The artifacts of China's modernization quest is what movement got it

1, the instrumental stage of China's modernization is the foreign affairs movement initiated by the foreign affairs faction.

2. The three stages of China's modernization are: the stage of artifacts - the stage of institutions - the stage of ideology and culture, and the corresponding factions and movements are: the foreign affairs faction, the foreign affairs movement - the radicalization and reform - the modernization movement. -The corresponding factions and movements are: the foreign affairs faction, the foreign affairs movement - the reformist faction, the reformist faction - the radical faction, the new culture movement.

3, the foreign affairs faction:

The foreign affairs faction was a political faction within the ruling class that was gradually formed and strengthened after the Second Opium War, especially in the process of suppressing the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement. At that time, a new political division of the Chinese landlord class began to take place, and there appeared the foreign affairs faction that advocated change and the stubborn faction that defended the traditional system. At that time, the main representatives of the foreign affairs faction in the central government were the Manchu clan and aristocratic officials represented by Prince Gong Yixin and Guarjia Wenxiang, and in the local government were the Han officials represented by Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang, Zuo Zongtang and Zhang Zhidong.

The foreign affairs faction took "learning from the barbarians to control the barbarians" as its main purpose, and "secondary school as a body, western learning as a use" as its principle, at first, the foreign affairs faction took "self-improvement" as its slogan, and in the 1870s, it put forward the idea of "self-improvement". In the 1870s, the slogan of "Seek Wealth" was put forward. Aiming at the situation that China lagged far behind the West in terms of weaponry and military technology at that time, they advocated learning the advanced technology and military training methods of the West, and constructing modernized national defense. They also put forward the ideas of "borrowing the law for self-improvement" and "industrial and commercial establishment of the country", which made them a political group with the idea of modernization and change in the early modern China.

But the ideas of the foreign affairs faction had great limitations. Because the foreign affairs faction was a political faction divided from the landlord class, it had the characteristics of the landlord class, and its learning from the West was limited to the fields of military and management, and it was not involved in the change of the political system. Its fundamental aim was to maintain the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty, and it rejected the advanced capitalist system of the West. With the defeat of the Sino-Japanese War in 1894, the reform movement initiated by the foreign affairs faction eventually went bankrupt.

4, foreign affairs movement:

The foreign affairs movement, also known as the late Qing self-help movement, self-improvement movement. The movement was the introduction of Western military equipment, machine production and science and technology in the 1860s and 1890s by the foreign affairs faction to maintain feudal rule, "self-improvement", "seeking wealth" movement.

While the foreign affairs movement did not make China rich and strong for more than 30 years, it introduced advanced Western science and technology and led to the emergence of the first modern enterprises in China, which objectively contributed to the emergence and development of Chinese national capitalism.

The fundamental guiding ideology was "self-improvement" and "seeking wealth". It is categorized by the eight words "Teach from the barbarians" and "Use the Chinese body in the West". The first four words "Teach the barbarians to control the barbarians" shows the relationship between the foreign affairs movement and foreign capitalist invaders, that is, to learn the long skills of the West to resist Western aggression to open up the road.