Longshan culture is in Longshan

Longshan culture. The discovery of Chengziya site in China and the establishment of Longshan culture are milestones in the archaeological history of China. Archaeologists call this period of 4800-4000 years ago the Longshan period, which is a Neolithic culture characterized by black pottery, also known as "black pottery culture".

1928, archaeologists first discovered Longshan black pottery in Chengziya, Zhangqiu Longshan Sub-district Office, which was called "the treasure of primitive culture" in history. Among them, the eggshell Tao Wei is a masterpiece, "black as paint, bright as a mirror, hard as porcelain, loud as a chime and thin as paper", which is a treasure of oriental art and a must in the world ceramics. Among the pottery in the world, only the pottery fired here has luster and is pure black.

Longshan culture pottery is exquisite in shape, diverse in form and magnificent in momentum, with a height of more than 50 cm, which is the highest of its kind. The main shapes are bowls, pots, basins, cups, pots and cans. In particular, the world-famous thin-walled pottery high-handle cup is as thin as an eggshell, muddy black, smooth and delicate. The thinnest part of the dish mouth is only 0.3 ~ 0.5 mm, and the thickness can reach 0.2 mm in some cases. Even in the thick handle and base, the thickness will not exceed 1 ~ 2mm, and the overall weight is only about 50 ~ 70 g. "If it floats, it will knock."

The superb pottery art of Longshan culture is a precious historical heritage of China traditional culture, and it is an important basis for studying the natural and social characteristics, productivity development level and primitive art of Longshan culture. Many modern designers also draw nutrition from it and serve today's society.

The old town of Dongping Mausoleum is located about two kilometers northeast of Chengziya site. It began in the Spring and Autumn Period and flourished in the Han Dynasty. It is the seat of Han and Jinan counties. After 1500 years of vicissitudes, the four walls are faintly visible. Dongping Mausoleum, formerly known as Ping Ling, belonged to Tan State in the Spring and Autumn Period. In the second year (684 BC), Tan Wei was destroyed by Qi, and Ping Ling was returned to Qi. The word Ping Ling was first seen in Liu Xiang's "Talking about the Garden and Returning to Virtue" in the Western Han Dynasty: "Duke Huan of Ping Ling supported himself when he saw his old family". Affected by river migration, Dongping Mausoleum had three wastes from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Tang Dynasty. After the county was ruled, it moved westward to Licheng.

The former site of Ping Ling City is square with a side length of1900m and a total area of more than 3.6 million square meters. Remaining rammed earth walls can be seen around the city site, with a width of 10 ~ 30m and a height of 1 ~ 4m. The top of the wall is 2 ~ 7m wide, and the foundation of the underground wall is 40m wide, leaving four city gate remains. The topography of this city is high in the south and low in the north. There are two ancient rivers flowing from the west wall to the northeast along the south-central part and to the north along the west wall. Bricks and pottery pieces can be seen everywhere in the site, and a large amount of iron slag, ore, charcoal, refractory materials and burning soil remain within 300 ~ 400 meters west of the city center. It is an iron smelting site. To the south is the pottery kiln group, which is a handicraft area. There is a large area of rammed earth foundation site and masonry pavement in the east and north, which is the palace area and the rest is the residential area. 1928 In the spring, Mr. Wu Jinding from the Institute of History and Linguistics of Academia Sinica conducted an investigation for the first time. 1975 or so, Shandong Provincial Museum and other units carried out detailed investigation and key drilling on the city site. 1978 has been designated as a key cultural relic protection unit in Shandong province.