What are the four stages of train development: steam and internal combustion?

Steam locomotive is a kind of train locomotive. Its advantages are simple structure and low cost, but its disadvantages are too low thermal efficiency and large volume. The first steam locomotive was invented by an Englishman, george stephenson. 18 14, his first steam locomotive "pioneer" was successfully put into trial operation.

1On September 27th, 825, Stephenson personally drove the Voyager steam locomotive designed and manufactured by him in cooperation with others on the newly laid railway, and achieved success. The application of steam engine in transportation has brought mankind into the train age.

China Rocket, the first simple steam locomotive made in China, was trial-produced by China workers of the Engineering Department of Tangshan Kaiping Mining Bureau when the Tang Xu Railway was opened to traffic in188/,using several design drawings of Englishman Jinda, who was still an engineer at that time, and using old materials such as mine lifting boiler and axle frame channel steel.

Second, the internal combustion period:

Diesel locomotive is a locomotive powered by internal combustion engine and driven by transmission device. Most of the internal combustion engines used in China Railway are diesel engines. The advantages of diesel locomotive are fast starting, high horsepower and high thermal efficiency, but the disadvantages are complex structure, high manufacturing and maintenance costs and great pollution. At the beginning of the 20th century, foreign countries began to explore the trial production of diesel locomotives.

1924, the Soviet Union manufactured electric diesel locomotives and delivered them to the railway. In the same year, Germany used a diesel engine to connect the air compressor, and used the residual heat of the diesel engine to heat compressed air instead of steam, thus transforming the steam locomotive into an air-driven diesel locomotive. 1925, the United States put 220 kW electric diesel locomotive into operation and engaged in shunting operation.

1September 9, 958, Julong, the first diesel locomotive in China, was successfully developed in Beijing Changxindian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory, with a dead weight of 60 tons, a locomotive traction of 600 horsepower and a top speed of 85 kilometers per hour. More than 30,000 accessories for locomotives are all made in China.

Third, the power period:

Electric locomotive is a kind of locomotive without its own energy. The advantages of electric locomotive are that the thermal efficiency is twice as high as that of steam locomotive, the power is high, the overload capacity is strong, the traction is large, the speed is fast, the overhaul time is short, the maintenance amount is small, the operating cost is low, it is convenient to realize multi-machine traction, regenerative braking can be adopted, energy is saved, air pollution will not be caused, and the noise is low.

1890, in London, England, electric locomotives were first used to tow vehicles on a 5.6-kilometer subway, which was the first electric locomotive in the world. As the main place of the first industrial revolution, Britain played a vital role in the research and development of steam locomotives and electric locomotives.

Fourth, the high-speed period:

High-speed train, also known as high-speed train, refers to a train that can run continuously at high speed. The advantages of high-speed trains are fast, comfortable, stable and safe, energy saving and environmental protection. The most advanced high-speed train technology in the world is in Japan, Germany and France. In the early 1950s, Japan first put forward the idea of high-speed railway, and started the test work at the earliest.

1 964 65438+1October1,On the eve of the Tokyo Olympic Games, the Tokaido Shinkansen connecting Tokyo and New Osaka was officially put into operation, with a maximum speed of 2 10km/h, which ushered in the era of high-speed railways. The research on high-speed trains in China began in the 1990s, with foreign introduction as the main factor and independent research and development as the supplement.

China first introduced high-speed trains from Japan and Germany, with the concept of absorption, digestion and reproduction, and through the technical support of Japan and Germany, it learned and re-created. From the appearance of high-speed trains, it can be seen that the original Harmony in China is similar to Japanese and German high-speed trains, especially CRH3, which has many characteristics of German high-speed trains.

The history of trains:

The most important machine in human history, called steam locomotive in the early days, has an independent track. Railway trains can be divided into freight cars and passenger cars according to their load, and there are also mixed passenger and freight cars, but they will produce a lot of carbon dioxide and pollute the environment.

Trains are a typical example of human transportation using fossil energy. 1804, the world's first steam locomotive was built by British mining technician Dre Visk using Watt's steam engine, with a speed of 5 to 6 kilometers per hour.

Because coal or firewood was used as fuel at that time, people called it a train, so it has been used ever since. 1840 On February 22nd, the world's first real train running on the track was designed by Kangwa engineer Charlie Levisik.

1879, Siemens electric company of Germany developed the first electric locomotive. With the popularity of trains, people's way of riding has changed. The early train carriages in China were green, so they were called green leather trains.