What is the Soviet Union's Three-husband Reform? How was the process? Can the Soviet Union avoid disintegration?

The reform of the Soviet Union is an old topic. The reform of Sanfu, that is, the famous reforms of Khrushchev, Brezhnev and Gorbachev, said that the similarity of Russian names was somewhat high, so of course we know that all three reforms failed in the end, and each generation was worse than the next. So what is their process? Can the Soviet Union avoid disintegration?

Part of the reason for Soviet reform comes from Russia's own tradition. Peter the Great's reform is very famous, which successfully made Russia a European power. After that, the czars were also constantly carrying out reforms, because Russia itself was anxious about its backwardness, fearing that once it stopped reforming, it would be left behind by the West and possibly surpassed by Asian powers.

Peter the Great's reform was very successful. Although it didn't let Russia join the West, it made Russia a powerful country. Alexander II's reform was not very successful. Russia was defeated in the Crimean War before, and the new czar Alexander II with a strong sense of crisis promoted the reform of serfdom, but tinkering only delayed the collapse of Russia. From the Russo-Japanese War, World War I to the Soviet-Russian Civil War, Stalin inherited a lot of years of wars and people's livelihood, and was about to accept the years of World War II, so Stalin also began reforms, similar to Peter the Great, which made Russia more powerful while being farther away from the West, defeated the Nazi clique and made extremely important contributions to the progress of human civilization.

However, after the war, planes, tanks and artillery could not be eaten as food after all, and did not produce economic benefits. The war has been won, but no one can bear to fight every day, and they still have to invest in construction. The disadvantages of Stalin's system are gradually exposed.

Later generations always accuse Stalin of rigid system, abnormal industrial capacity and unreasonable distribution. However, the background at that time was that heavy industry must be developed at all costs, otherwise the Nazis would destroy the whole family with fascism, and then there would be nothing. Coupled with Russia's own harsh natural conditions and the western blockade, the situation at that time could only be like this.

But later, the international environment of the post-war Soviet Union did not say how favorable it was, and the most critical moment was finally eliminated. Stalin's successor thought it could be changed eventually.

After Khrushchev came to power, he first carried out a series of liquidation on Stalin. Stalin was almost overthrown in the first few years. Later, although he recognized Stalin's contribution, he still complained about it.

The result of killing with such a stick is the chaos of the Soviet ideological circle. Only by denying the predecessor can we realize that the phenomenon of schizophrenia is conceivable now. Moreover, Khrushchev overthrew Stalin's personality cult, but established his own personality cult. His internal and foreign affairs are disorganized. Most famously, after a "kitchen debate" with the President of the United States, in order to realize what he called "let everyone in the Soviet Union eat beef stewed potatoes" and "let the per capita grain output of the Soviet Union surpass that of the United States", he forced to promote the cultivation of corn in Siberia despite the limited climatic conditions in the Soviet Union, resulting in a large-scale crop failure and forced to increase grain production.

The essence of Khrushchev's reform is to tinker with Stalin's system, change its face and inherit it in general. He himself was eventually overthrown by a coup and forced to retire.

Then the Soviet Union entered the Brezhnev period. Brezhnev strongly denied Khrushchev and invited Stalin back in name. But unlike Khrushchev, Brezhnev almost did the opposite, and his behavior fundamentally deviated from the Soviet policy since Lenin and Stalin and embarked on the road of revisionism.

During this period, the Soviet Union was called "social imperialism". It expanded abroad, engaged in chauvinism as a big country, and took an offensive against the United States and the West, pushing its sphere of influence to the peak, but it became increasingly unpopular and isolated from the international community. Internally, it vigorously suppressed the independent rights of satellite countries in Eastern Europe, invaded Czechoslovakia by force, and grossly interfered in other countries' internal affairs. Brezhnev put forward his own theory "Brezhnevism", in which the theory of limited sovereignty is particularly prominent. He believes that the satellite countries in Eastern Europe are countries with limited sovereignty and should accept the leadership of the Soviet Union. In fact, they are attached to the Soviet Union, and the Soviet Union can interfere in their internal affairs at will. The Soviet Union went to the typical chauvinism road of a big country.

It was also during this period that the Soviet Union was terminally ill and the domestic economy fell into an "oil trap". When the oil price is high, it develops rapidly and the oil price plummets. In the late Brezhnev period, the Soviet Union began to widen its distance from the United States after its economic peak, which was equivalent to 70% of that of the United States, and then it became bigger and bigger. Compared with Bahrain and other countries that have successfully transformed now, it can't help but make people sad.

The Soviet Union consumed too much energy in its struggle for hegemony. Successive wars have overdrawn its national strength before, and then it strives for hegemony year after year at the expense of Russia's collapse. In Brezhnev's later period, in order to break through, the Soviet Union chose the direction of the Indian Ocean as a breakthrough and tried to invade Afghanistan in a hurry. Brezhnev was old and confused at that time, and even put forward a wonderful theory that "justice lies in me, and the public security war will not be fought if it wants to." In the end, the Soviet Union was deeply involved in the security war in Afghanistan and suffered heavy losses.

With Brezhnev getting older, there was no reform in the later period. His early reform was to turn the Soviet Union into social imperialism, which completely deviated from the correct direction. Later, he tended to stick to his own opinions and his policies became more and more chaotic. You can't speak without a speech.

Brezhnev went to Azerbaijan to guide the work. He read the speech in the middle of the meeting and found that he had misunderstood it. "It's not my fault, comrades. Let's start again. " There is a similar story. At the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games, Brezhnev forgot to take the manuscript on the podium and remained speechless for a long time. When he got the speech, he saw the five-ring symbol on it and thought it was five O. The first sentence he blurted out turned out to be "ooooo!" Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa. The following people rushed up, "secretary, that's the five rings, starting from the following paragraph." Had a fight with the current president of the United States.

1982, Brezhnev, who awarded himself a large number of medals, died. It should be pointed out that Gorbachev did not come to power directly, and many people were not familiar with two of the leaders. Andropov has been in power for nearly two years, and his reform has been widely praised, but he has not been in power for a long time. The untimely death lost the last chance of the Soviet Union.

Then there is chernenko, who is older. Judging from his age and physical condition at that time, the nature of the transition was very obvious. He was in office for 13 months, during which he needed help to carry out activities. He inherited andropov's policy and did some concrete work. That year, the Soviet Union was generally stable in trembling.

Gorbachev finally came to power in 1985. He was only 54 years old, a very young age in politics. At that time, he was expected. But people soon discovered that something was wrong.

His economic reform is a mess. He put forward the "accelerated development strategy", stepped up the development of the already highly deformed heavy industry, and made the industrial structure even more deformed, so that in the last few years, the Soviets had to queue up when they went to the supermarket to buy food, and there might only be a potato or a sweet potato on the shelf. This is not the most ridiculous.

Take the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries as an example. If you want to buy a car, according to the distribution of planned economy, it will take 15 years for the car you bought to reach your home. It takes 30 years to buy a house, and you can still live in this house after 30 years, which is completely out of normal living standards.

When the Soviet Union reached the Gorbachev era, it was difficult to turn back. If we look at the Sanfu reform, we assume that the Soviet Union is a chronic patient, Khrushchev made minor repairs, Brezhnev made the Soviet Union terminally ill, and Gorbachev directly changed the Soviet Union to death. In fact, they have no choice. It's the same for others. Not only they, but also Russia has no good choice now.

Many times in Russian history, Russia jumped between the west and the east, Europe and Asia, jumping around without knowing it. Peter the Great's Westernization Reform, Alexander II's Pan-Slavism Reform, the Soviet Union overthrew Russia, Khrushchev denied Stalin and Brezhnev denied Khrushchev. This repetition shows Russia's own embarrassment.

So is Germany. In German history, an empire followed a republic, and then fell into a repetitive cycle again. After the Holy Roman Empire, there was the German Federation, followed by the Second Empire, the Weimar Republic, the Nazis, the Federal Republic and Russia. In fact, in a logic, every latecomer must maintain his identity by denying his predecessor.

This is the result of the history of Central and Eastern Europe. It can't be changed by manpower. If andropov is in power for a long time, the Soviet Union may be able to avoid the tragedy of disintegration, but in any case, Russia itself will struggle on this road of repeated jumps, which is not Europe, Africa or Asia, because it is Russia itself.

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