What are the transmission routes of common epidemics?

An epidemic refers to an infectious disease that can infect a large number of people. Sometimes it only happens in a certain area, or it may be a global epidemic. Common transmission routes are: air transmission, contact transmission and so on. , as follows:

1, swine flu

Swine flu is an acute infectious respiratory disease in pigs. It is characterized by sudden onset, cough, dyspnea, fever and rapid recovery. Swine flu is caused by influenza A virus (influenza A virus) and usually breaks out in pigs. It is highly contagious, but it usually does not cause death. Autumn and winter are high incidence periods, but they can spread all year round.

Transmission route of swine flu: sneezing, coughing and physical contact may lead to the spread of new swine flu virus among people.

The route of human infection with swine flu: it may be through contact with infected pigs or the environment infected with swine flu virus, or through contact with people infected with swine flu virus. It can be transmitted from people to pigs, from pigs to people, and from people to people. The transmission between people is mainly mediated by coughing and sneezing of infected people. The symptoms of human swine flu infection are similar to those of ordinary people, including fever, cough, sore throat, general pain, headache, chills and fatigue. Some people will have diarrhea and vomiting, and in severe cases, they will have pneumonia, respiratory failure and even death.

2. Severe acute respiratory syndrome

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV), which was named as SARS by the World Health Organization.

Transmission route of severe acute respiratory syndrome: the disease is a respiratory infectious disease, and the main mode of transmission is close droplet transmission or contact with respiratory secretions of patients.

People are infected with bird flu.

Human infection with avian influenza is a human disease caused by avian influenza virus. Avian influenza virus belongs to influenza A virus. According to the pathogenicity of avian influenza virus to chickens and turkeys, it is divided into three grades: high, medium, low/no pathogenicity.

Because of the characteristics of hemagglutinin structure of avian influenza virus, it usually infects poultry. When the virus rearranges its genes and changes its structure in the process of replication, it may cause people to be infected with avian influenza. Up to now, the subtypes of avian influenza virus that can directly infect humans are H5N 1, H7N9, H7N9 and H9N2.

Transmission route of human infection with avian influenza: Combined with the characteristics of avian influenza virus and existing research results, it is considered that poultry carrying the virus is the main source of human infection with avian influenza. It is particularly important to reduce and control the spread of avian influenza virus among birds, especially among birds.

4. Plague

Plague is a virulent infectious disease caused by Yersinia pestis infection, an international quarantine infectious disease and a Class A infectious disease among the legal infectious diseases in China, ranking first among 39 legal infectious diseases. Plague is a natural infectious disease, which is mainly prevalent among rodents. Rats and marmots are natural hosts of Yersinia pestis. Rat fleas are vectors of transmission.

The transmission route of plague: rat flea bite transmission, respiratory tract infection and skin transmission.

Rat flea bites are the main route of transmission, which can spread pathogens (Yersinia pestis) from animals to people, forming a transmission mode of "rodents → fleas → people". The respiratory secretions of patients contain a large number of Yersinia pestis, which can spread from person to person through respiratory droplets, causing human plague epidemic. The damaged skin mucosa of healthy people can be infected when they come into contact with the pus and sputum of patients or the skin and blood of diseased rodents.

5. novel coronavirus

Novel coronavirus refers to pneumonia caused by 20 19 novel coronavirus infection, which has been confirmed as an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by 20 19 novel coronavirus infection.

The main transmission routes in COVID-19 are direct transmission, aerosol transmission and contact transmission. Direct transmission refers to the infection caused by sneezing, coughing, talking droplets, and direct inhalation of exhaled gas at close range; Aerosol transmission refers to the mixing of fog droplets in the air to form aerosol, which leads to infection after inhalation; Contact transmission means that droplets are deposited on the surface of articles, and then contact with mucous membranes such as mouth, nose and eyes after contacting with contaminated hands, resulting in infection.

Baidu encyclopedia-swine flu

Baidu Encyclopedia-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Baidu Encyclopedia-Human Infected with Avian Influenza

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