What materials do inorganic nonmetallic materials mainly include?

Inorganic nonmetallic materials mainly include silica aerogel, cement, glass and ceramics.

Inorganic nonmetallic materials have many varieties, names and uses, and there is no unified and perfect classification method. They are usually divided into two categories: ordinary (traditional) and advanced (new) inorganic nonmetallic materials. Traditional inorganic nonmetallic materials are indispensable basic materials for industry and capital construction. Since the mid-20th century, new inorganic nonmetallic materials have been developed, which have special properties and uses.

In terms of crystal structure, the crystal structure of inorganic nonmetals is far more complicated than that of metals, and there are no free electrons. It has stronger ionic bonds and mixed bonds than metal bonds and pure valence bonds.

The unique high bond energy and strength of this chemical bond endow this kind of material with basic properties such as high melting point, high hardness, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, high strength and good oxidation resistance, as well as wide conductivity, heat insulation, light transmittance and good ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism and piezoelectricity.

Extended data:

Material characteristics of inorganic nonmetallic materials;

Ordinary inorganic nonmetallic materials are characterized by high compressive strength, high hardness, high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance. In addition, cement has excellent gelling properties, glass has excellent optical properties, ceramics has excellent corrosion resistance and dielectric properties, and refractories have excellent heat insulation properties, which are beyond the reach of metal materials and polymer materials.

However, compared with metal materials, it is a brittle material with low fracture strength and lack of ductility. Compared with polymer materials, the density is higher and the manufacturing process is more complicated.

It has various physical effects and microscopic phenomena. For example, the photoelectric properties of photosensitive materials, the pyroelectric properties of heat-sensitive materials, the electromechanical properties of piezoelectric materials, the gas-electric properties of gas-sensitive materials and the wet-electric properties of humidity-sensitive materials have the function conversion characteristics between physical and chemical parameters.

Baidu encyclopedia-inorganic nonmetallic materials