathering of Buddhism in the12nd century, reorganized the organization of monks, strictly observed the precepts, and made Ceylon's Buddhism flourish. At that time, some tribal countries in northern Siam sent monks to study and inherit the ceremony of wearing anklets. In the early days of Sukhothai dynasty, the influence of Ceylon Sect had spread to South Siam, and the Ceylon missionary center was established in Litamaroto. Rama Kangheng, the third monarch of Sukhothai Dynasty, once welcomed the Ceylon monks to the capital to carry forward their teachings, which made the Ceylon Sect popular, but Mahayana Buddhism took a back seat. Since then, under the protection of feudal monarchs, Buddhism has gradually formed a monk-king system, and almost all people believe in Buddhism, which has penetrated into daily life customs. King Lee Tae, the fourth monarch of Sukhothai Dynasty, was a devout Buddhist and once became a monk, which set a precedent for King Thai to become a monk in a certain period. 136 1 welcomed the eminent monks in Ceylon, and unified the religion and Buddhism in the country.

1767, when Ayutthaya of Dacheng Dynasty captured Myanmar, all the ancient books and cultural relics in palaces and temples were destroyed by fire. After the establishment of the Wu Dynasty, King Zheng Zhaoguo ordered the collection of Buddhist documents and collected, sorted out and preserved them, but soon Zheng Zhao was killed and his work came to a standstill. After the establishment of the Bangkok Dynasty, Rama I inherited Zheng Zhao's unfinished business, and in 1788, 230 Buddhist monks and 30 royal scholars were gathered to sort out and compile the Three Tibetan Classics, which is the ninth collection in the history of Buddhism in Thailand. The compiled Sanzang is named "Assembled Sanzang" or "Royal Sanzang", with a total of 288 pieces. During the reign of Rama IV (185 1 ~ 1868), Buddhism was reformed, and a Sect called "Orthodox Sect" appeared in Upaya, and traditional Buddhism was called "Dazhong Sect". There is no significant difference between the two schools in teaching, but they are lenient and strict in observing precepts. At present, Buddhism in Thailand mainly belongs to these two schools. During the reign of King Rama V Chulalongkorn (1868- 19 10), he put forward the plan of printing all the Sanzang. Before going to press, the Thai version was not only revised in detail, but also compared with Khmer, Sinhala, Tam and Bengali. Published in 1893, 39 volumes, 1000 volumes. This time, there are still 8 Tibetan scriptures in Thai that have not been compiled. 1925, Rama VII succeeded to the throne. According to his brother Rama VI's will, three Tibetan scriptures, including the missing sutras, were compiled into 45 volumes, all of which were published in 1928. At present, 90% people in Thailand are Buddhist believers.

Myanmar (Southeast Asian countries)

Buddhism spread earlier. According to the island history, in the 3rd century BC, Indian Ashoka sent two elders, Xu Na and Yudoro, to preach in Jindi. Some people think that Di Chin is the Datong area in Myanmar today, but this statement cannot be regarded as a conclusive historical fact. Around the Gregorian calendar, there was an air route from southeast India to Myanmar, and the traffic between Ceylon and Myanmar developed around southeast India, so Buddhism in Ceylon was probably spread by sea. According to the inscriptions found in the ancient capital of Yi nationality (a branch of Myanmar nationality), Buddhism in Ceylon was very popular in the 5th century. In the late 6th century, Amitabha, a tantric Buddha, spread to Bagan, Myanmar. 1 1 In the middle of the century, King Anatola of Bagan dynasty unified the whole territory of Myanmar. He rejected Aryan religion, established Buddhism as the state religion, and respected elder Arhat as the national teacher. 1058 founded the Burmese alphabet, transliterated three Tibetan scriptures of upper-left Buddhism, and laid the foundation for upper-left Buddhism in Myanmar. 4 tear? Bitch? Hey? How can you kill an otter? At the end of the 3rd century, the Bagan Dynasty collapsed, and there was a split between North and South in Myanmar. But both the Northern and Southern Dynasties believed in Buddhism, and Buddhist temples and pagodas were built in Awa in the north, and the Shwedagon Pagoda was also built in the south. Since then, kings of all dynasties have raised the Shwedagon Pagoda, covered it with gold foil, and traced it back, forming a modern form. /kloc-In the mid-8th century, the northern and southern dynasties of Myanmar were unified by the Yongji Dynasty, and Buddhism flourished. Meng of this dynasty built the world's largest brick tower and a big clock in 1 1. 12 ~ 19 At the end of the year, the Sinhalese Sect and the Mormon Sangha Sect gradually split, forming the Sanfa Sect, the Qin Rui Sect, and the Benpai Sect. 187 1 year, the king of the kingdom of minton called 2400 elders to hold the fifth gathering in Mahdri, and re-edited the Balinese Sanzang in Myanmar. Later, all the classics were engraved on 729 marble tablets and preserved forever. With the development of the national liberation movement in the 20th century, Burmese monks established Buddhist organizations to participate in the struggle against British colonialism. After Myanmar's independence, on the occasion of the 2,500th anniversary of 1956 Sakyamuni's nirvana, representatives of Buddhist circles from all over the world were invited to hold the sixth collection, with 2,500 participants, to sort out the eight-mile Sanzang in Burmese and publish the version 5 1 volume. 196 1 declared Buddhism as the state religion, and then abolished the status of the state religion and implemented the policy of freedom of religious belief. At present, Buddhists in Myanmar account for more than 80% of the total population.

Indonesia

Before and after the Gregorian calendar, Indonesia was the hub of maritime transportation, and its residents were all Indians, mainly believing in Brahmanism. At the beginning of the 5th century, when Fa Xian visited Yepoti (now Sumatra and Java), according to his Buddhist Records, Brahmanism prevailed there, but there was also a small amount of Buddhism. Later, when an Indian monk asked Bona Mo to go to China, he saw that Buddhism was very popular. According to China's historical records Song Shu, Heather and Liang Shu, from the middle of the 5th century to the first half of the 6th century, Sumatra, Java, Bali and other places widely believed in Buddhism and praised the Three Treasures. At the end of the 7th century, the Kingdom of Sri Lanka was established in Sumatra. I Ching, a monk from China, stayed here when he traveled to and from India. According to him, both land and Hinayana were used. However, from the unearthed cultural relics, the belief in Guanyin Bodhisattva and Doro Bodhisattva in Tantric Buddhism is also very common. In the early 8th century, an Indian monk, King Kong Zhi, who went to China, died and stayed in Sri Lanka. He is not empty, but worships King Kong as his teacher in Gaopo. It can be seen that Mahayana Buddhism, especially tantric Buddhism, was very popular in Sri Lanka around the 8th century. After the 8th century, Buddhism developed from Sri Lanka to the Malay Peninsula. The local royal family believes in esoteric Buddhism, and a large number of esoteric temples have been established in Malay Peninsula, with a large number of folk believers.

After the 5th century, Buddhism spread widely in Java. In the 8th and 9th centuries, the kings of Xia Lian Terra Dynasty established in Central Java believed in Mahayana Buddhism and Tantric Hinduism, and established many monasteries, such as the world-famous Borobudur Temple, which was as high as 10 floor, representing the top ten dharma circles. Stone cloisters are all carved with exquisite reliefs, which are magnificent and a miracle in the history of world art.

/kloc-At the beginning of the 0 th century, this monk who died in Sri Lanka compiled the famous Buddhist work Mahayana. The New Dashali Dynasty established by Geng Anlu in East Java in the13rd century and the Manchu Dynasty in White established by Wei in the14th century all believed in Buddhism. Javanese Buddhism is a mixture of Mahayana tantra and Hindu Shiva. They regard Buddha and Shiva as a whole, and there are many Hindu gods among the objects of worship. /kloc-After Islam spread to Java in the 5th century, the beliefs of Buddhism and Shiva gradually declined and disappeared.