What does giving wine to your best friend represent in Chinese customs?!

China's drinking culture China's long history, splendid culture, the distribution of the many ethnic groups around the world, brewed a rich and colorful folk wine customs. Some of the drinking customs have been handed down to this day. A traditional drinking culture roots - wine morality and wine rituals Historically, Confucianism is regarded as the orthodox point of view of the rule of the country, the customs of wine are also affected by the Confucian point of view of wine culture. Confucianism emphasizes the virtues of wine. The word "virtue of wine" was first mentioned in the Shangshu (Book of Songs) and Shijing (Classic of Poetry), which means that wine drinkers should be virtuous and should not be like King Zhou of the Xia Dynasty, who "subverted the virtue of the people and wasted their time in drinking wine", and the Shangshu - Letters Patent for Wine (Shangshu - Letters Patent for Wine), which focuses on the Confucian virtues of wine, is that: "Drinking is only for sacrifices" (only for rituals). Drink only at the time of sacrifice); "no Yi wine" (don't drink often, usually drink less wine to save food, only when there is a disease it is appropriate to drink wine); "the enforcement of the group drinking" (prohibit the people from congregating to drink); "prohibit indulgence " (prohibiting excessive drinking). Confucianism is not against drinking wine; using wine to offer sacrifices to honor the gods and to serve guests in old age are all virtues. Drinking alcohol as a culture of food, in ancient times formed a very everyone must comply with the etiquette. Sometimes this etiquette was very complicated. However, if they were not observed on some important occasions, they were suspected of committing a crime. And because if you drink too much alcohol, you can't control yourself and are prone to chaos, it is very important to establish drinking etiquette. Yuan Hongdao of the Ming Dynasty, seeing that the drinkers did not observe the drinking etiquette when drinking, felt y that the elders have a responsibility, so he collected a lot of information from ancient books and wrote a special article "Goblet Politics". Although this was written for those who drink and perform orders, it also has some significance for drinkers in general. In ancient China, there were some etiquettes for drinking wine as follows: When the master and guests drank wine together, they had to kneel down and worship each other. When a senior drinks in front of his elders, he is called a waiter, and he usually has to kneel and worship first, and then sit in the second seat. The elders order the elders to drink, the elders can only raise the cup; the elders in the cup of wine has not yet finished, the elders can not drink first. In ancient times, there were about four steps in drinking etiquette: worship, sacrifice, spit, and death. That is, first to make a gesture of worship, show respect, and then pour out a little wine on the ground to thank the earth for the virtue of birth; and then taste the wine, and praise the host to make him happy; and finally drink up the cup and finish it. At the banquet, the host should toast to the guest (called pay), the guest should return the toast to the host (called entertainment), and there are a few words of toast when the toast is made. Guests can also toast each other (called travel pay). Sometimes it is also necessary to toast to people in turn (called line wine). When making a toast, both the person making the toast and the person being toasted should "avoid the table" and stand up. A common toast is three cups. Among the fifty-six ethnic groups in the Chinese family, except for the Muslims, who generally do not drink alcohol, all other ethnic groups drink alcohol. Each ethnic group has its own unique style of drinking. Primitive Religion, Sacrifice, Funeral and Wine Since ancient times, wine has been one of the necessary items for sacrifices. Primitive religion originated from witchcraft. In ancient China, sorcerers utilized the so-called "supernatural power" to carry out various activities, all of which required the use of wine. There was no difference between witchcraft and medicine in ancient times, and wine, as medicine, was one of the common medicines for witch doctors. In ancient times, the rulers believed that "the major events of the country were in the rituals and ron". In rituals, wine, as something beautiful, was firstly dedicated to the heaven, gods and ancestors to enjoy. War decides the survival of a tribe or a country, and the warriors who go out to war, before they set off, are more likely to use wine to motivate the fighting spirit. The relationship between wine and national events is thus evident. Reflecting the Zhou Dynasty and the Warring States period system of the "Zhouli", the ritual use of wine has clear provisions. Such as sacrifices, with "five Qi", "three wine" **** eight kinds of wine. The person who presided over the sacrificial activities, in ancient times is a great power, the primitive society is the sorcerer, the sorcerer's main responsibility is to worship the emperor ghosts and gods, and for people to pray for luck and avoid disasters. Later on, there was the "sacrificial wine" to preside over the activities of libation and sacrifice to the gods in the feasts and banquets. It is a common custom among all ethnic groups in China to use wine to offer sacrifices to ancestors, and to use wine to perform some rituals at funerals and burials. After the death of a person, friends and relatives to come to the deceased, the Han Chinese custom is to "eat fasting rice", also known as some places to eat "bean curd rice", which is organized during the funeral feast. Although they are vegetarian, wine is still essential. Some ethnic minorities in mourning with meat and wine to go, such as the Miao family heard the funeral letter, with the cottage people generally want to give the funeral home a few pounds of wine and its rice, incense and candles, etc., relatives to send more wine, such as son-in-law to send twenty pounds of white wine, a pig. The funeral home is to set up a banquet to entertain the hangers. Yunnan Nujiang region of the Nu people, the village if someone died of illness, each household with wine to come to the funeral, sorcerer poured wine in the mouth of the deceased, the people drink a cup of wine, called this "parting wine". After the dead are buried, there are ancient customs in the grave into the wine, in order to the dead in the netherworld can also enjoy the fun of drinking on earth. Han Chinese must bring wine and meat to the graves of the dead on the Qingming Festival. In some important festivals, when holding family banquets, they have to keep the upper seat for the dead ancestors, and the head of the family can only sit in a secondary position at this time, in the upper seat, put the wine and food for the ancestors, and signaled to let the ancestors drink or eat first, before the family can start drinking and eating. In front of the ancestor's spirit, candles are also inserted, and a cup of wine and a number of plates of food are placed there to express their thoughts and respect for the deceased. Three major festivals of drinking customs Chinese people several major festivals of the year, there are corresponding drinking activities, such as the Dragon Boat Festival drinking "calamus wine", the Chung Yeung Festival drinking "chrysanthemum wine", New Year's Eve, "wine". ". In some places, such as the folk in Jiangxi, after the spring insertion of seedlings, to get together and drink, celebrate the harvest more to drink, when the banquet is over, often is "home to help the drunken return". New Year's Eve, also known as New Year's Eve, is the most important festival for Chinese people, a day of family reunion, the New Year's Eve dinner is the most sumptuous feast of the year, even if you are poor and don't usually drink much, the wine in the New Year's Eve dinner is indispensable. After the New Year's Eve dinner, some people still have the custom of drinking wine and keeping vigil. The first day of the first month, some places, people generally do not go out, from the beginning of the second day of the first month, only to start stringing, there are guests at the door, the host will have long been prepared for the exquisite wine dishes on the table, pouring wine, *** congratulations on the New Year. At the beginning of the New Year, the ancients had the custom of drinking tusu wine with the family, drinking wine, from small to large in order to drink. It is said that drinking this wine can avoid the plague. The Korean "Jiuwu": This kind of wine is mostly brewed before the "Jiuwu Festival". This is the equivalent of the Han Chinese New Year, and the main ingredient is rice, which is mixed with Chinese herbs, such as orange stem, fengfeng, mountain pepper and cinnamon, similar to the Han Chinese Tusu Wine, but with a different herbal formula. It is used for drinking during the Spring Festival and for entertaining guests, and it is believed that drinking this wine can protect you from evil spirits and help you live a long life. Hani "New Valley Wine": Every year before the fall harvest, the Hani people living in the Yuanjiang area of Yunnan Province, in accordance with traditional customs, will hold a sumptuous "drinking new valley wine" ceremony to celebrate the abundance of grains and the safety of people and animals. The so-called "new grain wine", is each family from the field to cut back a handful of ripe grain handle, hanging upside down in the hall right behind the upper part of the wall of a small gabion along the edge of the meant to pray for the family God to protect the crops, and then strangled under the grain a hundred or so grains, some of them fried into the grain flower, some do not fry, put into the bottle of wine. Drinking "New Valley Wine" is chosen on an auspicious day, when every family organizes a sumptuous meal, and the whole family, young and old, without exception, drinks a few mouthfuls of "New Valley Wine". Everyone has a good meal, and the whole family drinks a few sips of Shingu Wine. Chrysanthemum wine" has a long history, "Xijing Miscellany" has recorded: "Chrysanthemum Shu and pick stems and leaves, mixed with millet brewed to the next year on September 9 began to ripen on the drink, so it is called chrysanthemum wine. Four marriage drinking custom Southern "daughter wine", the first recorded for the Jin JI Han by the "southern grass and trees," said the southern people born under the daughter is only a few years old, will start brewing wine, brewed wine, buried in the bottom of the pond, to be married to a daughter before taking out the time for guests to drink. This wine in Shaoxing was inherited, developed into the famous "flower carving wine", the quality of its wine and general Shaoxing wine and there is no significant difference, the main wine altar unique, this wine altar is still in the soil bad, carved with a variety of floral patterns, people, birds and animals, landscape pavilions, and so on when the daughter got married, take out the wine altar, please painters painted with oil colors! "Hundreds of plays", such as "Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea", "Dragon and Phoenix", "Chang'e Runs to the Moon", etc., and with the Auspicious, good luck, flowers and moonlight "colorful" "happy wine", often synonymous with the wedding, the wedding is to do happy wine, go to drink happy wine, that is, go to participate in the wedding. Manchu people get married when the "cross cup wine": into the night, the cave candle light, the bridegroom to the bride to uncover the skullcap to sit on the left side of the bride, marrying Mrs. holding a cup of wine, the first bridegroom sip; to send the bridegroom Mrs. holding a cup of wine, the first brides to sip; and then the two wives will be exchanged for a cup of wine, please bride and groom and then sip each sip. Manchu people before and after the wedding "thank you seat": will cook a table of wine in a special gift box, carried by two people sent to the woman's home, to express the in-laws raised their daughters to their own family as a daughter-in-law's gratitude. In addition, but also to do a table "thank the matchmaker seat", with a round cage loaded, picked by a person sent to the matchmaker's home, expressed gratitude to the matchmaker to fulfill a good thing. Daur ethnic "wind wine" and "out of the door wine": send the family to the male family, the groom's parents to fill two cups of wine, to send relatives to the "wind wine, which is also known as the "door cup! ", the guests to drink all, to show that is a family. Later, the male family to set up three banquets to guests. After the wedding, the woman's family more far away in the groom's home to stay overnight, the next day before leaving, in sending relatives back, the groom's parents are waiting for the door next to the inside, to the VIP one by one, "out of the door wine". "will kiss wine", engagement ceremony, to set the table, drink "will kiss wine", said the marriage has been finalized, the marriage contract has come into effect, and thereafter men and women are not free to withdraw from marriage, marriage. "back to the door wine", the day after the wedding, the newlyweds to "back to the door", that is, back to the mother's family to visit the elders, the mother's family to set up a banquet reception, commonly known as "back to the door wine". Returning to the door of the wine only set a lunch, after the wine, the couple went home. "Fm radio": this is a traditional ceremony in our wedding program, also known as "fm radio" in ancient times (fm radio originally means a gourd divided into two dippers), "fm radio and spirit", Kong Yingda explains. "Kong Yingda explained, "A gourd divided into two dippers was called fm radio, and the son-in-law and the woman each held a piece of fm radio to wash their mouths with wine, and fm radio was also extended to mean marriage. In the Tang Dynasty, there is the name of fm radio, and in the Song Dynasty, in terms of etiquette, the prevalence of colorful silk will be two wine cups linked, and ò into a concentric knot and other colorful knots, couples drink a cup with each other, or husband and wife to pass the drink. This custom is very common in our country, such as in the Shaoxing area to drink the cup of wine, by the male relatives, children, blessed with a good middle-aged woman presided over, drink the cup of wine before the first to sit on the bed of the bride and groom to feed a few small dumplings, and then, poured two cups of Huadiao wine, respectively, to the newlyweds drink a mouthful of wine, and then the two cups of wine mixed, and then divided into two cups, to take the "I have you, you have me," the meaning of "I have you, you have me. You have me", so that the bride and groom drink, and to the door to sprinkle a large handful of candy, so that the crowd of onlookers outside to scramble. The wedding of the cross-breaking wine: in order to show that couples love each other, in the wedding couples each hold a cup of wine, hand breaks intersect each drink a mouthful.