The Present Situation and Inheritance of Yangko

Yangko originated very early and rose in the northeast during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Yangko is recorded in detail in A Brief Introduction to Liu Bian. At that time, the leader of the Yangko team was carrying an umbrella, and Dan and Ugly were "on the same plane". "On the night of the end of the Yuan Dynasty, a busybody would dress up as a yangko, the yangko performer would dress up as three or four women with the lad, and three or four people would dress up as soldiers, each holding two logs, and suddenly they would strike a relative dance. And pretend to sell umbrella lights, accompanied by gongs and drums Dancing is a song, and singing is dancing and self-sufficiency. " In the late Qing Dynasty, a large number of refugees from Hebei and Shandong "went to Kanto", and yangko became more popular. At that time, by the end of the year, all villages were competing to hold yangko. Some semi-professional duets turned (played) into small classes, most of which were hired by the whole village. Plus some local people, ranging from 20 to 30 people to 50 or 60 people, went door to door beating gongs and drums and singing yangko. There are also some folk artists who dance yangko during the day and sing "Bouncing" at night in the first month of the Spring Festival. After liberation, under the advocacy of the Party and the government, Yangko was organized by the cultural masses and became a large-scale mass entertainment activity during festivals and celebrations of victory.

Yangko is divided into official and folk. Once upon a time, the official yangko was mostly run by large villagers and raised by folk lovers. After liberation, the Township People's Government organized activities. Folk yangko is mainly organized by yangko performers themselves, and the remuneration is distributed in a pre-agreed way.

In the old days, the commander-in-chief and lead dancer of the Yangko team was "Sand Son" (or "Sand Son", "Sprinkler Son" and "Silly Son"). He is wearing a small towel, a cloak-like blue shirt, and his clothes are supported by his hands, so he is also called the "shirt puller". He is responsible for twisting the waist and singing. The left team of Yangko Team is led by the son of Sha. Men dressed as women are all makeup "Baotou", and the first one is called "Dalahua". , followed by Erlahua and Sanlahua. "Baotou" are all wearing colorful dresses and crowns. The team on the right is led by a silly pillar. The first one is called "Big Ugly Son". Followed by two ugly children and three ugly children.

Guandong Yangko was originally attended by two-person artists, so Yangko often takes a little play. If anyone wants a play, just sing a little play. So until now, there are still some people in the Yangko team who make up, such as White Snake, Green Snake and Xu Xian in The Legend of the White Snake; Tang Priest, the Monkey King, Friar Sand and Pig Bajie in The Journey to the West; Monks and Liu Cui in "big-head monk dance Dance Teases Liu Cui"; Sanniang and the Chef King in Sanniang Cooking; The little mother, the rich uncle and the silly pillar in "Little Mother Open the Pound"; The old woman leaning on a wooden stick by the iron bow has become a major feature of Kanto Yangko, and it takes a lot of effort to dress up. Baochai, who plays "Baochai Butterfly", stands on stilts more than a foot high. As the "butterfly" falls, she can fly freely. When two groups of yangko compete, they often win by these stunts.

Yangko street, double-row columns, side dance. In case of firecrackers, stop playing. When Yangko enters Tuen Mun to pay a New Year call, it needs to be contacted in advance, which can be roughly divided into two ways. One is to play big games, enter the village central square, walk slowly, dance around the venue, and keep the national flag in the middle; Sing a duet or a little play to pay New Year greetings to the whole village. The other is to pay New Year greetings to famous people or go door to door. Yangko team "Yan Bieyi" entered the courtyard, twisted to the upper courtyard gate and then turned back, returned to the courtyard gate and went to the circus. As soon as the gongs and drums stopped, "Sand Childe" began to sing New Year greetings and then sent them down:

A small fan made of eight sticks of firewood.

I want to go down without singing yangko.

The designated person will sing for me.

The big wax flower leads the big ugly child.

The host gave a reward and "Sha Duzi" sang again.

As soon as the furniture exploded,

Yangko is more troublesome to go to the hospital.

You reward us with money,

Sail as soon as the gong rings.

After singing, the Yangko team was discharged from the hospital in the form of "snake shedding its skin" or "dragon wagging its tail". Modern Yangko after the founding of New China. Although it still follows the tradition, headed by Sha Gongzi, "Baotou" is no longer played by men. Except for the floor yangko, "Baotou's" are all performed by women, and it is a new trend for girls and daughters-in-law to dance yangko on stilts (some can't step on one foot or two, so they step on seven or eight inches of short legs, which is called "stepping on inches"). Since then, young women have joined the Yangko team, and Yangko has become an indispensable activity in the festival. In the Cultural Revolution, yangko was monotonous, with only "safflower yangko" and "workers and peasants yangko". After the Cultural Revolution, people's favorite traditional yangko was restored.

Dragon lanterns, dragon lanterns on dry boats, lion dances, dry boats and other acrobatics are mostly combined with yangko, and some are large-scale and often performed alone. After liberation, it has become a popular item in festival square culture. There are usually three kinds of holiday juggling:

One kind is dance, including dragon dance, lion dance, clam dance and big-headed doll dance. Lion dance, clam dance and big-headed doll dance are mostly with the Yangko team and become a part of the Yangko team. Dragon dance often moves alone. Dragon dancing during the day and playing dragon lanterns at night. Dragon lanterns are generally 9 knots, 1 1 knots,1knots. In ancient times, there were as many as 23 dragon lanterns in Jilin and rich areas.

The other is to play with some kind of drama. There are dry boat running, bamboo horse running, old man pushing cart, old man carrying several wives and so on. These acrobatics can be performed at the end of the Yangko team, or they can be amused during the competition. Pushing carts, running donkeys and boating all have delicate dance and humorous flavor. Some yangko teams also have two or four "dry boats" to jump. After the liberation, the social phenomenon that the old man has few wives has become less, so many of them have been changed into pigs carrying daughters-in-law, and some old men's carts have also been changed into small couples returning home. There are also acrobatic activities. Such as saving poles and changing cabinets. As a folk entertainment form of the Han nationality, "Puzzle Solving Bar" has a variety of sister arts, which are collectively called "Five Bars", including Puzzle Solving Bar, Raising Bars (also called "Raising Brother" and "Raising Brother"), Raising Bars (also called "Sitting on Flower Bar"), Turning Bars (also called "Turning Pavilion" and "Lifting Pavilion") and Carrying Bars. These five strokes influence each other. The book "Old Wulin Stories" written by Zhou Mi in the Southern Song Dynasty has been published for three years: "Taking the wooden bed iron machine as immortal, Buddha and spirit, flying in the air, it is called" Taige ". It spread to all parts of Jilin in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. After the "Cultural Revolution", the Great Stick developed in Da 'an and Guo Qian counties of Songnen Plain, and performed programs such as What is the Sea, Monkey King Thrice Defeats the Skeleton Demon, Water, Man Mountain and Promoting Agriculture through Science and Technology. "What Made the Sea" put a lever on the car, and there was a dragon at one end of the lever. When the lever was pressed, the dragon flew, and Nezha performed various performances, which were quite spectacular. "Turn Pavilion", the car is equipped with a rotating stage, which is decorated with colored silk. As the car moves forward and the stage rotates, the little actors play various dramatic roles on the stage.