The Years of Hongwu reveals why Consort Dong E was so strongly attracted to Emperor Shunzhi.

Dong E's life can be summarized in four words: "Beauty is short-lived". Her tragedy lies not only in her special experience before entering the palace, but also in her inability to break free from the yoke of the Manchu-Mongolian marriage. Her life has left too many topics for posterity. Empress Dong E was the third empress granted by Shunzhi when he was alive, but Dong E's empress status was sealed after her death.

Her life, her popularity, and the idea of becoming a monk after Shunzhi's death all added unforgettable elements to her short life.

Empress Dong's ashes were placed in Shunzhi's Xiaoling Jigong (孝陵地宮), the only palace in the Qing East Mausoleum that had not been burglarized. She and he were quiet behind them for a really long time.

Of all the palaces in the Qing Dynasty, Dong E's was the most legendary. For a time, it was said that Dong E was actually a Han Chinese woman named Dong Bai, a talented and beautiful Suzhou geisha.

When the Qing army marched south, Dong Shi was taken captive for her beauty and sent to the Forbidden City in Beijing. She became a favorite of the Shunzhi emperor.

In fact, the famous Suzhou geisha was taken by a talented man in Jiangnan as early as Chongzhen 15. The matchmaker was famous for his money. When the Qing army marched south in the second year of Shunzhi's reign, the Mao family's possessions were looted, but Dong Xiaowan was not sent to Beijing as a war booty.

Dong Xiaowan died of incurable tuberculosis at the age of 28 in Shunzhi. Obviously, Dong Xiaowan was not Dong E's princess.

The description of Princess Dong E reads, "Dong E, a female minister of E Shuo, entered the service at the age of 18 and came from a very strong family. She was crowned with three palaces. In August of ten years, she became a virtuous consort, and in December, she became an imperial consort." Not to mention that the status of the Noble Consort in the Harem was second only to the Empress. This is a very unusual sign for a noble consort to be pardoned. The Empress was not pardoned twice in the eighth and eleventh years of Shunzhi. It is not difficult to see the unique position of Dong E's imperial consort in Shunzhi's mind.

Hubei Shuo belongs to the Manchurian Zhengbai Banner. It was granted a hereditary viscount after many battles from the ninth year of Tiancong.

The Eshuo girl was born in Shunde in 1639. In the era of early marriages, she basically got married at the age of 13. Why did Dong Eshuo, who was a year younger than Shunzhi, not enter the palace until she was 18? Not to mention that 18 is long past the age of being chosen for the palace.

In the official records of the Qing Dynasty, Dong's life story before entering the palace has been kept secret.

But related works written by Westerners have revealed this. A paragraph in the book reads, "The Shunzhi emperor had a passionate love for the wife of a feathered soldier. When this soldier rebuked his wife for this, he was beaten by Tianzhi, who heard his condemnation.

The soldier died of his resentment. So the emperor brought the soldier's widow into the palace and made her an imperial consort. According to Chen Yuan, the soldier's wife was Dong E's, who was made a noble consort, and Dong E's ex-husband was Shunzhi's younger brother, the crown prince Xiang Bo Maobu.

Shunzhi dynasty records, did leave some interesting text: Shunzhi 13 years on July 3, Prince Xiang Bo Maomu avalanche, July 9, "the Ministry of Ceremonies to choose an auspicious day, August 19th to welcome the Princess, the Prince of Xiang and Heshuo with the death of the same, can not bear to be embraced" due to the collapse of the Prince of Xiang, can not bear to be enthroned, a full embodiment of the Shunzhi and the Prince of Xiang The unusual relationship.

Already a woman, Dong E's presence in Shunzhi's vision may be related to the system of married women serving concubines in the Qing harem in turn. Dong E's, who became the consort of King Qin Xiang, was naturally one of the celebrities. Serving concubines in the palace provided the conditions for Shunzhi to meet her unexpectedly.

It's true. "I looked for him thousands of times in my dreams, and when I looked back, this man was in the dim light."

It is worth noting that on April 5 of the 11th year of Shunzhi, the Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang ordered a halt to the practice of this system of marrying women, which had not been practiced in previous generations, on the grounds that it was "strictly disciplined and not subject to suspicion."

The Empress Dowager Cixi may have heard of something between Tian and his sister-in-law, Dong. According to the Empress Dowager's arrangement, the granddaughter of her soon-to-be-born nephew was the Empress. At this time, how could a branch be created? Besides, Prince Bormude was a man who attached great importance to etiquette. Once he knew that Wang Hao had cheated on his wife and hit the wall, sympathizing with others, he certainly could not stand it; for the sake of Moe's marriage and family harmony, Xiaozhuang decided to take immediate precautions to cut off Shunzhi's and Dong's ways of seeing each other, so that their newfound love would cool down and fade away in silence.

There is no way to find out exactly what happened in the more than two years from Shunzhi's April 11 to Aug. 19, Shunzhi's Aug. 13, but it is conceivable that the dowager empress's injunction failed to stop Shunzhi's affair with Dong'er, and some news eventually reached Prince Maoguo's ears.

So Dong was "reprimanded" by her husband, and Shunzhi gave his indignant husband a "slap in the face".

July 3, Bom Bogor died of resentment, Dong Eshi to widowhood in the palace.

Why was Tung so attractive to Shunzhi? In "Memories" written in the biography of the Empress Dowager of the Qing Dynasty, Shunzhi wrote: "After saving, there is no need for gold and jade. Memorize the Tang Ruowang biography and the Hsiaojing Empress line. You've graduated and studied for a long time, you'll be fine. I'll use Zen as an analogy, if you study and understand." The study of the Four Books and the Book of Changes, the mastery of calligraphy, and the understanding of Zen made Dong and Shunzhi share **** the same cultural interests and endless topics of conversation.

For Shunzhi, although there were many harem wives and concubines, they were either from the Mongolian steppe or from Manchu families, and almost all were illiterate.

How does a young prince who has read some classic works find a soulmate! To be fair, Dong E's was far from being a talented Han Chinese woman, but for Shunzhi, who lived in a cultural desert, she was an unrivaled confidante.

The Shunzhi emperor's passionate and enduring love not only caused an uproar in the harem, but also in the heart of Dong'er.

Dong Wenjie Effie

It is hard to shake off the feeling of guilt intertwined with the joy of love. However, Bogor's death did make Dong feel guilty. He was y moved by the past and worried about everything. "Hate to meet before marriage"! In the end, she was honored with the title of Noble Consort and ceremoniously ascended to the throne of the Imperial Consort. On October 7, the 14th year of Shunzhi, she gave birth to the Fourth Emperor. This son became Crown Prince at birth . The three palaces touching the crown also made her a target. No one wants to be a loser in a harem where emotions are competitive.

On the 24th day of the first month of Shunzhi's reign, the Fourth Emperor died, and Shunzhi immediately honored him as emperor.

Although Shunzhi's fourth son was the first to be knighted by a prince, Dong could still feel the gloating eyes of her consorts. Shunzhi still insisted on establishing filial piety and honoring the empress's throne and the empress's son, Prince Rong's son. However, Dong E's body, which had suffered from her son's suffering, was too weak to bear the burden of bearing and raising children, and repeatedly told the emperor that he did not have to make his son the crown prince.

Perhaps because of Dong's physical condition, she was unable to bear children, and this wasteful thought welled up in Shunzhi's chest.

At first, he had no feelings for the second empress. For the sake of Dong's future situation, he had to keep Dong in the center of the palace.

He stopped writing letters to the Empress knowing that Dong E was a very powerful person among them, and urged Shunzhi to dismiss the idea of waste, saying, "I am willing to do my best," and adding, "If Your Majesty abolishes the Empress, my consort will not dare to give birth to a child. "

The Manchu-Mongolian alliance loomed over the harem, like an inescapable yoke that imprisoned the amorous son of heaven and his beloved.

On the one hand, Dong E's tasted his true love; on the other hand, he had to beware of the pitfalls of jealousy and be careful with his words.

In the fourteenth year of Shunzhi, her father Ershuo died. Dong E's reaction to this was not very sad, for she feared that her father would make trouble outside the house, as Huang Guifei's father had done. On the contrary, her father's death stopped her from worrying, and her reasons seemed unreasonable.

Shunzhi's love became an unbearable weight in Dong's life. She was tired of living in a hierarchical harem.

Shunzhi "did not tire himself out even if he avoided the court" to avoid the accusation that "the king never had an early morning court"; Shunzhi discussed with her after he "spoke Japanese" about "chapters and sentences". "When Shunzhi asked her to read with him, she stood up and thanked him for "not daring to rule".

As for the Empress Dowager, she is doing her best to serve her, "walking from one side to the other." Shunzhi gave birth to her baby on October 7, 14th. Although she was very weak, she would try her best to serve the sick empress dowager, but the empress dowager was not at ease.

While she was in extreme pain after losing her son, she still had to smile and appear to the empress dowager, "swaying from side to side" . In the long run, how can she stop "despairing"? Exhausted, Dong finally died at the age of 22 on August 8, 17th year of Shunzhi's reign.

Dong's death caused even more waves than when he entered the palace. He tried to commit suicide by any means possible in order to make Dong Eshi the empress of Shunzhi.

According to tradition, a consort can only be honored as empress if their son succeeds to the throne.

To avoid Shunzhi's irrational excesses, Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang was forced to agree to pursue Dong'e as Empress.

But the discussion of titles after death was problematic. Although in the twelve words added "filial piety and virtue - Renxu An Wenhui Duanjing" four words, but the empress's posthumous name still does not have the "heaven" and "holy" two necessary words.

Shunliang Shunliang's posthumous name still does not have the necessary words "heaven" and "saint", such as "Chengtian help saint" and "help heaven help saint".

Shunzhi was y China-centered. He knew, of course, that Dong E was neither a son of the Qing clan nor his mother's son. Though he was the Son of Heaven, he had no choice but to follow strict feudal rites.

Like the poem "Four Books" written by Shunzhi, "I am the lord of the mountains and the rivers and the earth," "I have not been free for eighteen years. Shunzhi lost control of his emotions after losing Princess Dong'e, far more so than his father, Taiji.

After the funeral, Emperor Shunzhi became a monk, causing an uproar. He asked Yulin Tong's disciple, Sang Hing Sen, to shave his head to show his determination to die.

The idea of becoming a monk arose after Dong's death, but his unfinished business had to be concluded with his power - a Dong's queenly title and a grand funeral for her. Once those two things were done, he broke into the empty door.

Shunzhi shaved his head, in fact, a process of gradual enlightenment to epiphany. On Oct. 4, the 14th year of Shunzhi's reign, Shunzhi was in frequent contact with Zen masters Lin Yu, Muchen and Hing Sen after meeting with the monk Han Pu at the Haihui Temple.

Of course, there are also considerations of the interests of the literati who escaped into the empty door, because since the Tang and Song dynasties, the literati often go out of Buddhism to seek spiritual solace.

According to Matteo Ricci, a foreign missionary in China at the time, "Many loyalists to the Ming dynasty did not want to be ruled by Manchuria and became monks." Many scholars, poets and painters lived in the temples. Some had the legal name of "Four Ming"; others were "Loyalists and Filial Buddhists". Chongzhen every death, are "burning incense to the North", a day as if a dozen years; there are also generous poems: "long whistle in the red dust, loyalty and filial piety into the body of the law", to poetry; there are also people to Chongzhen hanged old man) of the poem compiled into a book called "I Ching". At that time, "the Confucian less", "collateral taken away by history", the empty door is not empty.

Shunzhi ordered the influential Zen masters Yulin and Muchen to come to the capital.

Muchen is not only the editor of the "West Mountain Tiantai Mountain Magnetic Mountain Temple Wall", but also said that Shunzhi eight years in Zhoushan open Putuo Temple. At that time, Zhoushan was under the control of Wang Lu Zhu Yihai, whose political inclination was self-evident.

After entering the capital, Muchen was arranged by Shunzhi to live in Xiyuan. The two places have similar interests.

Shunzhi, an erudite and honorable man of letters, erased thoughts of his homeland and differences in his Chinese intentions.

He wrote on the eve of his departure from Beijing, "It is important to say goodbye to you, but it is difficult to meet you."

Why is it possible to shrink land and stay for a long time? "Farewell to love, attachment appears.

"Never cry again", "new Puching", "Jingshan Park flowers and birds worry", after returning to China to write a political article "Heart Spectrum Record", both misinterpretation of Confucius "worry about the country and the people, I follow the Zhou", but also argued the rationality of the Ming and Qing tripod. The article said: "Xiang lost his teacher, and the rise of the Ming dynasty and the death of the same. Being a person who is not an official and not a scholar often requires Shouyang to be proud of himself. This is human nature and goes against the reasoning of Zhou Qing." Even Hong Chengchou and Wu Sangui, who had been in the Qing Dynasty for many years, could not make up such a statement. Not anymore! And Muchen's warning that he "cannot avenge his father's death through bijou" is exactly what Shunzhi has been waiting for.

The expansion of Manchu-Chinese cooperation is indisputable. But ritual Zen was also a double-edged sword that broke the Zen door and allowed a significant number of Ming and Qing Zen masters to accept the reality of setting up a pavilion.

At the same time it led Shunzhi's thoughts to the empty door. He once told Muchen, "I am trapped in treasure, that is, my wife and husband feel the gathering of wind and clouds, and they are not aware of it." .

Shunzhi even took Yulin as his teacher, under the name "Hsing-zi". In today's terms, he could be considered the head of the family. At the same time, he had a Q&A with Tung, so he had a special interest in his mind.

On the subject of Shunzhi's long absence from the house, Wu Meicun also wrote a poem about the Sheriff.

In the year of Shinpuru, there is also a poem written by Fulin called "Never".

While it can be concluded that this poem was not written by Shunzhi, it says that "food in the jungle is like mountains on earth, and alms are available everywhere." Gold and white jade are not expensive, but the robe is the most difficult. I am the Lord of the mountains and the rivers and the earth. When I worry about my country and my people, I become complicated." and "I am a poor son of the West, why should I live in royalty? Sentences such as "18 years without freedom, mountains and rivers sit in rest" truly reflect Shunzhi's mindset that he could not help being bound by mundane rituals.

The famous novel Qing Poetry and History from the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, in which it was arranged for the protagonist Jia Baoyu to abandon his family and become a monk after Lin Daiyu was captured by feudal rites, may be the result of Shunzhi's strong thoughts on becoming a monk.

The grandmother of Cao Xueqin, the author of this book, was the nanny of Emperor Kangxi. The author may have heard of Shunzhi's attempts to escape into Buddhism during his childhood. It is with this accumulation of life that the masterpiece "The Wall of the Magnetic Mountain Temple on Tiantai Mountain in the Western Mountains" has such a strong impact.

However Shunzhi's departure from Buddhism was also empty. Yulin arrived in Beijing in time to stop Shunzhi from becoming a monk. Yulin made it clear that if the emperor did not give up the idea of becoming a monk, he would burn Hingsen to death. The burning pyre forced Shunzhi to give in and stay on earth as emperor.

To this end, he arranged for Wu, a popular eunuch, to become the emperor's body, body double, to become a monk at the Benyamin Zhongyi Temple to fulfill the emperor's unfulfilled wish, and came to the Benyamin Zhongyi Temple on the second day of the eighteenth year to attend Wu's shaving ceremony.

Excessive grief, the labor of mourning, and the disillusionment of becoming a monk all hurt the Shunzhi emperor's already sickly body.

Shunzhi was in his teens when he contracted tuberculosis and even vomited blood. Patients with tuberculosis show morbid hyperfunction in the early stages of the disease, which is considered by Chinese medicine to be caused by yin deficiency and hyperactivity of yang. At the time, Shunzhi was in his teenage years, and indulgences were common.

But the morbid hyperthyroidism drained his body of vitality, so that by his early 20s, he had a deficiency of yin and yang, and a deficiency of qi and blood.

Shunzhi's love for Princess Dong'a was not what is commonly thought of as "bearing the rain alone". In fact, the emperor and her often "share the same bed". They were like old friends, and they were more in touch with each other's hearts.

The death of Princess Dong'a had weakened Shunzhi's fire, which could be put out at any time.

Shunji died five days after attending Wu's shaving ceremony. He was cremated in a ceremony at Jingshan, according to Hing Sen's wishes, and Hing Sen, who was ordered to come to the capital, held a torch relay for Shunzhi on April 17th. His body and royal possessions were burned.

Shunji's ashes were buried in the mausoleum he chose during his lifetime, the Qingling Mausoleum at Malanyu in Zunhua.

To Shunzhi's surprise, his posthumous name "Zhang" could not be associated with his death, which implied that filial piety was not worthy of a shrine. However, neither ethics nor human rights had anything to do with the shocking life-and-death love affair that took place in the Forbidden City for several years.

Shunzhi felt a little sick in the afternoon after attending Wu's shaving ceremony.

The next day, on the third day of the first month, symptoms of acne appeared.

Manchu, who came to the Central Plains from customs, were initially immune to the smallpox virus, which often threatened the lives of adults. So every winter and early spring, Shunzhi would go to the Southern Garden to avoid the pox.

But the winter of Shunzhi's 17th year was an exception. Instead of avoiding the pox, Shunzhi went, exhausted, to the funeral of Princess Dong'a. The smallpox virus took advantage of this.

On the sixth day of the first month, Shunzhi was critically ill. Early in the morning, Ma and Han Bachelor came to the emperor's bedside and were ordered to write a posthumous edict.

According to Wang Xi's "Dream of the Red Chamber," after writing the first paragraph, "I made it clear that I was afraid of excessive communion, and told Chen Rong to his face, stating it in detail, and then went out to write it on the western screen under the dry green door." Every third visit, the king appointed three times, the day began and ended.

Evening drive guests for the day. According to Qing records, Shunzhi died at the age of 24 in the Palace of Yangxin, on the seventh day of the first month.

It is not difficult to see that Shunzhi's posthumous edict during his lifetime was reviewed and finalized by me personally, only to be published in the Red Chamber.

Four hours after Shunzhi's death, the posthumous edict was published and became a confession.

After the posthumous edict was announced, Wang Xi, who had been involved in writing the posthumous edict, burned all the written records related to the posthumous edict, and kept his mouth shut about all the content involved.

According to Monson's testimony, "there must be a situation during which the Empress Dowager and the King decided to change," and eight hours was enough time to revise it.

The tenth article of this letter of apology is for filial piety to Empress Dong'e: "Salute the Empress Dowager, but do your filial piety, and help me to bow and repair the temple." I honored the Lengji, remembered the virtues, mourned the sacrificial rites, lived generously, and did not stop my feelings with rites. Everything fails, and so does my sin."

The inclusion of Dong's bereavement in the imperial decree does reflect Xiaojang's strong dissatisfaction. In her opinion, if Shunzhi was not so sad and upset, how could he have gotten the pox and given up?

However, Fulin was also commented on in Heng Muyi's Self-created Chronicles, "In this posthumous edict issued in Fulin's name, Fulin dressed up as a sinful man because of the mistakes he made, such as the special courtesy given to his beloved consort and the lavish funeral held for her . Perhaps his mother, Empress Xiaozhuang, who wanted to raise a niece or nephew, insisted on the addition." Xiaozhuang's emotions put Duanjing's cousin, Zhenfei Dong'e, in deep fear. In order to avoid causing more trouble and to keep the Dong'e family from being implicated, she decided to sacrifice herself, assuming that Shunzhi was buried in exchange for the empress dowager's forgiveness, so she left gracefully in her early 20s.

Although it was her own choice, which . Kang Xi posthumously appointed True Consort Dong E's as the true consort of the Kexue, but two years later when Shunzhi Xiaoling Mausoleum was completed, the underground palace only buried Xiaoxian Duan dowager empress dowager and Kang Xi's mother, Tong, Shunzhi.

As for Consort Zhen, who followed Qin Shi Huang, she was buried in the Huang Fei Ling on the east side of the Xiaoling Mausoleum. Kangxi thirty-two years began to build a tomb for the first mother Xiaohui, on the basis of the original Huangfei Mausoleum, the construction of Xiaodong Mausoleum dungeon, Baocheng, Fangcheng, Mingcheng, Lungen Temple and East and West Shrine . But Consort Zhen is only one of the 28 concubines buried in the Xiaodong Mausoleum.

I had to be my cousin's scapegoat when I was unpopular in my lifetime; buried but still abandoned in death; her birthright and the sorrows and glories of the underground palace not hers.

Honor to the filial piety of Queen Tung. Although she did not leave behind a son or a daughter, she did leave behind a younger brother, Fei Yangu, who served the Qing dynasty well.

Fei Yang was born in the second year of Shunzhi, six years younger than Xiaowen

His father died in the 14th year of Shunzhi, and 13-year-old Feiyangu inherited the earl, who had been promoted by his father a year earlier, because his daughter had been made an imperial consort.

The 13-year-old earl knew how to restrain himself. At the height of his sister's popularity, she didn't dare indulge her words or actions. In addition, she spends her time studying literary strategies to lay the groundwork for her future accomplishments.

Young Feiyanggu worked under An when he pacified the San Francisco Rebellion. For his outstanding achievements, he was given the positions of Minister of Security and Minister of State.

Flying Yanggu stepped into politics not because of his spouse but because of his political achievements. Feiyanggu made his mark during the Qing Dynasty's war with Jardan, the leader of Junggar.

Starting in the 26th year of the Kangxi period, the Junggar tribe, the most powerful branch of Mongolia in the western Desert, with Ili as its ruling center, marched eastward under the leadership of its chief, Jardan. In May of the following year, it crossed the Hangui Mountains and attacked the Tufan Tufan in the north of the desert, then crossed the Ture River and invaded the pastures of the Chechen ministries. The northern desert ministries moved southward and demanded to join the Qing Dynasty.

If the Qing court did not accept the affiliation of Mobei, they would inevitably be annexed by Jungar, which was a great threat to the north of the Qing dynasty. If the ministries of Kerka were allowed to be attached, Gardan might commit crimes in the name of pursuit.

Though the situation was so serious, Kang Xi would never miss the heavenly opportunity to submit to the ministries in Mobei. Until then, Mobei and the Qing ministries "had dealings, but were enemies". Junggar's invasion left them homeless.

So Kang Xi decreed that the Junggar ministries should be left to fend for themselves, resettling in pastures near the border and allocating food from Cheng Guihua to save their lives.

The ministries in the north of the desert were woven into thirty-seven flags like those in the south of the desert and Inner Mongolia, and the Huizong Temple was built to house the lamas of the ministries.

Kang Xi's practice of "treating Kerka well and making it resistant to the north" did achieve the effect of "stronger than the Great Wall".

Occupying the desert north of the Gaulding more and more powerful. Kangxi twenty-ninth year, in the name of pursuing "has entered the flood season" of the Koka places, the rate of hundreds of thousands of troops to the south.

Goldan was "ambitious", so Kangxi decided to start his first war with Gordan with his own expedition.

But because Kang Xi fell ill before the army, he had to entrust the war to Yu-Tsang, and Feiyanggu was a powerful general under Yu-Tsang.

The two sides fought a fierce battle at Ulanbutong. After being defeated, Gao Erding led the rest of his men across the Ramlun River and fled back to Mobei.

Since then, Galdin has crossed the Krumlun River from time to time and invaded the Bayan Ulan region in the south.

In order to defend Galdin, Kangxi appointed Feiyanggu as the general of Anbei, stationed in Guihua.

To address the military threat of Galdan to Inner Mongolia, Kang Xi again made a personal expedition in February of the 35th year of his reign.

In favor of the conscription, there were three roads. Sabsu was in charge of the eastern route, leading thousands of soldiers stationed in eastern Mongolia to stop Galdan from fleeing eastward; Fei Yanggu was appointed general of Fuyuan and commander of the western route, and was the main force of the campaign, with a strength of more than 46,000 men. The route was led by Kang Xi himself, with a strength of about 33,000 men.

According to prior deployment, the Middle Route army departed from Beijing on April 1, and the West Route army departed from Ningxia and Guihua, respectively, in March.At the end of May, the Middle Route and the West Route met north of the Tuer River.

During the march, the Red Army's advance was affected by bad weather. To avoid failing to arrive on time, the central army led by Kang Xi was under tremendous pressure alone. Gu Fei himself led 14,000 elites to fight day and night. By the time Kang Xi reached the south bank of the Kluan River, "there were no households on the north bank" and Jardan had "left the camp".

On the way to the west, Godan was "old and weak". After running for five days and five nights, he reached Zhao Muduo in Kulun, but was intercepted by the Ming army led by Feiyangu.

Yanggu and Galdin in Zhaowudu fierce battle, Galdin's main force was completely destroyed.

Since then, the name of the abolition of Yanggu will be closely linked with the defeat of the Kangxi Emperor armor Zhao Mordo, Galdin.

"Snow like blood puffed shirt, seize the Yellow River for the manger. Ruined my reputation, Lu. I made the song. I'm going without a camel. Alas, north of the Yellow River! Alas, what is south of the North Dipper!" This is a sad song sung by the Kangxi Emperor at the celebration banquet after he was captured by the old musician in Jungar. From the lyrics, we can see that the Junggar ministry led by Galdin attempted to expand southward after capturing the third division of Halka in the northern part of the desert, which also reflects the fact that Galdin's elite troops were lost at the end of their road under the heavy blows of the Zhaomodo War.

Galdin's old place in the northern foothills of the Tien Shan was occupied by his brother Sangar's son, Chegri Alhabotan, and was in a precarious position.

Since Jardin refused Kang Xi's favor, Feiyanggu took part in the Third Anti-Jardin War in February of Kang Xi's 36th year, but before the two sides could engage in battle, Jardin fell ill and died on March 13 of this year.

Gu Fei was made a first-class duke for his outstanding contribution in the war to pacify Galdin.

Fei Yanggu was stationed in the city of Naturalization for seven years, from the battle of Ulanbtong to the defeat of Galdin. Because of his ability to restrain the masses and his strict military discipline, he won the hearts of the people. When the third crusade against Gauldin was over, he was ordered to leave. When he left the city, the merchants and people of Naturalization saw him off one by one and quickly built a statue of him to commemorate his battles with Erdan, defense of the borders, and policy of appeasement.

Even the Qing government, when appointing the next naturalized general, appointed someone with the same name as him. But the appointment reflected the fact that this abrogated Yanggu, who was the youngest son of the Crown Prince Duo, was from the Dong'e clan and enjoyed a high reputation among the Mongol and Han peoples.

It should be comforting to offer filial piety to the Empress's soul at the Xiaoling Jigong.

This article was selected from "Declaration" published by Rural Reading Press. The authors are Li Jingping and Gu Min.